This patch adds vlan rtm definitions:
- NEWVLAN: to be used for creating vlans, setting options and
notifications
- DELVLAN: to be used for deleting vlans
- GETVLAN: used for dumping vlan information
Dumping vlans which can span multiple messages is added now with basic
information (vid and flags). We use nlmsg_parse() to validate the header
length in order to be able to extend the message with filtering
attributes later.
Signed-off-by: Nikolay Aleksandrov <nikolay@cumulusnetworks.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Add two commands to add and delete list of link properties. Implement
the first property type along - alternative ifnames.
Each net device can have multiple alternative names.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Pirko <jiri@mellanox.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Based on 2 normalized pattern(s):
this program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify
it under the terms of the gnu general public license version 2 as
published by the free software foundation
this program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify
it under the terms of the gnu general public license version 2 as
published by the free software foundation #
extracted by the scancode license scanner the SPDX license identifier
GPL-2.0-only
has been chosen to replace the boilerplate/reference in 4122 file(s).
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Enrico Weigelt <info@metux.net>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Allison Randal <allison@lohutok.net>
Cc: linux-spdx@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190604081206.933168790@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
New UAPI for nexthops as standalone objects:
- defines netlink ancillary header, struct nhmsg
- RTM commands for nexthop objects, RTM_*NEXTHOP,
- RTNLGRP for nexthop notifications, RTNLGRP_NEXTHOP,
- Attributes for creating nexthops, NHA_*
- Attribute for route specs to specify a nexthop by id, RTA_NH_ID.
The nexthop attributes and semantics follow the route and RTA ones for
device, gateway and lwt encap. Unique to nexthop objects are a blackhole
and a group which contains references to other nexthop objects. With the
exception of blackhole and group, nexthop objects MUST contain a device.
Gateway and encap are optional. Nexthop groups can only reference other
pre-existing nexthops by id. If the NHA_ID attribute is present that id
is used for the nexthop. If not specified, one is auto assigned.
Dump requests can include attributes:
- NHA_GROUPS to return only nexthop groups,
- NHA_MASTER to limit dumps to nexthops with devices enslaved to the
given master (e.g., VRF)
- NHA_OIF to limit dumps to nexthops using given device
nlmsg_route_perms in selinux code is updated for the new RTM comands.
Signed-off-by: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Commit 32a4f5ecd7 ("net: sched: introduce chain object to uapi")
added new RTM_* definitions without properly updating SELinux, this
patch adds the necessary SELinux support.
While there was a BUILD_BUG_ON() in the SELinux code to protect from
exactly this case, it was bypassed in the broken commit. In order to
hopefully prevent this from happening in the future, add additional
comments which provide some instructions on how to resolve the
BUILD_BUG_ON() failures.
Fixes: 32a4f5ecd7 ("net: sched: introduce chain object to uapi")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 4.19
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com>
Allow user to create, destroy, get and dump chain objects. Do that by
extending rtnl commands by the chain-specific ones. User will now be
able to explicitly create or destroy chains (so far this was done only
automatically according the filter/act needs and refcounting). Also, the
user will receive notification about any chain creation or destuction.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Pirko <jiri@mellanox.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
New NEWCACHEREPORT message type to be used for cache reports sent
via Netlink, effectively allowing splitting cache report reception from
mroute programming.
Suggested-by: Ryan Halbrook <halbrook@arista.com>
Signed-off-by: Julien Gomes <julien@arista.com>
Reviewed-by: Nikolay Aleksandrov <nikolay@cumulusnetworks.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Pull security subsystem updates from James Morris:
"Highlights:
IMA:
- provide ">" and "<" operators for fowner/uid/euid rules
KEYS:
- add a system blacklist keyring
- add KEYCTL_RESTRICT_KEYRING, exposes keyring link restriction
functionality to userland via keyctl()
LSM:
- harden LSM API with __ro_after_init
- add prlmit security hook, implement for SELinux
- revive security_task_alloc hook
TPM:
- implement contextual TPM command 'spaces'"
* 'next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jmorris/linux-security: (98 commits)
tpm: Fix reference count to main device
tpm_tis: convert to using locality callbacks
tpm: fix handling of the TPM 2.0 event logs
tpm_crb: remove a cruft constant
keys: select CONFIG_CRYPTO when selecting DH / KDF
apparmor: Make path_max parameter readonly
apparmor: fix parameters so that the permission test is bypassed at boot
apparmor: fix invalid reference to index variable of iterator line 836
apparmor: use SHASH_DESC_ON_STACK
security/apparmor/lsm.c: set debug messages
apparmor: fix boolreturn.cocci warnings
Smack: Use GFP_KERNEL for smk_netlbl_mls().
smack: fix double free in smack_parse_opts_str()
KEYS: add SP800-56A KDF support for DH
KEYS: Keyring asymmetric key restrict method with chaining
KEYS: Restrict asymmetric key linkage using a specific keychain
KEYS: Add a lookup_restriction function for the asymmetric key type
KEYS: Add KEYCTL_RESTRICT_KEYRING
KEYS: Consistent ordering for __key_link_begin and restrict check
KEYS: Add an optional lookup_restriction hook to key_type
...
Constify nlmsg permission tables, which are initialized once
and then do not change.
Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com>
This patch adds a new RTM_GETSTATS message to query link stats via netlink
from the kernel. RTM_NEWLINK also dumps stats today, but RTM_NEWLINK
returns a lot more than just stats and is expensive in some cases when
frequent polling for stats from userspace is a common operation.
RTM_GETSTATS is an attempt to provide a light weight netlink message
to explicity query only link stats from the kernel on an interface.
The idea is to also keep it extensible so that new kinds of stats can be
added to it in the future.
This patch adds the following attribute for NETDEV stats:
struct nla_policy ifla_stats_policy[IFLA_STATS_MAX + 1] = {
[IFLA_STATS_LINK_64] = { .len = sizeof(struct rtnl_link_stats64) },
};
Like any other rtnetlink message, RTM_GETSTATS can be used to get stats of
a single interface or all interfaces with NLM_F_DUMP.
Future possible new types of stat attributes:
link af stats:
- IFLA_STATS_LINK_IPV6 (nested. for ipv6 stats)
- IFLA_STATS_LINK_MPLS (nested. for mpls/mdev stats)
extended stats:
- IFLA_STATS_LINK_EXTENDED (nested. extended software netdev stats like bridge,
vlan, vxlan etc)
- IFLA_STATS_LINK_HW_EXTENDED (nested. extended hardware stats which are
available via ethtool today)
This patch also declares a filter mask for all stat attributes.
User has to provide a mask of stats attributes to query. filter mask
can be specified in the new hdr 'struct if_stats_msg' for stats messages.
Other important field in the header is the ifindex.
This api can also include attributes for global stats (eg tcp) in the future.
When global stats are included in a stats msg, the ifindex in the header
must be zero. A single stats message cannot contain both global and
netdev specific stats. To easily distinguish them, netdev specific stat
attributes name are prefixed with IFLA_STATS_LINK_
Without any attributes in the filter_mask, no stats will be returned.
This patch has been tested with mofified iproute2 ifstat.
Suggested-by: Jamal Hadi Salim <jhs@mojatatu.com>
Signed-off-by: Roopa Prabhu <roopa@cumulusnetworks.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Without this, using SOCK_DESTROY in enforcing mode results in:
SELinux: unrecognized netlink message type=21 for sclass=32
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Colitti <lorenzo@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
When a new rtnl or xfrm command is added, this part of the code is frequently
missing. Let's help the developer with a build time test.
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Dichtel <nicolas.dichtel@6wind.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This command is missing.
Fixes: 3a2dfbe8ac ("xfrm: Notify changes in UDP encapsulation via netlink")
CC: Martin Willi <martin@strongswan.org>
Reported-by: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Dichtel <nicolas.dichtel@6wind.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This command is missing.
Fixes: 5c79de6e79 ("[XFRM]: User interface for handling XFRM_MSG_MIGRATE")
Reported-by: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Dichtel <nicolas.dichtel@6wind.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This command is missing.
Fixes: 97a64b4577 ("[XFRM]: Introduce XFRM_MSG_REPORT.")
Reported-by: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Dichtel <nicolas.dichtel@6wind.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
These commands are missing.
Fixes: 28d8909bc7 ("[XFRM]: Export SAD info.")
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Dichtel <nicolas.dichtel@6wind.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This command is missing.
Fixes: ecfd6b1837 ("[XFRM]: Export SPD info")
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Dichtel <nicolas.dichtel@6wind.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This new command is missing.
Fixes: 880a6fab8f ("xfrm: configure policy hash table thresholds by netlink")
Reported-by: Christophe Gouault <christophe.gouault@6wind.com>
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Dichtel <nicolas.dichtel@6wind.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This new command is missing.
Fixes: 9a9634545c ("netns: notify netns id events")
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Dichtel <nicolas.dichtel@6wind.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
These new commands are missing.
Fixes: 0c7aecd4bd ("netns: add rtnl cmd to add and get peer netns ids")
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Dichtel <nicolas.dichtel@6wind.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
We use the read check to get the feature set (like AUDIT_GET) and the
write check to set the features (like AUDIT_SET).
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Richard Guy Briggs <rgb@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Cc: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@vyatta.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Rebased on the latest net-next tree.
RTM_NEWNETCONF and RTM_GETNETCONF are missing in this table.
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
V5: fix two bugs pointed out by Thomas
remove seq check for now, mark it as TODO
V4: remove some useless #include
some coding style fix
V3: drop debugging printk's
update selinux perm table as well
V2: drop patch 1/2, export ifindex directly
Redesign netlink attributes
Improve netlink seq check
Handle IPv6 addr as well
This patch exports bridge multicast database via netlink
message type RTM_GETMDB. Similar to fdb, but currently bridge-specific.
We may need to support modify multicast database too (RTM_{ADD,DEL}MDB).
(Thanks to Thomas for patient reviews)
Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Cc: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@vyatta.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Thomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Thomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This patch removes ip_queue support which was marked as obsolete
years ago. The nfnetlink_queue modules provides more advanced
user-space packet queueing mechanism.
This patch also removes capability code included in SELinux that
refers to ip_queue. Otherwise, we break compilation.
Several warning has been sent regarding this to the mailing list
in the past month without anyone rising the hand to stop this
with some strong argument.
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
Commit 2f90b865 added two new netlink message types to the netlink route
socket. SELinux has hooks to define if netlink messages are allowed to
be sent or received, but it did not know about these two new message
types. By default we allow such actions so noone likely noticed. This
patch adds the proper definitions and thus proper permissions
enforcement.
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
skbuff.h is already included by netlink.h, so remove it.
Signed-off-by: Zhitong Wang <zhitong.wangzt@alibaba-inc.com>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Audit trees defined 2 new netlink messages but the netlink mapping tables for
selinux permissions were not set up. This patch maps these 2 new operations
to AUDIT_WRITE.
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
New selinux permission to separate the ability to turn on tty auditing from
the ability to set audit rules.
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
In enforcing mode '/sbin/ip addrlabel' results in a SELinux error:
type=SELINUX_ERR msg=audit(1225698822.073:42): SELinux: unrecognized
netlink message type=74 for sclass=43
The problem is missing RTM_*ADDRLABEL entries in SELinux's netlink
message types table.
Reported in https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=469423
Signed-off-by: Michal Schmidt <mschmidt@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
This patch changes nlmsgtab.c to fix whitespace and syntax issues. Things that
are fixed may include (does not not have to include)
whitespace at end of lines
spaces followed by tabs
spaces used instead of tabs
spacing around parenthesis
locateion of { around struct and else clauses
location of * in pointer declarations
removal of initialization of static data to keep it in the right section
useless {} in if statemetns
useless checking for NULL before kfree
fixing of the indentation depth of switch statements
and any number of other things I forgot to mention
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Add TTY input auditing, used to audit system administrator's actions. This is
required by various security standards such as DCID 6/3 and PCI to provide
non-repudiation of administrator's actions and to allow a review of past
actions if the administrator seems to overstep their duties or if the system
becomes misconfigured for unknown reasons. These requirements do not make it
necessary to audit TTY output as well.
Compared to an user-space keylogger, this approach records TTY input using the
audit subsystem, correlated with other audit events, and it is completely
transparent to the user-space application (e.g. the console ioctls still
work).
TTY input auditing works on a higher level than auditing all system calls
within the session, which would produce an overwhelming amount of mostly
useless audit events.
Add an "audit_tty" attribute, inherited across fork (). Data read from TTYs
by process with the attribute is sent to the audit subsystem by the kernel.
The audit netlink interface is extended to allow modifying the audit_tty
attribute, and to allow sending explanatory audit events from user-space (for
example, a shell might send an event containing the final command, after the
interactive command-line editing and history expansion is performed, which
might be difficult to decipher from the TTY input alone).
Because the "audit_tty" attribute is inherited across fork (), it would be set
e.g. for sshd restarted within an audited session. To prevent this, the
audit_tty attribute is cleared when a process with no open TTY file
descriptors (e.g. after daemon startup) opens a TTY.
See https://www.redhat.com/archives/linux-audit/2007-June/msg00000.html for a
more detailed rationale document for an older version of this patch.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Cc: Paul Fulghum <paulkf@microgate.com>
Cc: Casey Schaufler <casey@schaufler-ca.com>
Cc: Steve Grubb <sgrubb@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
RTM_GETPREFIX is completely unused and is thus removed.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* 'audit.b3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/audit-current: (22 commits)
[PATCH] fix audit_init failure path
[PATCH] EXPORT_SYMBOL patch for audit_log, audit_log_start, audit_log_end and audit_format
[PATCH] sem2mutex: audit_netlink_sem
[PATCH] simplify audit_free() locking
[PATCH] Fix audit operators
[PATCH] promiscuous mode
[PATCH] Add tty to syscall audit records
[PATCH] add/remove rule update
[PATCH] audit string fields interface + consumer
[PATCH] SE Linux audit events
[PATCH] Minor cosmetic cleanups to the code moved into auditfilter.c
[PATCH] Fix audit record filtering with !CONFIG_AUDITSYSCALL
[PATCH] Fix IA64 success/failure indication in syscall auditing.
[PATCH] Miscellaneous bug and warning fixes
[PATCH] Capture selinux subject/object context information.
[PATCH] Exclude messages by message type
[PATCH] Collect more inode information during syscall processing.
[PATCH] Pass dentry, not just name, in fsnotify creation hooks.
[PATCH] Define new range of userspace messages.
[PATCH] Filter rule comparators
...
Fixed trivial conflict in security/selinux/hooks.c
The attached patch updates various items for the new user space
messages. Please apply.
Signed-off-by: Steve Grubb <sgrubb@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
To retrieve the neighbour tables send RTM_GETNEIGHTBL with the
NLM_F_DUMP flag set. Every neighbour table configuration is
spread over multiple messages to avoid running into message
size limits on systems with many interfaces. The first message
in the sequence transports all not device specific data such as
statistics, configuration, and the default parameter set.
This message is followed by 0..n messages carrying device
specific parameter sets.
Although the ordering should be sufficient, NDTA_NAME can be
used to identify sequences. The initial message can be identified
by checking for NDTA_CONFIG. The device specific messages do
not contain this TLV but have NDTPA_IFINDEX set to the
corresponding interface index.
To change neighbour table attributes, send RTM_SETNEIGHTBL
with NDTA_NAME set. Changeable attribute include NDTA_THRESH[1-3],
NDTA_GC_INTERVAL, and all TLVs in NDTA_PARMS unless marked
otherwise. Device specific parameter sets can be changed by
setting NDTPA_IFINDEX to the interface index of the corresponding
device.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
It's silly to have to add explicit entries for new userspace messages
as we invent them. Just treat all messages in the user range the same.
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
This patch adds more messages types to the audit subsystem so that audit
analysis is quicker, intuitive, and more useful.
Signed-off-by: Steve Grubb <sgrubb@redhat.com>
---
I forgot one type in the big patch. I need to add one for user space
originating SE Linux avc messages. This is used by dbus and nscd.
-Steve
---
Updated to 2.6.12-rc4-mm1.
-dwmw2
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
shutdown credential information. It creates a new message type
AUDIT_TERM_INFO, which is used by the audit daemon to query who issued the
shutdown.
It requires the placement of a hook function that gathers the information. The
hook is after the DAC & MAC checks and before the function returns. Racing
threads could overwrite the uid & pid - but they would have to be root and
have policy that allows signalling the audit daemon. That should be a
manageable risk.
The userspace component will be released later in audit 0.7.2. When it
receives the TERM signal, it queries the kernel for shutdown information.
When it receives it, it writes the message and exits. The message looks
like this:
type=DAEMON msg=auditd(1114551182.000) auditd normal halt, sending pid=2650
uid=525, auditd pid=1685
Signed-off-by: Steve Grubb <sgrubb@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
This patch provides finer grained permissions for the audit family of
Netlink sockets under SELinux.
1. We need a way to differentiate between privileged and unprivileged
reads of kernel data maintained by the audit subsystem. The AUDIT_GET
operation is unprivileged: it returns the current status of the audit
subsystem (e.g. whether it's enabled etc.). The AUDIT_LIST operation
however returns a list of the current audit ruleset, which is considered
privileged by the audit folk. To deal with this, a new SELinux
permission has been implemented and applied to the operation:
nlmsg_readpriv, which can be allocated to appropriately privileged
domains. Unprivileged domains would only be allocated nlmsg_read.
2. There is a requirement for certain domains to generate audit events
from userspace. These events need to be collected by the kernel,
collated and transmitted sequentially back to the audit daemon. An
example is user level login, an auditable event under CAPP, where
login-related domains generate AUDIT_USER messages via PAM which are
relayed back to auditd via the kernel. To prevent handing out
nlmsg_write permissions to such domains, a new permission has been
added, nlmsg_relay, which is intended for this type of purpose: data is
passed via the kernel back to userspace but no privileged information is
written to the kernel.
Also, AUDIT_LOGIN messages are now valid only for kernel->user messaging,
so this value has been removed from the SELinux nlmsgtab (which is only
used to check user->kernel messages).
Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch fixes a bug in the SELinux Netlink message type detection code,
where the wrong constant was being used in a case statement. The incorrect
value is not valid for this class of object so it would not have been
reached, and fallen through to a default handler for all Netlink messages.
Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
Nikolay Aleksandrov
Jiri Pirko
David S. Miller
Thomas Gleixner
David Ahern
Paul Moore
Julien Gomes
Linus Torvalds
David Ahern
James Morris
Roopa Prabhu
Lorenzo Colitti
Nicolas Dichtel
Paul Moore
Eric Paris
Amerigo Wang
Pablo Neira Ayuso
wzt.wzt@gmail.com
Michal Schmidt
Miloslav Trmac
Thomas Graf
Linus Torvalds
Jamal Hadi Salim
Amy Griffis
Steve Grubb
David Woodhouse
James Morris
Linus Torvalds