Some UDF media have special inodes (like VAT or metadata partition
inodes) whose link_count is 0. Thus commit 4071b91362 (udf: Properly
detect stale inodes) broke loading these inodes because udf_iget()
started returning -ESTALE for them. Since we still need to properly
detect stale inodes queried by NFS, create two variants of udf_iget() -
one which is used for looking up special inodes (which ignores
link_count == 0) and one which is used for other cases which return
ESTALE when link_count == 0.
Fixes: 4071b91362
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
sys_tz is already declared in include/linux/time.h
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Currently write(2) updating i_size and close(2) of the file can race in
such a way that udf_truncate_tail_extent() called from
udf_file_release() sees old i_size but already new extents added by the
running write call. This results in complaints like:
UDF-fs: warning (device vdb2): udf_truncate_tail_extent: Too long extent
after EOF in inode 877: i_size: 0 lbcount: 1073739776 extent 0+1073739776
UDF-fs: error (device vdb2): udf_truncate_tail_extent: Extent after EOF
in inode 877
Fix the problem by grabbing i_mutex in udf_file_release() to be sure
i_size is consistent with current state of extent list. Also avoid
truncating tail extent unnecessarily when the file is still open for
writing.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Currently udf_iget() (triggered by NFS) can race with udf_new_inode()
leading to two inode structures with the same inode number:
nfsd: iget_locked() creates inode
nfsd: try to read from disk, block on that.
udf_new_inode(): allocate inode with that inumber
udf_new_inode(): insert it into icache, set it up and dirty
udf_write_inode(): write inode into buffer cache
nfsd: get CPU again, look into buffer cache, see nice and sane on-disk
inode, set the in-core inode from it
Fix the problem by putting inode into icache in locked state (I_NEW set)
and unlocking it only after it's fully set up.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
boilerplate code in udf_{create,mknod,symlink} taken to new helper
symlink case converted to unique id calculated by udf_new_inode() - no
point finding a new one.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Currently UDF doesn't initialize i_generation in any way and thus NFS
can easily get reallocated inodes from stale file handles. Luckily UDF
already has a unique object identifier associated with each inode -
i_unique. Use that for initialization of i_generation.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
NFS can easily ask for inodes that are already deleted. Currently UDF
happily returns such inodes which is a bug. Return -ESTALE if
udf_read_inode() is asked to read deleted inode.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Currently __udf_read_inode() wasn't returning anything and we found out
whether we succeeded reading inode by checking whether inode is bad or
not. udf_iget() returned NULL on failure and inode pointer otherwise.
Make these two functions properly propagate errors up the call stack and
use the return value in callers.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
We did not implement any bound on number of indirect ICBs we follow when
loading inode. Thus corrupted medium could cause kernel to go into an
infinite loop, possibly causing a stack overflow.
Fix the possible stack overflow by removing recursion from
__udf_read_inode() and limit number of indirect ICBs we follow to avoid
infinite loops.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
There's no good reason to separate these since udf_fill_inode() is
called only from __udf_read_inode() and both do part of the same thing.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
If we are writing back inode of unlinked directory, its link count ends
up being (u16)-1. Although the inode is deleted, udf_iget() can load the
inode when NFS uses stale file handle and get confused.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
We have released the ->i_data_sem before invoking udf_add_entry(),
so in following error path, we should not release this lock again.
Signed-off-by: Chao Yu <chao2.yu@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Valid data within i_size in page cache will be copied to ICB cache when we
writeback the page by invoking udf_adinicb_writepage, so the copy in
udf_adinicb_write_end is redundant.
After we remove the copy, it's better to use simple_write_end directly in
udf_adinicb_aops instead of udf_adinicb_write_end.
Signed-off-by: Chao Yu <chao2.yu@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
This patch cleans up udf_translate_to_linux() a bit by using globally defined
macros instead of custom code.
We can use sprintf(buf, "%04X", ...) there as well, but this one faster.
Signed-off-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Fix checkpatch warning
WARNING: Use #include <linux/uaccess.h> instead of <asm/uaccess.h>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Pull vfs updates from Al Viro:
"The first vfs pile, with deep apologies for being very late in this
window.
Assorted cleanups and fixes, plus a large preparatory part of iov_iter
work. There's a lot more of that, but it'll probably go into the next
merge window - it *does* shape up nicely, removes a lot of
boilerplate, gets rid of locking inconsistencie between aio_write and
splice_write and I hope to get Kent's direct-io rewrite merged into
the same queue, but some of the stuff after this point is having
(mostly trivial) conflicts with the things already merged into
mainline and with some I want more testing.
This one passes LTP and xfstests without regressions, in addition to
usual beating. BTW, readahead02 in ltp syscalls testsuite has started
giving failures since "mm/readahead.c: fix readahead failure for
memoryless NUMA nodes and limit readahead pages" - might be a false
positive, might be a real regression..."
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (63 commits)
missing bits of "splice: fix racy pipe->buffers uses"
cifs: fix the race in cifs_writev()
ceph_sync_{,direct_}write: fix an oops on ceph_osdc_new_request() failure
kill generic_file_buffered_write()
ocfs2_file_aio_write(): switch to generic_perform_write()
ceph_aio_write(): switch to generic_perform_write()
xfs_file_buffered_aio_write(): switch to generic_perform_write()
export generic_perform_write(), start getting rid of generic_file_buffer_write()
generic_file_direct_write(): get rid of ppos argument
btrfs_file_aio_write(): get rid of ppos
kill the 5th argument of generic_file_buffered_write()
kill the 4th argument of __generic_file_aio_write()
lustre: don't open-code kernel_recvmsg()
ocfs2: don't open-code kernel_recvmsg()
drbd: don't open-code kernel_recvmsg()
constify blk_rq_map_user_iov() and friends
lustre: switch to kernel_sendmsg()
ocfs2: don't open-code kernel_sendmsg()
take iov_iter stuff to mm/iov_iter.c
process_vm_access: tidy up a bit
...
Pull ext3 improvements, cleanups, reiserfs fix from Jan Kara:
"various cleanups for ext2, ext3, udf, isofs, a documentation update
for quota, and a fix of a race in reiserfs readdir implementation"
* 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jack/linux-fs:
reiserfs: fix race in readdir
ext2: acl: remove unneeded include of linux/capability.h
ext3: explicitly remove inode from orphan list after failed direct io
fs/isofs/inode.c add __init to init_inodecache()
ext3: Speedup WB_SYNC_ALL pass
fs/quota/Kconfig: Update filesystems
ext3: Update outdated comment before ext3_ordered_writepage()
ext3: Update PF_MEMALLOC handling in ext3_write_inode()
ext2/3: use prandom_u32() instead of get_random_bytes()
ext3: remove an unneeded check in ext3_new_blocks()
ext3: remove unneeded check in ext3_ordered_writepage()
fs: Mark function as static in ext3/xattr_security.c
fs: Mark function as static in ext3/dir.c
fs: Mark function as static in ext2/xattr_security.c
ext3: Add __init macro to init_inodecache
ext2: Add __init macro to init_inodecache
udf: Add __init macro to init_inodecache
fs: udf: parse_options: blocksize check
and COLLAPSE_RANGE fallocate operations, and scalability improvements
in the jbd2 layer and in xattr handling when the extended attributes
spill over into an external block.
Other than that, the usual clean ups and minor bug fixes.
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Merge tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4
Pull ext4 updates from Ted Ts'o:
"Major changes for 3.14 include support for the newly added ZERO_RANGE
and COLLAPSE_RANGE fallocate operations, and scalability improvements
in the jbd2 layer and in xattr handling when the extended attributes
spill over into an external block.
Other than that, the usual clean ups and minor bug fixes"
* tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4: (42 commits)
ext4: fix premature freeing of partial clusters split across leaf blocks
ext4: remove unneeded test of ret variable
ext4: fix comment typo
ext4: make ext4_block_zero_page_range static
ext4: atomically set inode->i_flags in ext4_set_inode_flags()
ext4: optimize Hurd tests when reading/writing inodes
ext4: kill i_version support for Hurd-castrated file systems
ext4: each filesystem creates and uses its own mb_cache
fs/mbcache.c: doucple the locking of local from global data
fs/mbcache.c: change block and index hash chain to hlist_bl_node
ext4: Introduce FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE flag for fallocate
ext4: refactor ext4_fallocate code
ext4: Update inode i_size after the preallocation
ext4: fix partial cluster handling for bigalloc file systems
ext4: delete path dealloc code in ext4_ext_handle_uninitialized_extents
ext4: only call sync_filesystm() when remounting read-only
fs: push sync_filesystem() down to the file system's remount_fs()
jbd2: improve error messages for inconsistent journal heads
jbd2: minimize region locked by j_list_lock in jbd2_journal_forget()
jbd2: minimize region locked by j_list_lock in journal_get_create_access()
...
Reclaim will be leaving shadow entries in the page cache radix tree upon
evicting the real page. As those pages are found from the LRU, an
iput() can lead to the inode being freed concurrently. At this point,
reclaim must no longer install shadow pages because the inode freeing
code needs to ensure the page tree is really empty.
Add an address_space flag, AS_EXITING, that the inode freeing code sets
under the tree lock before doing the final truncate. Reclaim will check
for this flag before installing shadow pages.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Bob Liu <bob.liu@oracle.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Luigi Semenzato <semenzato@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Metin Doslu <metin@citusdata.com>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Ozgun Erdogan <ozgun@citusdata.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <klamm@yandex-team.ru>
Cc: Ryan Mallon <rmallon@gmail.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Both affs and isofs check for blocksize integrity during
parse_options.Do the same thing for udf.
Valid values : 512, 1024, 2048 or 4096 bytes.
Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
UDF has two types of files - files with data stored in inode (ICB in
UDF terminology) and files with data stored in external data blocks. We
convert file from in-inode format to external format in
udf_file_aio_write() when we find out data won't fit into inode any
longer. However the following race between two O_APPEND writes can happen:
CPU1 CPU2
udf_file_aio_write() udf_file_aio_write()
down_write(&iinfo->i_data_sem);
checks that i_size + count1 fits within inode
=> no need to convert
up_write(&iinfo->i_data_sem);
down_write(&iinfo->i_data_sem);
checks that i_size + count2 fits
within inode => no need to convert
up_write(&iinfo->i_data_sem);
generic_file_aio_write()
- extends file by count1 bytes
generic_file_aio_write()
- extends file by count2 bytes
Clearly if count1 + count2 doesn't fit into the inode, we overwrite
kernel buffers beyond inode, possibly corrupting the filesystem as well.
Fix the problem by acquiring i_mutex before checking whether write fits
into the inode and using __generic_file_aio_write() afterwards which
puts check and write into one critical section.
Reported-by: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Lockdep is complaining about UDF:
=============================================
[ INFO: possible recursive locking detected ]
3.12.0+ #16 Not tainted
---------------------------------------------
ln/7386 is trying to acquire lock:
(&ei->i_data_sem){+.+...}, at: [<ffffffff8142f06d>] udf_get_block+0x8d/0x130
but task is already holding lock:
(&ei->i_data_sem){+.+...}, at: [<ffffffff81431a8d>] udf_symlink+0x8d/0x690
other info that might help us debug this:
Possible unsafe locking scenario:
CPU0
----
lock(&ei->i_data_sem);
lock(&ei->i_data_sem);
*** DEADLOCK ***
This is because we hold i_data_sem of the symlink inode while calling
udf_add_entry() for the directory. I don't think this can ever lead to
deadlocks since we never hold i_data_sem for two inodes in any other
place.
The fix is simple - move unlock of i_data_sem for symlink inode up. We
don't need it for anything when linking symlink inode to directory.
Reported-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
The UDF driver was not strict enough about checking the IDs in the
VSDs when mounting, which resulted in reading through all the sectors
of the block device in some unfortunate cases. Eg, trying to mount my
uninitialized 200G SSD partition (all 0xFF bytes) took ~350 minutes to
fail, because the code expected some of the valid IDs or a zero byte.
During this, the mount couldn't be killed, sync from the cmdline
blocked, and the machine froze into the shutdown. Valid filesystems
(extX, btrfs, ntfs) were rejected by the mere accident of having a
zero byte at just the right place in some of their sectors, close
enough to the beginning not to generate excess I/O. The fix adds a
hard limit on the VSD sector offset, adds the two missing VSD IDs, and
stops scanning when encountering an invalid ID. Also replaced the
magic number 32768 with a more meaningful #define, and supressed the
bogus message about failing to read the first sector if no UDF fs was
detected.
Signed-off-by: Peter A. Felvegi <petschy@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
A user has reported an oops in udf_statfs() that was caused by
numOfPartitions entry in LVID structure being corrupted. Fix the problem
by verifying whether numOfPartitions makes sense at least to the extent
that LVID fits into a single block as it should.
Reported-by: Juergen Weigert <jw@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Pull aio changes from Ben LaHaise:
"First off, sorry for this pull request being late in the merge window.
Al had raised a couple of concerns about 2 items in the series below.
I addressed the first issue (the race introduced by Gu's use of
mm_populate()), but he has not provided any further details on how he
wants to rework the anon_inode.c changes (which were sent out months
ago but have yet to be commented on).
The bulk of the changes have been sitting in the -next tree for a few
months, with all the issues raised being addressed"
* git://git.kvack.org/~bcrl/aio-next: (22 commits)
aio: rcu_read_lock protection for new rcu_dereference calls
aio: fix race in ring buffer page lookup introduced by page migration support
aio: fix rcu sparse warnings introduced by ioctx table lookup patch
aio: remove unnecessary debugging from aio_free_ring()
aio: table lookup: verify ctx pointer
staging/lustre: kiocb->ki_left is removed
aio: fix error handling and rcu usage in "convert the ioctx list to table lookup v3"
aio: be defensive to ensure request batching is non-zero instead of BUG_ON()
aio: convert the ioctx list to table lookup v3
aio: double aio_max_nr in calculations
aio: Kill ki_dtor
aio: Kill ki_users
aio: Kill unneeded kiocb members
aio: Kill aio_rw_vect_retry()
aio: Don't use ctx->tail unnecessarily
aio: io_cancel() no longer returns the io_event
aio: percpu ioctx refcount
aio: percpu reqs_available
aio: reqs_active -> reqs_available
aio: fix build when migration is disabled
...
truncate_pagecache() doesn't care about old size since commit
cedabed49b ("vfs: Fix vmtruncate() regression"). Let's drop it.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Refuse RW mount of udf filesystem. So far we just silently changed it
to RO mount but when the media is writeable, block layer won't notice
this change and thus will think device is used RW and will block eject
button of the drive. That is unexpected by users because for
non-writeable media eject button works just fine.
Userspace mount(8) command handles this just fine and retries mounting
with MS_RDONLY set so userspace shouldn't see any regression. Plus any
tool mounting udf is likely confronted with the case of read-only
media where block layer already refuses to mount the filesystem without
MS_RDONLY set so our behavior shouldn't be anything new for it.
Reported-by: Hui Wang <hui.wang@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Change all function used in filesystem discovery during mount to user
standard kernel return values - -errno on error, 0 on success instead
of 1 on failure and 0 on success. This allows us to pass error number
(not just failure / success) so we can abort device scanning earlier
in case of errors like EIO or ENOMEM . Also we will be able to return
EROFS in case writeable mount is requested but writing isn't supported.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
This code doesn't serve any purpose anymore, since the aio retry
infrastructure has been removed.
This change should be safe because aio_read/write are also used for
synchronous IO, and called from do_sync_read()/do_sync_write() - and
there's no looping done in the sync case (the read and write syscalls).
Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <koverstreet@google.com>
Cc: Zach Brown <zab@redhat.com>
Cc: Felipe Balbi <balbi@ti.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Asai Thambi S P <asamymuthupa@micron.com>
Cc: Selvan Mani <smani@micron.com>
Cc: Sam Bradshaw <sbradshaw@micron.com>
Cc: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Benjamin LaHaise <bcrl@kvack.org>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin LaHaise <bcrl@kvack.org>
Somehow I failed to add the MODULE_ALIAS_FS for cifs, hostfs, hpfs,
squashfs, and udf despite what I thought were my careful checks :(
Add them now.
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Pull vfs pile (part one) from Al Viro:
"Assorted stuff - cleaning namei.c up a bit, fixing ->d_name/->d_parent
locking violations, etc.
The most visible changes here are death of FS_REVAL_DOT (replaced with
"has ->d_weak_revalidate()") and a new helper getting from struct file
to inode. Some bits of preparation to xattr method interface changes.
Misc patches by various people sent this cycle *and* ocfs2 fixes from
several cycles ago that should've been upstream right then.
PS: the next vfs pile will be xattr stuff."
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (46 commits)
saner proc_get_inode() calling conventions
proc: avoid extra pde_put() in proc_fill_super()
fs: change return values from -EACCES to -EPERM
fs/exec.c: make bprm_mm_init() static
ocfs2/dlm: use GFP_ATOMIC inside a spin_lock
ocfs2: fix possible use-after-free with AIO
ocfs2: Fix oops in ocfs2_fast_symlink_readpage() code path
get_empty_filp()/alloc_file() leave both ->f_pos and ->f_version zero
target: writev() on single-element vector is pointless
export kernel_write(), convert open-coded instances
fs: encode_fh: return FILEID_INVALID if invalid fid_type
kill f_vfsmnt
vfs: kill FS_REVAL_DOT by adding a d_weak_revalidate dentry op
nfsd: handle vfs_getattr errors in acl protocol
switch vfs_getattr() to struct path
default SET_PERSONALITY() in linux/elf.h
ceph: prepopulate inodes only when request is aborted
d_hash_and_lookup(): export, switch open-coded instances
9p: switch v9fs_set_create_acl() to inode+fid, do it before d_instantiate()
9p: split dropping the acls from v9fs_set_create_acl()
...
According to SUSv3:
[EACCES] Permission denied. An attempt was made to access a file in a way
forbidden by its file access permissions.
[EPERM] Operation not permitted. An attempt was made to perform an operation
limited to processes with appropriate privileges or to the owner of a file
or other resource.
So -EPERM should be returned if capability checks fails.
Strictly speaking this is an API change since the error code user sees is
altered.
Signed-off-by: Zhao Hongjiang <zhaohongjiang@huawei.com>
Acked-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Ian Kent <raven@themaw.net>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
This patch is a follow up on below patch:
[PATCH] exportfs: add FILEID_INVALID to indicate invalid fid_type
commit: 216b6cbdcb
Signed-off-by: Namjae Jeon <namjae.jeon@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Vivek Trivedi <t.vivek@samsung.com>
Acked-by: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Sage Weil <sage@inktank.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
struct udf_bitmap has array of buffer pointers attached to it. The code
unnecessarily used s_block_bitmap as a pointer to the array instead of
the standard trick of using 0 length array in the declaration. Change
that to make code more readable and actually shrink the structure by one
pointer.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
For large UDF filesystems with 512-byte blocks the number of necessary
bitmap blocks is larger than 2^16 so s_nr_groups in udf_bitmap overflows
(the number will overflow for filesystems larger than 128 GB with
512-byte blocks). That results in ENOSPC errors despite the filesystem
has plenty of free space.
Fix the problem by changing s_nr_groups' type to 'int'. That is enough
even for filesystems 2^32 blocks (UDF maximum) and 512-byte blocksize.
Reported-and-tested-by: v10lator@myway.de
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
This patch implements extent caching in case of file reading.
While reading a file, currently, UDF reads metadata serially
which takes a lot of time depending on the number of extents present
in the file. Caching last accessd extent improves metadata read time.
Instead of reading file metadata from start, now we read from
the cached extent.
This patch considerably improves the time spent by CPU in kernel mode.
For example, while reading a 10.9 GB file using dd:
Time before applying patch:
11677022208 bytes (10.9GB) copied, 1529.748921 seconds, 7.3MB/s
real 25m 29.85s
user 0m 12.41s
sys 15m 34.75s
Time after applying patch:
11677022208 bytes (10.9GB) copied, 1469.338231 seconds, 7.6MB/s
real 24m 29.44s
user 0m 15.73s
sys 3m 27.61s
[JK: Fix bh refcounting issues, simplify initialization]
Signed-off-by: Namjae Jeon <namjae.jeon@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Ashish Sangwan <a.sangwan@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Bonggil Bak <bgbak@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
So far we just marked the buffer as dirty and left writing on flusher thread
but especially on opening that opens possible race window where we could write
other modified fs structures to disk before we mark filesystem as open. So sync
LVID buffer to disk after opening and closing fs.
Reported-by: Steve Nickel <snickel58@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
This patch fixes a regression caused by commit bff943af6f "udf: Fix memory
leak when mounting" due to which it was triggering a kernel null point
dereference in case of interrupted mount OR when allocating memory to
sbi->s_partmaps failed in function udf_sb_alloc_partition_maps.
Reported-and-tested-by: James Hogan <james@albanarts.com>
Signed-off-by: Namjae Jeon <namjae.jeon@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Ashish Sangwan <a.sangwan@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
The variable last_block is not needed.
Signed-off-by: Namjae Jeon <namjae.jeon@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Ashish Sangwan <a.sangwan@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Incrementing lenExtents even while writing to a hole is bad
for performance as calls to udf_discard_prealloc and
udf_truncate_tail_extent would not return from start if
isize != lenExtents
Signed-off-by: Namjae Jeon <namjae.jeon@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Ashish Sangwan <a.sangwan@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Need to brelse the buffer_head stored in cur_epos and next_epos.
Signed-off-by: Namjae Jeon <namjae.jeon@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Ashish Sangwan <a.sangwan@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Pull ext3 & udf fixes from Jan Kara:
"Shortlog pretty much says it all.
The interesting bits are UDF support for direct IO and ext3 fix for a
long standing oops in data=journal mode."
* 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jack/linux-fs:
jbd: Fix assertion failure in commit code due to lacking transaction credits
UDF: Add support for O_DIRECT
ext3: Replace 0 with NULL for pointer in super.c file
udf: add writepages support for udf
ext3: don't clear orphan list on ro mount with errors
reiserfs: Make reiserfs_xattr_handlers static
Pull vfs update from Al Viro:
- big one - consolidation of descriptor-related logics; almost all of
that is moved to fs/file.c
(BTW, I'm seriously tempted to rename the result to fd.c. As it is,
we have a situation when file_table.c is about handling of struct
file and file.c is about handling of descriptor tables; the reasons
are historical - file_table.c used to be about a static array of
struct file we used to have way back).
A lot of stray ends got cleaned up and converted to saner primitives,
disgusting mess in android/binder.c is still disgusting, but at least
doesn't poke so much in descriptor table guts anymore. A bunch of
relatively minor races got fixed in process, plus an ext4 struct file
leak.
- related thing - fget_light() partially unuglified; see fdget() in
there (and yes, it generates the code as good as we used to have).
- also related - bits of Cyrill's procfs stuff that got entangled into
that work; _not_ all of it, just the initial move to fs/proc/fd.c and
switch of fdinfo to seq_file.
- Alex's fs/coredump.c spiltoff - the same story, had been easier to
take that commit than mess with conflicts. The rest is a separate
pile, this was just a mechanical code movement.
- a few misc patches all over the place. Not all for this cycle,
there'll be more (and quite a few currently sit in akpm's tree)."
Fix up trivial conflicts in the android binder driver, and some fairly
simple conflicts due to two different changes to the sock_alloc_file()
interface ("take descriptor handling from sock_alloc_file() to callers"
vs "net: Providing protocol type via system.sockprotoname xattr of
/proc/PID/fd entries" adding a dentry name to the socket)
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (72 commits)
MAX_LFS_FILESIZE should be a loff_t
compat: fs: Generic compat_sys_sendfile implementation
fs: push rcu_barrier() from deactivate_locked_super() to filesystems
btrfs: reada_extent doesn't need kref for refcount
coredump: move core dump functionality into its own file
coredump: prevent double-free on an error path in core dumper
usb/gadget: fix misannotations
fcntl: fix misannotations
ceph: don't abuse d_delete() on failure exits
hypfs: ->d_parent is never NULL or negative
vfs: delete surplus inode NULL check
switch simple cases of fget_light to fdget
new helpers: fdget()/fdput()
switch o2hb_region_dev_write() to fget_light()
proc_map_files_readdir(): don't bother with grabbing files
make get_file() return its argument
vhost_set_vring(): turn pollstart/pollstop into bool
switch prctl_set_mm_exe_file() to fget_light()
switch xfs_find_handle() to fget_light()
switch xfs_swapext() to fget_light()
...
There's no reason to call rcu_barrier() on every
deactivate_locked_super(). We only need to make sure that all delayed rcu
free inodes are flushed before we destroy related cache.
Removing rcu_barrier() from deactivate_locked_super() affects some fast
paths. E.g. on my machine exit_group() of a last process in IPC
namespace takes 0.07538s. rcu_barrier() takes 0.05188s of that time.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Pull user namespace changes from Eric Biederman:
"This is a mostly modest set of changes to enable basic user namespace
support. This allows the code to code to compile with user namespaces
enabled and removes the assumption there is only the initial user
namespace. Everything is converted except for the most complex of the
filesystems: autofs4, 9p, afs, ceph, cifs, coda, fuse, gfs2, ncpfs,
nfs, ocfs2 and xfs as those patches need a bit more review.
The strategy is to push kuid_t and kgid_t values are far down into
subsystems and filesystems as reasonable. Leaving the make_kuid and
from_kuid operations to happen at the edge of userspace, as the values
come off the disk, and as the values come in from the network.
Letting compile type incompatible compile errors (present when user
namespaces are enabled) guide me to find the issues.
The most tricky areas have been the places where we had an implicit
union of uid and gid values and were storing them in an unsigned int.
Those places were converted into explicit unions. I made certain to
handle those places with simple trivial patches.
Out of that work I discovered we have generic interfaces for storing
quota by projid. I had never heard of the project identifiers before.
Adding full user namespace support for project identifiers accounts
for most of the code size growth in my git tree.
Ultimately there will be work to relax privlige checks from
"capable(FOO)" to "ns_capable(user_ns, FOO)" where it is safe allowing
root in a user names to do those things that today we only forbid to
non-root users because it will confuse suid root applications.
While I was pushing kuid_t and kgid_t changes deep into the audit code
I made a few other cleanups. I capitalized on the fact we process
netlink messages in the context of the message sender. I removed
usage of NETLINK_CRED, and started directly using current->tty.
Some of these patches have also made it into maintainer trees, with no
problems from identical code from different trees showing up in
linux-next.
After reading through all of this code I feel like I might be able to
win a game of kernel trivial pursuit."
Fix up some fairly trivial conflicts in netfilter uid/git logging code.
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiederm/user-namespace: (107 commits)
userns: Convert the ufs filesystem to use kuid/kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert the udf filesystem to use kuid/kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert ubifs to use kuid/kgid
userns: Convert squashfs to use kuid/kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert reiserfs to use kuid and kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert jfs to use kuid/kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert jffs2 to use kuid and kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert hpfs to use kuid and kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert btrfs to use kuid/kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert bfs to use kuid/kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert affs to use kuid/kgid wherwe appropriate
userns: On alpha modify linux_to_osf_stat to use convert from kuids and kgids
userns: On ia64 deal with current_uid and current_gid being kuid and kgid
userns: On ppc convert current_uid from a kuid before printing.
userns: Convert s390 getting uid and gid system calls to use kuid and kgid
userns: Convert s390 hypfs to use kuid and kgid where appropriate
userns: Convert binder ipc to use kuids
userns: Teach security_path_chown to take kuids and kgids
userns: Add user namespace support to IMA
userns: Convert EVM to deal with kuids and kgids in it's hmac computation
...
Add support for the O_DIRECT flag. There are two cases to deal with:
1. Small files stored in the ICB (inode control block?): just return 0
from the new udf_adinicb_direct_IO() handler to fall back to buffered
I/O.
2. Larger files, not stored in the ICB: nothing special here. Just call
blockdev_direct_IO() from our new udf_direct_IO() handler and tidy up
any blocks instantiated outside i_size on error. This is pretty
standard. Factor error handling code out of udf_write_begin() into new
function udf_write_failed() so it can also be called by udf_direct_IO().
Also change the whitespace in udf_aops to make it a bit neater.
Signed-off-by: Ian Abbott <abbotti@mev.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
When a file is stored in ICB (inode), we overwrite part of the file, and
the page containing file's data is not in page cache, we end up corrupting
file's data by overwriting them with zeros. The problem is we use
simple_write_begin() which simply zeroes parts of the page which are not
written to. The problem has been introduced by be021ee4 (udf: convert to
new aops).
Fix the problem by providing a ->write_begin function which makes the page
properly uptodate.
CC: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # >= 2.6.24
Reported-by: Ian Abbott <abbotti@mev.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
In case we detect a problem and bail out, we fail to set "ret" to a
nonzero value, and udf_load_logicalvol will mistakenly report success.
Signed-off-by: Nikola Pajkovsky <npajkovs@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
If s_lvid_bh is not freed and set to NULL before re-scanning partition
with default block size, we might end up using wrong lvid in case
s_lvid_bh is not updated in udf_load_logicalvolint during rescan.
Signed-off-by: Ashish Sangwan <ashish.sangwan2@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Namjae Jeon <linkinjeon@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
If the new size is larger than the old size and the old file data was
stored in the ICB (iinfo->i_alloc_type == ICBTAG_FLAG_AD_IN_ICB) and the
new size still fits in the ICB, skip the call to udf_extend_file() as it
does not handle this i_alloc_type value (it calls BUG()).
Signed-off-by: Ian Abbott <abbotti@mev.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Pull misc udf, ext2, ext3, and isofs fixes from Jan Kara:
"Assorted, mostly trivial, fixes for udf, ext2, ext3, and isofs. I'm
on vacation and scarcely checking email since we are expecting baby
any day now but these fixes should be safe to go in and I don't want
to delay them unnecessarily."
* 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jack/linux-fs:
udf: avoid info leak on export
isofs: avoid info leak on export
udf: Improve table length check to avoid possible overflow
ext3: Check return value of blkdev_issue_flush()
jbd: Check return value of blkdev_issue_flush()
udf: Do not decrement i_blocks when freeing indirect extent block
udf: Fix memory leak when mounting
ext2: cleanup the confused goto label
UDF: Remove unnecessary variable "offset" from udf_fill_inode
udf: stop using s_dirt
ext3: force ro mount if ext3_setup_super() fails
quota: fix checkpatch.pl warning by replacing <asm/uaccess.h> with <linux/uaccess.h>
boolean "does it have to be exclusive?" flag is passed instead;
Local filesystem should just ignore it - the object is guaranteed
not to be there yet.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Just the flags; only NFS cares even about that, but there are
legitimate uses for such argument. And getting rid of that
completely would require splitting ->lookup() into a couple
of methods (at least), so let's leave that alone for now...
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
For type 0x51 the udf.parent_partref member in struct fid gets copied
uninitialized to userland. Fix this by initializing it to 0.
Signed-off-by: Mathias Krause <minipli@googlemail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
When a partition table length is corrupted to be close to 1 << 32, the
check for its length may overflow on 32-bit systems and we will think
the length is valid. Later on the kernel can crash trying to read beyond
end of buffer. Fix the check to avoid possible overflow.
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reported-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Indirect extent block is not accounted in i_blocks during allocation
thus we should not decrement i_blocks when we are freeing such block
during truncation.
Reported-by: Steve Nickel <snickel58@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
When we are mounting filesystem, we can load one partition table before
finding out that we cannot complete processing of logical volume descriptor
and trying the reserve descriptor. Free the table properly before trying
the reserve descriptor.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
The variable "offset" is not needed. Remove it.
Signed-off-by: Ashish Sangwan <ashish.sangwan2@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Namjae Jeon <linkinjeon@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
The UDF file-system does not need the 's_dirt' superblock flag because it does
not define the 'write_super()' method. This flag was set to 1 in few places and
set to 0 in '->sync_fs()' and was basically useless. Stop using it because it
is on its way out.
Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Pull UDF fixes from Jan Kara:
"Make UDF more robust in presence of corrupted filesystem"
* 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jack/linux-fs:
udf: Fortify loading of sparing table
udf: Avoid run away loop when partition table length is corrupted
udf: Use 'ret' instead of abusing 'i' in udf_load_logicalvol()
Check provided length of partition table so that (possibly maliciously)
corrupted partition table cannot cause accessing data beyond current buffer.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
pass inode + parent's inode or NULL instead of dentry + bool saying
whether we want the parent or not.
NOTE: that needs ceph fix folded in.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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Merge tag 'writeback' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/wfg/linux
Pull writeback tree from Wu Fengguang:
"Mainly from Jan Kara to avoid iput() in the flusher threads."
* tag 'writeback' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/wfg/linux:
writeback: Avoid iput() from flusher thread
vfs: Rename end_writeback() to clear_inode()
vfs: Move waiting for inode writeback from end_writeback() to evict_inode()
writeback: Refactor writeback_single_inode()
writeback: Remove wb->list_lock from writeback_single_inode()
writeback: Separate inode requeueing after writeback
writeback: Move I_DIRTY_PAGES handling
writeback: Move requeueing when I_SYNC set to writeback_sb_inodes()
writeback: Move clearing of I_SYNC into inode_sync_complete()
writeback: initialize global_dirty_limit
fs: remove 8 bytes of padding from struct writeback_control on 64 bit builds
mm: page-writeback.c: local functions should not be exposed globally
This allows comparing hash and len in one operation on 64-bit
architectures. Right now only __d_lookup_rcu() takes advantage of this,
since that is the case we care most about.
The use of anonymous struct/unions hides the alternate 64-bit approach
from most users, the exception being a few cases where we initialize a
'struct qstr' with a static initializer. This makes the problematic
cases use a new QSTR_INIT() helper function for that (but initializing
just the name pointer with a "{ .name = xyzzy }" initializer remains
valid, as does just copying another qstr structure).
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
After we moved inode_sync_wait() from end_writeback() it doesn't make sense
to call the function end_writeback() anymore. Rename it to clear_inode()
which well says what the function really does - set I_CLEAR flag.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Pull ext3, UDF, and quota fixes from Jan Kara:
"A couple of ext3 & UDF fixes and also one improvement in quota
locking."
* 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jack/linux-fs:
ext3: fix start and len arguments handling in ext3_trim_fs()
udf: Fix deadlock in udf_release_file()
udf: Fix file entry logicalBlocksRecorded
udf: Fix handling of i_blocks
quota: Make quota code not call tty layer with dqptr_sem held
udf: Init/maintain file entry checkpoint field
ext3: Update ctime in ext3_splice_branch() only when needed
ext3: Don't call dquot_free_block() if we don't update anything
udf: Remove unnecessary OOM messages
Pull vfs pile 1 from Al Viro:
"This is _not_ all; in particular, Miklos' and Jan's stuff is not there
yet."
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (64 commits)
ext4: initialization of ext4_li_mtx needs to be done earlier
debugfs-related mode_t whack-a-mole
hfsplus: add an ioctl to bless files
hfsplus: change finder_info to u32
hfsplus: initialise userflags
qnx4: new helper - try_extent()
qnx4: get rid of qnx4_bread/qnx4_getblk
take removal of PF_FORKNOEXEC to flush_old_exec()
trim includes in inode.c
um: uml_dup_mmap() relies on ->mmap_sem being held, but activate_mm() doesn't hold it
um: embed ->stub_pages[] into mmu_context
gadgetfs: list_for_each_safe() misuse
ocfs2: fix leaks on failure exits in module_init
ecryptfs: make register_filesystem() the last potential failure exit
ntfs: forgets to unregister sysctls on register_filesystem() failure
logfs: missing cleanup on register_filesystem() failure
jfs: mising cleanup on register_filesystem() failure
make configfs_pin_fs() return root dentry on success
configfs: configfs_create_dir() has parent dentry in dentry->d_parent
configfs: sanitize configfs_create()
...
New field of struct super_block - ->s_max_links. Maximal allowed
value of ->i_nlink or 0; in the latter case all checks still need
to be done in ->link/->mkdir/->rename instances. Note that this
limit applies both to directoris and to non-directories.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
udf_release_file() can be called from munmap() path with mmap_sem held. Thus
we cannot take i_mutex there because that ranks above mmap_sem. Luckily,
i_mutex is not needed in udf_release_file() anymore since protection by
i_data_sem is enough to protect from races with write and truncate.
Reported-by: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk>
Reviewed-by: Namjae Jeon <linkinjeon@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
udf_release_file() can be called from munmap() path with mmap_sem held. Thus
we cannot take i_mutex there because that ranks above mmap_sem. Luckily,
i_mutex is not needed in udf_release_file() anymore since protection by
i_data_sem is enough to protect from races with write and truncate.
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org (2.6.38 & later)
Reported-by: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk>
Reviewed-by: Namjae Jeon <linkinjeon@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
ECMA 1.67 requires setting logicalBlocksRecorded to zero if the file
has no extents. This should be checked in udf_update_inode().
udf_fill_inode() will then take care of itself.
Signed-off-by: Steven P. Nickel <snickel@focusinfo.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Commit 36350462 removed unused quota support from UDF. As an unfortunate
sideeffect it also removed updates of i_blocks so all files had i_block == 0.
Fix the problem by returning updates of file space back to UDF allocation and
freeing functions.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
In accordance with ECMA 1.67 Part 4, 14.9.15, the checkpoint field
should be initialized to 1 at creation. (Zero is *not* a valid value.)
Signed-off-by: Steven P. Nickel <snickel@focusinfo.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Per call site OOM messages are unnecessary.
k.alloc and v.alloc failures use dump_stack().
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
* 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jack/linux-fs:
ext2/3/4: delete unneeded includes of module.h
ext{3,4}: Fix potential race when setversion ioctl updates inode
udf: Mark LVID buffer as uptodate before marking it dirty
ext3: Don't warn from writepage when readonly inode is spotted after error
jbd: Remove j_barrier mutex
reiserfs: Force inode evictions before umount to avoid crash
reiserfs: Fix quota mount option parsing
udf: Treat symlink component of type 2 as /
udf: Fix deadlock when converting file from in-ICB one to normal one
udf: Cleanup calling convention of inode_getblk()
ext2: Fix error handling on inode bitmap corruption
ext3: Fix error handling on inode bitmap corruption
ext3: replace ll_rw_block with other functions
ext3: NULL dereference in ext3_evict_inode()
jbd: clear revoked flag on buffers before a new transaction started
ext3: call ext3_mark_recovery_complete() when recovery is really needed
When we hit EIO while writing LVID, the buffer uptodate bit is cleared.
This then results in an anoying warning from mark_buffer_dirty() when we
write the buffer again. So just set uptodate flag unconditionally.
Reviewed-by: Namjae Jeon <linkinjeon@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Currently, we ignore symlink component of type 2. But mkisofs and other OS'
seem to treat it as / so do the same for compatibility.
Reported-by: "Gábor S." <otnaccess@hotmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
During BKL removal in 2.6.38, conversion of files from in-ICB format to normal
format got broken. We call ->writepage with i_data_sem held but udf_get_block()
also acquires i_data_sem thus creating A-A deadlock.
We fix the problem by dropping i_data_sem before calling ->writepage() which is
safe since i_mutex still protects us against any changes in the file. Also fix
pagelock - i_data_sem lock inversion in udf_expand_file_adinicb() by dropping
i_data_sem before calling find_or_create_page().
CC: stable@kernel.org
Reported-by: Matthias Matiak <netzpython@mail-on.us>
Tested-by: Matthias Matiak <netzpython@mail-on.us>
Reviewed-by: Namjae Jeon <linkinjeon@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
inode_getblk() always returned NULL and passed results in its parameters.
Make the function return something useful - found block number.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Jan Kara
Fabian Frederick
Al Viro
Chao Yu
Andy Shevchenko
Linus Torvalds
Johannes Weiner
Theodore Ts'o
Peter A. Felvegi
Kirill A. Shutemov
Kent Overstreet
Eric W. Biederman
Zhao Hongjiang
Namjae Jeon
Ian Abbott
Namjae Jeon
Nikola Pajkovsky
Ashish Sangwan
Mathias Krause
Artem Bityutskiy
Cong Wang
Steve Nickel
Joe Perches