Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Rename __down_read() in __down_read_common() and teach it
to abort waiting in case of pending signals and killable
state argument passed.
Note, that we shouldn't wake anybody up in EINTR path, as:
We check for signal_pending_state() after (!waiter.task)
test and under spinlock. So, current task wasn't able to
be woken up. It may be in two cases: a writer is owner
of the sem, or a writer is a first waiter of the sem.
If a writer is owner of the sem, no one else may work
with it in parallel. It will wake somebody, when it
call up_write() or downgrade_write().
If a writer is the first waiter, it will be woken up,
when the last active reader releases the sem, and
sem->count became 0.
Also note, that set_current_state() may be moved down
to schedule() (after !waiter.task check), as all
assignments in this type of semaphore (including wake_up),
occur under spinlock, so we can't miss anything.
Signed-off-by: Kirill Tkhai <ktkhai@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: arnd@arndb.de
Cc: avagin@virtuozzo.com
Cc: davem@davemloft.net
Cc: fenghua.yu@intel.com
Cc: gorcunov@virtuozzo.com
Cc: heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com
Cc: hpa@zytor.com
Cc: ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru
Cc: mattst88@gmail.com
Cc: rth@twiddle.net
Cc: schwidefsky@de.ibm.com
Cc: tony.luck@intel.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/149789533283.9059.9829416940494747182.stgit@localhost.localdomain
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Introduce a generic implementation necessary for down_write_killable().
This is a trivial extension of the already existing down_write() call
which can be interrupted by SIGKILL. This patch doesn't provide
down_write_killable() yet because arches have to provide the necessary
pieces before.
rwsem_down_write_failed() which is a generic slow path for the
write lock is extended to take a task state and renamed to
__rwsem_down_write_failed_common(). The return value is either a valid
semaphore pointer or ERR_PTR(-EINTR).
rwsem_down_write_failed_killable() is exported as a new way to wait for
the lock and be killable.
For rwsem-spinlock implementation the current __down_write() it updated
in a similar way as __rwsem_down_write_failed_common() except it doesn't
need new exports just visible __down_write_killable().
Architectures which are not using the generic rwsem implementation are
supposed to provide their __down_write_killable() implementation and
use rwsem_down_write_failed_killable() for the slow path.
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de>
Cc: Signed-off-by: Jason Low <jason.low2@hp.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: linux-alpha@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-ia64@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-s390@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-sh@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-xtensa@linux-xtensa.org
Cc: sparclinux@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1460041951-22347-7-git-send-email-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
This is no longer used anywhere and all callers (__down_write()) use
0 as a subclass. Ditch __down_write_nested() to make the code easier
to follow.
This shouldn't introduce any functional change.
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de>
Cc: Signed-off-by: Jason Low <jason.low2@hp.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: linux-alpha@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-ia64@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-s390@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-sh@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-xtensa@linux-xtensa.org
Cc: sparclinux@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1460041951-22347-2-git-send-email-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
There are two definitions of struct rw_semaphore, one in linux/rwsem.h
and one in linux/rwsem-spinlock.h.
For some reason they have different names for the initial field. This
makes it impossible to use C99 named initialization for
__RWSEM_INITIALIZER() -- or we have to duplicate that entire thing
along with the structure definitions.
The simpler patch is renaming the rwsem-spinlock variant to match the
regular rwsem.
This allows us to switch to C99 named initialization.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-bmrZolsbGmautmzrerog27io@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
There is no reason to allow the lock protecting rwsems (the
ownerless variant) to be preemptible on -rt. Convert it to raw.
In mainline this change documents the low level nature of
the lock - otherwise there's no functional difference. Lockdep
and Sparse checking will work as usual.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The rwsem initializers and related macros and functions are mostly the
same. Some of them lack the lockdep initializer, but having it in
place does not matter for architectures which do not support lockdep.
powerpc, sparc, x86: No functional change
sh, s390: Removes the duplicate init_rwsem (inline and #define)
alpha, ia64, xtensa: Use the lockdep capable init function in
lib/rwsem.c which is just uninlining the init
function for the LOCKDEP=n case
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Acked-by: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
LKML-Reference: <20110126195833.771812729@linutronix.de>
All rwsem implementations include the same headers. Include them from
include/linux/rwsem.h
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Acked-by: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
LKML-Reference: <20110126195833.483520950@linutronix.de>
rwsem_is_locked() tests ->activity without locks, so we should always keep
->activity consistent. However, the code in __rwsem_do_wake() breaks this
rule, it updates ->activity after _all_ readers waken up, this may give
some reader a wrong ->activity value, thus cause rwsem_is_locked() behaves
wrong.
Quote from Andrew:
"
- we have one or more processes sleeping in down_read(), waiting for access.
- we wake one or more processes up without altering ->activity
- they start to run and they do rwsem_is_locked(). This incorrectly
returns "false", because the waker process is still crunching away in
__rwsem_do_wake().
- the waker now alters ->activity, but it was too late.
"
So we need get a spinlock to protect this. And rwsem_is_locked() should
not block, thus we use spin_trylock_irqsave().
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: simplify code]
Reported-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Cc: Ben Woodard <bwoodard@llnl.gov>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: WANG Cong <amwang@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
FASTCALL() is always expanded to empty, remove it.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Harvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Name some of the remaning 'old_style_spin_init' locks
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Use the lock validator framework to prove rwsem locking correctness.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Add sem_is_read/write_locked functions to the read/write semaphores, along the
same lines of the *_is_locked spinlock functions. The swap token tuning patch
uses sem_is_read_locked; sem_is_write_locked is added for completeness.
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
Greg Kroah-Hartman
Kirill Tkhai
Michal Hocko
Peter Zijlstra
Thomas Gleixner
Amerigo Wang
Harvey Harrison
Peter Zijlstra
Ingo Molnar
Rik Van Riel
Linus Torvalds