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Автор SHA1 Сообщение Дата
Nick Desaulniers 1e1b6d63d6 lib/string.c: implement stpcpy
LLVM implemented a recent "libcall optimization" that lowers calls to
`sprintf(dest, "%s", str)` where the return value is used to
`stpcpy(dest, str) - dest`.

This generally avoids the machinery involved in parsing format strings.
`stpcpy` is just like `strcpy` except it returns the pointer to the new
tail of `dest`.  This optimization was introduced into clang-12.

Implement this so that we don't observe linkage failures due to missing
symbol definitions for `stpcpy`.

Similar to last year's fire drill with: commit 5f074f3e19
("lib/string.c: implement a basic bcmp")

The kernel is somewhere between a "freestanding" environment (no full
libc) and "hosted" environment (many symbols from libc exist with the
same type, function signature, and semantics).

As Peter Anvin notes, there's not really a great way to inform the
compiler that you're targeting a freestanding environment but would like
to opt-in to some libcall optimizations (see pr/47280 below), rather
than opt-out.

Arvind notes, -fno-builtin-* behaves slightly differently between GCC
and Clang, and Clang is missing many __builtin_* definitions, which I
consider a bug in Clang and am working on fixing.

Masahiro summarizes the subtle distinction between compilers justly:
  To prevent transformation from foo() into bar(), there are two ways in
  Clang to do that; -fno-builtin-foo, and -fno-builtin-bar.  There is
  only one in GCC; -fno-buitin-foo.

(Any difference in that behavior in Clang is likely a bug from a missing
__builtin_* definition.)

Masahiro also notes:
  We want to disable optimization from foo() to bar(),
  but we may still benefit from the optimization from
  foo() into something else. If GCC implements the same transform, we
  would run into a problem because it is not -fno-builtin-bar, but
  -fno-builtin-foo that disables that optimization.

  In this regard, -fno-builtin-foo would be more future-proof than
  -fno-built-bar, but -fno-builtin-foo is still potentially overkill. We
  may want to prevent calls from foo() being optimized into calls to
  bar(), but we still may want other optimization on calls to foo().

It seems that compilers today don't quite provide the fine grain control
over which libcall optimizations pseudo-freestanding environments would
prefer.

Finally, Kees notes that this interface is unsafe, so we should not
encourage its use.  As such, I've removed the declaration from any
header, but it still needs to be exported to avoid linkage errors in
modules.

Reported-by: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com>
Suggested-by: Andy Lavr <andy.lavr@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Suggested-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Suggested-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Suggested-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Tested-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200914161643.938408-1-ndesaulniers@google.com
Link: https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=47162
Link: https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=47280
Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/1126
Link: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/stpcpy.3.html
Link: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/stpcpy.html
Link: https://reviews.llvm.org/D85963
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-09-26 10:33:57 -07:00
Alexandru Ardelean c11d3fa011 lib/string.c: update match_string() doc-strings with correct behavior
There were a few attempts at changing behavior of the match_string()
helpers (i.e.  'match_string()' & 'sysfs_match_string()'), to change &
extend the behavior according to the doc-string.

But the simplest approach is to just fix the doc-strings.  The current
behavior is fine as-is, and some bugs were introduced trying to fix it.

As for extending the behavior, new helpers can always be introduced if
needed.

The match_string() helpers behave more like 'strncmp()' in the sense
that they go up to n elements or until the first NULL element in the
array of strings.

This change updates the doc-strings with this info.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200213072722.8249-1-alexandru.ardelean@analog.com
Signed-off-by: Alexandru Ardelean <alexandru.ardelean@analog.com>
Acked-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: "Tobin C . Harding" <tobin@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-02-21 11:22:15 -08:00
Yury Norov 0bee0cece2 lib/string: add strnchrnul()
Patch series "lib: rework bitmap_parse", v5.

Similarl to the recently revisited bitmap_parselist(), bitmap_parse() is
ineffective and overcomplicated.  This series reworks it, aligns its
interface with bitmap_parselist() and makes it simpler to use.

The series also adds a test for the function and fixes usage of it in
cpumask_parse() according to the new design - drops the calculating of
length of an input string.

bitmap_parse() takes the array of numbers to be put into the map in the BE
order which is reversed to the natural LE order for bitmaps.  For example,
to construct bitmap containing a bit on the position 42, we have to put a
line '400,0'.  Current implementation reads chunk one by one from the
beginning ('400' before '0') and makes bitmap shift after each successful
parse.  It makes the complexity of the whole process as O(n^2).  We can do
it in reverse direction ('0' before '400') and avoid shifting, but it
requires reverse parsing helpers.

This patch (of 7):

New function works like strchrnul() with a length limited string.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200102043031.30357-2-yury.norov@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Yury Norov <yury.norov@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Amritha Nambiar <amritha.nambiar@intel.com>
Cc: Willem de Bruijn <willemb@google.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: "Tobin C . Harding" <tobin@kernel.org>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
Cc: Vineet Gupta <vineet.gupta1@synopsys.com>
Cc: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Steffen Klassert <steffen.klassert@secunet.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-02-04 03:05:26 +00:00
Arvind Sankar bec5007770 lib/string: Make memzero_explicit() inline instead of external
With the use of the barrier implied by barrier_data(), there is no need
for memzero_explicit() to be extern. Making it inline saves the overhead
of a function call, and allows the code to be reused in arch/*/purgatory
without having to duplicate the implementation.

Tested-by: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: H . Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephan Mueller <smueller@chronox.de>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-s390@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 906a4bb97f ("crypto: sha256 - Use get/put_unaligned_be32 to get input, memzero_explicit")
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191007220000.GA408752@rani.riverdale.lan
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2019-10-08 13:27:05 +02:00
Kees Cook 9a15646614 strscpy: reject buffer sizes larger than INT_MAX
As already done for snprintf(), add a check in strscpy() for giant (i.e.
likely negative and/or miscalculated) copy sizes, WARN, and error out.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/201907260928.23DE35406@keescook
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Yann Droneaud <ydroneaud@opteya.com>
Cc: David Laight <David.Laight@aculab.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Stephen Kitt <steve@sk2.org>
Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-09-25 17:51:39 -07:00
Joe Perches 917cda2790 kernel-doc: core-api: include string.h into core-api
core-api should show all the various string functions including the newly
added stracpy and stracpy_pad.

Miscellanea:

o Update the Returns: value for strscpy
o fix a defect with %NUL)

[joe@perches.com: correct return of -E2BIG descriptions]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/29f998b4c1a9d69fbeae70500ba0daa4b340c546.1563889130.git.joe@perches.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/224a6ebf39955f4107c0c376d66155d970e46733.1563841972.git.joe@perches.com
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Stephen Kitt <steve@sk2.org>
Cc: Nitin Gote <nitin.r.gote@intel.com>
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <rasmus.villemoes@prevas.dk>
Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-09-25 17:51:39 -07:00
Peter Rosin b09757104e lib/string.c: allow searching for NUL with strnchr
Patch series "lib/string: search for NUL with strchr/strnchr".

I noticed an inconsistency where strchr and strnchr do not behave the
same with respect to the trailing NUL.  strchr is standardised and the
kernel function conforms, and the kernel relies on the behavior.  So,
naturally strchr stays as-is and strnchr is what I change.

While writing a few tests to verify that my new strnchr loop was sane, I
noticed that the tests for memset16/32/64 had a problem.  Since it's all
about the lib/string.c file I made a short series of it all...

This patch (of 3):

strchr considers the terminating NUL to be part of the string, and NUL
can thus be searched for with that function.  For consistency, do the
same with strnchr.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190506124634.6807-2-peda@axentia.se
Signed-off-by: Peter Rosin <peda@axentia.se>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-07-16 19:23:22 -07:00
Tobin C. Harding 458a3bf82d lib/string: Add strscpy_pad() function
We have a function to copy strings safely and we have a function to copy
strings and zero the tail of the destination (if source string is
shorter than destination buffer) but we do not have a function to do
both at once.  This means developers must write this themselves if they
desire this functionality.  This is a chore, and also leaves us open to
off by one errors unnecessarily.

Add a function that calls strscpy() then memset()s the tail to zero if
the source string is shorter than the destination buffer.

Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Tobin C. Harding <tobin@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
2019-04-08 16:44:21 -06:00
Nick Desaulniers 5f074f3e19 lib/string.c: implement a basic bcmp
A recent optimization in Clang (r355672) lowers comparisons of the
return value of memcmp against zero to comparisons of the return value
of bcmp against zero.  This helps some platforms that implement bcmp
more efficiently than memcmp.  glibc simply aliases bcmp to memcmp, but
an optimized implementation is in the works.

This results in linkage failures for all targets with Clang due to the
undefined symbol.  For now, just implement bcmp as a tailcail to memcmp
to unbreak the build.  This routine can be further optimized in the
future.

Other ideas discussed:

 * A weak alias was discussed, but breaks for architectures that define
   their own implementations of memcmp since aliases to declarations are
   not permitted (only definitions). Arch-specific memcmp
   implementations typically declare memcmp in C headers, but implement
   them in assembly.

 * -ffreestanding also is used sporadically throughout the kernel.

 * -fno-builtin-bcmp doesn't work when doing LTO.

Link: https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=41035
Link: https://code.woboq.org/userspace/glibc/string/memcmp.c.html#bcmp
Link: 8e16d73346
Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/416
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190313211335.165605-1-ndesaulniers@google.com
Signed-off-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Reported-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org>
Suggested-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Suggested-by: James Y Knight <jyknight@google.com>
Suggested-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Suggested-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: David Laight <David.Laight@ACULAB.COM>
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-04-05 16:02:30 -10:00
Alexander Shishkin 93048c0944 lib: Fix ia64 bootloader linkage
kbuild robot reports that since commit ce76d938dd ("lib: Add memcat_p():
paste 2 pointer arrays together") the ia64/hp/sim/boot fails to link:

> LD      arch/ia64/hp/sim/boot/bootloader
> lib/string.o: In function `__memcat_p':
> string.c:(.text+0x1f22): undefined reference to `__kmalloc'
> string.c:(.text+0x1ff2): undefined reference to `__kmalloc'
> make[1]: *** [arch/ia64/hp/sim/boot/Makefile:37: arch/ia64/hp/sim/boot/bootloader] Error 1

The reason is, the above commit, via __memcat_p(), adds a call to
__kmalloc to string.o, which happens to be used in the bootloader, but
there's no kmalloc or slab or anything.

Since the linker would only pull in objects that contain referenced
symbols, moving __memcat_p() to a different compilation unit solves the
problem.

Fixes: ce76d938dd ("lib: Add memcat_p(): paste 2 pointer arrays together")
Signed-off-by: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Reported-by: kbuild test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2018-10-16 13:45:44 +02:00
Alexander Shishkin ce76d938dd lib: Add memcat_p(): paste 2 pointer arrays together
This adds a helper to paste 2 pointer arrays together, useful for merging
various types of attribute arrays. There are a few places in the kernel
tree where this is open coded, and I just added one more in the STM class.

The naming is inspired by memset_p() and memcat(), and partial credit for
it goes to Andy Shevchenko.

This patch adds the function wrapped in a type-enforcing macro and a test
module.

Signed-off-by: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Tested-by: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2018-10-11 12:12:55 +02:00
Andrey Ryabinin 1a3241ff10 lib/strscpy: Shut up KASAN false-positives in strscpy()
strscpy() performs the word-at-a-time optimistic reads.  So it may may
access the memory past the end of the object, which is perfectly fine
since strscpy() doesn't use that (past-the-end) data and makes sure the
optimistic read won't cross a page boundary.

Use new read_word_at_a_time() to shut up the KASAN.

Note that this potentially could hide some bugs.  In example bellow,
stscpy() will copy more than we should (1-3 extra uninitialized bytes):

        char dst[8];
        char *src;

        src = kmalloc(5, GFP_KERNEL);
        memset(src, 0xff, 5);
        strscpy(dst, src, 8);

Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-02-01 12:20:21 -08:00
Geert Uytterhoeven d6b28e0996 lib: add module support to string tests
Extract the string test code into its own source file, to allow
compiling it either to a loadable module, or built into the kernel.

Fixes: 03270c13c5 ("lib/string.c: add testcases for memset16/32/64")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1505397744-3387-1-git-send-email-geert@linux-m68k.org
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-11-17 16:10:01 -08:00
Greg Kroah-Hartman b24413180f License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
Dan Carpenter da43652826 lib/string.c: check for kmalloc() failure
This is mostly to keep the number of static checker warnings down so we
can spot new bugs instead of them being drowned in noise.  This function
doesn't return normal kernel error codes but instead the return value is
used to display exactly which memory failed.  I chose -1 as hopefully
that's a helpful thing to print.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170817115420.uikisjvfmtrqkzjn@mwanda
Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Cc: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@kernel.org>
Cc: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Daniel Micay <danielmicay@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-09-08 18:26:49 -07:00
Matthew Wilcox 03270c13c5 lib/string.c: add testcases for memset16/32/64
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: minor tweaks]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170720184539.31609-3-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: "James E.J. Bottomley" <jejb@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: "Martin K. Petersen" <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Russell King <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-09-08 18:26:48 -07:00
Matthew Wilcox 3b3c4babd8 lib/string.c: add multibyte memset functions
Patch series "Multibyte memset variations", v4.

A relatively common idiom we're missing is a function to fill an area of
memory with a pattern which is larger than a single byte.  I first
noticed this with a zram patch which wanted to fill a page with an
'unsigned long' value.  There turn out to be quite a few places in the
kernel which can benefit from using an optimised function rather than a
loop; sometimes text size, sometimes speed, and sometimes both.  The
optimised PowerPC version (not included here) improves performance by
about 30% on POWER8 on just the raw memset_l().

Most of the extra lines of code come from the three testcases I added.

This patch (of 8):

memset16(), memset32() and memset64() are like memset(), but allow the
caller to fill the destination with a value larger than a single byte.
memset_l() and memset_p() allow the caller to use unsigned long and
pointer values respectively.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170720184539.31609-2-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: "James E.J. Bottomley" <jejb@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: "Martin K. Petersen" <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Russell King <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-09-08 18:26:48 -07:00
Daniel Micay 6974f0c455 include/linux/string.h: add the option of fortified string.h functions
This adds support for compiling with a rough equivalent to the glibc
_FORTIFY_SOURCE=1 feature, providing compile-time and runtime buffer
overflow checks for string.h functions when the compiler determines the
size of the source or destination buffer at compile-time.  Unlike glibc,
it covers buffer reads in addition to writes.

GNU C __builtin_*_chk intrinsics are avoided because they would force a
much more complex implementation.  They aren't designed to detect read
overflows and offer no real benefit when using an implementation based
on inline checks.  Inline checks don't add up to much code size and
allow full use of the regular string intrinsics while avoiding the need
for a bunch of _chk functions and per-arch assembly to avoid wrapper
overhead.

This detects various overflows at compile-time in various drivers and
some non-x86 core kernel code.  There will likely be issues caught in
regular use at runtime too.

Future improvements left out of initial implementation for simplicity,
as it's all quite optional and can be done incrementally:

* Some of the fortified string functions (strncpy, strcat), don't yet
  place a limit on reads from the source based on __builtin_object_size of
  the source buffer.

* Extending coverage to more string functions like strlcat.

* It should be possible to optionally use __builtin_object_size(x, 1) for
  some functions (C strings) to detect intra-object overflows (like
  glibc's _FORTIFY_SOURCE=2), but for now this takes the conservative
  approach to avoid likely compatibility issues.

* The compile-time checks should be made available via a separate config
  option which can be enabled by default (or always enabled) once enough
  time has passed to get the issues it catches fixed.

Kees said:
 "This is great to have. While it was out-of-tree code, it would have
  blocked at least CVE-2016-3858 from being exploitable (improper size
  argument to strlcpy()). I've sent a number of fixes for
  out-of-bounds-reads that this detected upstream already"

[arnd@arndb.de: x86: fix fortified memcpy]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170627150047.660360-1-arnd@arndb.de
[keescook@chromium.org: avoid panic() in favor of BUG()]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170626235122.GA25261@beast
[keescook@chromium.org: move from -mm, add ARCH_HAS_FORTIFY_SOURCE, tweak Kconfig help]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170526095404.20439-1-danielmicay@gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1497903987-21002-8-git-send-email-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Daniel Micay <danielmicay@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@ezchip.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-07-12 16:26:03 -07:00
Linus Torvalds 8f28472a73 USB patches for 4.12-rc1
Here is the big USB patchset for 4.12-rc1.
 
 Lots of good stuff here, after many many many attempts, the kernel
 finally has a working typeC interface, many thanks to the Heikki and
 Guenter and others who have taken the time to get this merged.  It
 wasn't an easy path for them at all.
 
 There's also a staging driver that uses this new api, which is why it's
 coming in through this tree.
 
 Along with that, there's the usual huge number of changes for gadget
 drivers, xhci, and other stuff.  Johan also finally refactored pretty
 much every driver that was looking at USB endpoints to do it in a common
 way, which will help prevent any "badly-formed" devices from causing
 problems in drivers.  That too wasn't a simple task.
 
 All of these have been in linux-next for a while with no reported
 issues.
 
 Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Merge tag 'usb-4.12-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/usb

Pull USB updates from Greg KH:
 "Here is the big USB patchset for 4.12-rc1.

  Lots of good stuff here, after many many many attempts, the kernel
  finally has a working typeC interface, many thanks to Heikki and
  Guenter and others who have taken the time to get this merged. It
  wasn't an easy path for them at all.

  There's also a staging driver that uses this new api, which is why
  it's coming in through this tree.

  Along with that, there's the usual huge number of changes for gadget
  drivers, xhci, and other stuff. Johan also finally refactored pretty
  much every driver that was looking at USB endpoints to do it in a
  common way, which will help prevent any "badly-formed" devices from
  causing problems in drivers. That too wasn't a simple task.

  All of these have been in linux-next for a while with no reported
  issues"

* tag 'usb-4.12-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/usb: (263 commits)
  staging: typec: Fairchild FUSB302 Type-c chip driver
  staging: typec: Type-C Port Controller Interface driver (tcpci)
  staging: typec: USB Type-C Port Manager (tcpm)
  usb: host: xhci: remove #ifdef around PM functions
  usb: musb: don't mark of_dev_auxdata as initdata
  usb: misc: legousbtower: Fix buffers on stack
  USB: Revert "cdc-wdm: fix "out-of-sync" due to missing notifications"
  usb: Make sure usb/phy/of gets built-in
  USB: storage: e-mail update in drivers/usb/storage/unusual_devs.h
  usb: host: xhci: print correct command ring address
  usb: host: xhci: delete sp_dma_buffers for scratchpad
  usb: host: xhci: using correct specification chapter reference for DCBAAP
  xhci: switch to pci_alloc_irq_vectors
  usb: host: xhci-plat: set resume_quirk() for R-Car controllers
  usb: host: xhci-plat: add resume_quirk()
  usb: host: xhci-plat: enable clk in resume timing
  usb: host: plat: Enable xHCI plat runtime PM
  USB: serial: ftdi_sio: add device ID for Microsemi/Arrow SF2PLUS Dev Kit
  USB: serial: constify static arrays
  usb: fix some references for /proc/bus/usb
  ...
2017-05-04 18:03:51 -07:00
mchehab@s-opensource.com 0e056eb553 kernel-api.rst: fix a series of errors when parsing C files
./lib/string.c:134: WARNING: Inline emphasis start-string without end-string.
./mm/filemap.c:522: WARNING: Inline interpreted text or phrase reference start-string without end-string.
./mm/filemap.c:1283: ERROR: Unexpected indentation.
./mm/filemap.c:3003: WARNING: Inline interpreted text or phrase reference start-string without end-string.
./mm/vmalloc.c:1544: WARNING: Inline emphasis start-string without end-string.
./mm/page_alloc.c:4245: ERROR: Unexpected indentation.
./ipc/util.c:676: ERROR: Unexpected indentation.
./drivers/pci/irq.c:35: WARNING: Block quote ends without a blank line; unexpected unindent.
./security/security.c:109: ERROR: Unexpected indentation.
./security/security.c:110: WARNING: Definition list ends without a blank line; unexpected unindent.
./block/genhd.c:275: WARNING: Inline strong start-string without end-string.
./block/genhd.c:283: WARNING: Inline strong start-string without end-string.
./include/linux/clk.h:134: WARNING: Inline emphasis start-string without end-string.
./include/linux/clk.h:134: WARNING: Inline emphasis start-string without end-string.
./ipc/util.c:477: ERROR: Unknown target name: "s".

Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Acked-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
2017-04-02 14:31:49 -06:00
Heikki Krogerus e1fe7b6a7b lib/string: add sysfs_match_string helper
Make a simple helper for matching strings with sysfs
attribute files. In most parts the same as match_string(),
except sysfs_match_string() uses sysfs_streq() instead of
strcmp() for matching. This is more convenient when used
with sysfs attributes.

Signed-off-by: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Felipe Balbi <felipe.balbi@linux.intel.com>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-03-23 13:48:44 +01:00
Kees Cook ef95159907 lib: move strtobool() to kstrtobool()
Create the kstrtobool_from_user() helper and move strtobool() logic into
the new kstrtobool() (matching all the other kstrto* functions).
Provides an inline wrapper for existing strtobool() callers.

Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Andy Shevchenko <andy.shevchenko@gmail.com>
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Amitkumar Karwar <akarwar@marvell.com>
Cc: Nishant Sarmukadam <nishants@marvell.com>
Cc: Kalle Valo <kvalo@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Steve French <sfrench@samba.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-17 15:09:34 -07:00
Andy Shevchenko 56b060814e lib/string: introduce match_string() helper
Occasionally we have to search for an occurrence of a string in an array
of strings.  Make a simple helper for that purpose.

Signed-off-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
Cc: David Airlie <airlied@linux.ie>
Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Cc: Dmitry Eremin-Solenikov <dbaryshkov@gmail.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
Cc: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Cc: Sebastian Reichel <sre@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-17 15:09:34 -07:00
Andy Shevchenko 3368e8fbcd lib/string.c: add ULL suffix to the constant definition
8-byte constant is too big for long and compiler complains about this.

  lib/string.c:907:20: warning: constant 0x0101010101010101 is so big it is long

Append ULL suffix to explicitly show its type.

Signed-off-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-11-10 16:32:11 -08:00
Chris Metcalf 990486c8af strscpy: zero any trailing garbage bytes in the destination
It's possible that the destination can be shadowed in userspace
(as, for example, the perf buffers are now).  So we should take
care not to leak data that could be inspected by userspace.

Signed-off-by: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@ezchip.com>
2015-10-06 14:53:18 -04:00
Chris Metcalf 30035e4575 string: provide strscpy()
The strscpy() API is intended to be used instead of strlcpy(),
and instead of most uses of strncpy().

- Unlike strlcpy(), it doesn't read from memory beyond (src + size).

- Unlike strlcpy() or strncpy(), the API provides an easy way to check
  for destination buffer overflow: an -E2BIG error return value.

- The provided implementation is robust in the face of the source
  buffer being asynchronously changed during the copy, unlike the
  current implementation of strlcpy().

- Unlike strncpy(), the destination buffer will be NUL-terminated
  if the string in the source buffer is too long.

- Also unlike strncpy(), the destination buffer will not be updated
  beyond the NUL termination, avoiding strncpy's behavior of zeroing
  the entire tail end of the destination buffer.  (A memset() after
  the strscpy() can be used if this behavior is desired.)

- The implementation should be reasonably performant on all
  platforms since it uses the asm/word-at-a-time.h API rather than
  simple byte copy.  Kernel-to-kernel string copy is not considered
  to be performance critical in any case.

Signed-off-by: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@ezchip.com>
2015-09-10 15:36:59 -04:00
Rasmus Villemoes 94df290404 lib/string.c: introduce strreplace()
Strings are sometimes sanitized by replacing a certain character (often
'/') by another (often '!').  In a few places, this is done the same way
Schlemiel the Painter would do it.  Others are slightly smarter but still
do multiple strchr() calls.  Introduce strreplace() to do this using a
single function call and a single pass over the string.

One would expect the return value to be one of three things: void, s, or
the number of replacements made.  I chose the fourth, returning a pointer
to the end of the string.  This is more likely to be useful (for example
allowing the caller to avoid a strlen call).

Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-06-25 17:00:40 -07:00
Daniel Borkmann 7829fb09a2 lib: make memzero_explicit more robust against dead store elimination
In commit 0b053c9518 ("lib: memzero_explicit: use barrier instead
of OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR"), we made memzero_explicit() more robust in
case LTO would decide to inline memzero_explicit() and eventually
find out it could be elimiated as dead store.

While using barrier() works well for the case of gcc, recent efforts
from LLVMLinux people suggest to use llvm as an alternative to gcc,
and there, Stephan found in a simple stand-alone user space example
that llvm could nevertheless optimize and thus elimitate the memset().
A similar issue has been observed in the referenced llvm bug report,
which is regarded as not-a-bug.

Based on some experiments, icc is a bit special on its own, while it
doesn't seem to eliminate the memset(), it could do so with an own
implementation, and then result in similar findings as with llvm.

The fix in this patch now works for all three compilers (also tested
with more aggressive optimization levels). Arguably, in the current
kernel tree it's more of a theoretical issue, but imho, it's better
to be pedantic about it.

It's clearly visible with gcc/llvm though, with the below code: if we
would have used barrier() only here, llvm would have omitted clearing,
not so with barrier_data() variant:

  static inline void memzero_explicit(void *s, size_t count)
  {
    memset(s, 0, count);
    barrier_data(s);
  }

  int main(void)
  {
    char buff[20];
    memzero_explicit(buff, sizeof(buff));
    return 0;
  }

  $ gcc -O2 test.c
  $ gdb a.out
  (gdb) disassemble main
  Dump of assembler code for function main:
   0x0000000000400400  <+0>: lea   -0x28(%rsp),%rax
   0x0000000000400405  <+5>: movq  $0x0,-0x28(%rsp)
   0x000000000040040e <+14>: movq  $0x0,-0x20(%rsp)
   0x0000000000400417 <+23>: movl  $0x0,-0x18(%rsp)
   0x000000000040041f <+31>: xor   %eax,%eax
   0x0000000000400421 <+33>: retq
  End of assembler dump.

  $ clang -O2 test.c
  $ gdb a.out
  (gdb) disassemble main
  Dump of assembler code for function main:
   0x00000000004004f0  <+0>: xorps  %xmm0,%xmm0
   0x00000000004004f3  <+3>: movaps %xmm0,-0x18(%rsp)
   0x00000000004004f8  <+8>: movl   $0x0,-0x8(%rsp)
   0x0000000000400500 <+16>: lea    -0x18(%rsp),%rax
   0x0000000000400505 <+21>: xor    %eax,%eax
   0x0000000000400507 <+23>: retq
  End of assembler dump.

As gcc, clang, but also icc defines __GNUC__, it's sufficient to define
this in compiler-gcc.h only to be picked up. For a fallback or otherwise
unsupported compiler, we define it as a barrier. Similarly, for ecc which
does not support gcc inline asm.

Reference: https://llvm.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=15495
Reported-by: Stephan Mueller <smueller@chronox.de>
Tested-by: Stephan Mueller <smueller@chronox.de>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Stephan Mueller <smueller@chronox.de>
Cc: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Cc: mancha security <mancha1@zoho.com>
Cc: Mark Charlebois <charlebm@gmail.com>
Cc: Behan Webster <behanw@converseincode.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2015-05-04 17:49:51 +08:00
mancha security 0b053c9518 lib: memzero_explicit: use barrier instead of OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR
OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(), as defined when using gcc, is insufficient to
ensure protection from dead store optimization.

For the random driver and crypto drivers, calls are emitted ...

  $ gdb vmlinux
  (gdb) disassemble memzero_explicit
  Dump of assembler code for function memzero_explicit:
    0xffffffff813a18b0 <+0>:	push   %rbp
    0xffffffff813a18b1 <+1>:	mov    %rsi,%rdx
    0xffffffff813a18b4 <+4>:	xor    %esi,%esi
    0xffffffff813a18b6 <+6>:	mov    %rsp,%rbp
    0xffffffff813a18b9 <+9>:	callq  0xffffffff813a7120 <memset>
    0xffffffff813a18be <+14>:	pop    %rbp
    0xffffffff813a18bf <+15>:	retq
  End of assembler dump.

  (gdb) disassemble extract_entropy
  [...]
    0xffffffff814a5009 <+313>:	mov    %r12,%rdi
    0xffffffff814a500c <+316>:	mov    $0xa,%esi
    0xffffffff814a5011 <+321>:	callq  0xffffffff813a18b0 <memzero_explicit>
    0xffffffff814a5016 <+326>:	mov    -0x48(%rbp),%rax
  [...]

... but in case in future we might use facilities such as LTO, then
OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR() is not sufficient to protect gcc from a possible
eviction of the memset(). We have to use a compiler barrier instead.

Minimal test example when we assume memzero_explicit() would *not* be
a call, but would have been *inlined* instead:

  static inline void memzero_explicit(void *s, size_t count)
  {
    memset(s, 0, count);
    <foo>
  }

  int main(void)
  {
    char buff[20];

    snprintf(buff, sizeof(buff) - 1, "test");
    printf("%s", buff);

    memzero_explicit(buff, sizeof(buff));
    return 0;
  }

With <foo> := OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR():

  (gdb) disassemble main
  Dump of assembler code for function main:
  [...]
   0x0000000000400464 <+36>:	callq  0x400410 <printf@plt>
   0x0000000000400469 <+41>:	xor    %eax,%eax
   0x000000000040046b <+43>:	add    $0x28,%rsp
   0x000000000040046f <+47>:	retq
  End of assembler dump.

With <foo> := barrier():

  (gdb) disassemble main
  Dump of assembler code for function main:
  [...]
   0x0000000000400464 <+36>:	callq  0x400410 <printf@plt>
   0x0000000000400469 <+41>:	movq   $0x0,(%rsp)
   0x0000000000400471 <+49>:	movq   $0x0,0x8(%rsp)
   0x000000000040047a <+58>:	movl   $0x0,0x10(%rsp)
   0x0000000000400482 <+66>:	xor    %eax,%eax
   0x0000000000400484 <+68>:	add    $0x28,%rsp
   0x0000000000400488 <+72>:	retq
  End of assembler dump.

As can be seen, movq, movq, movl are being emitted inlined
via memset().

Reference: http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel.cryptoapi/13764/
Fixes: d4c5efdb97 ("random: add and use memzero_explicit() for clearing data")
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: mancha security <mancha1@zoho.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Acked-by: Stephan Mueller <smueller@chronox.de>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2015-03-20 07:56:12 +11:00
Linus Torvalds fee5429e02 Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/herbert/crypto-2.6
Pull crypto update from Herbert Xu:
 "Here is the crypto update for 3.20:

   - Added 192/256-bit key support to aesni GCM.
   - Added MIPS OCTEON MD5 support.
   - Fixed hwrng starvation and race conditions.
   - Added note that memzero_explicit is not a subsitute for memset.
   - Added user-space interface for crypto_rng.
   - Misc fixes"

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/herbert/crypto-2.6: (71 commits)
  crypto: tcrypt - do not allocate iv on stack for aead speed tests
  crypto: testmgr - limit IV copy length in aead tests
  crypto: tcrypt - fix buflen reminder calculation
  crypto: testmgr - mark rfc4106(gcm(aes)) as fips_allowed
  crypto: caam - fix resource clean-up on error path for caam_jr_init
  crypto: caam - pair irq map and dispose in the same function
  crypto: ccp - terminate ccp_support array with empty element
  crypto: caam - remove unused local variable
  crypto: caam - remove dead code
  crypto: caam - don't emit ICV check failures to dmesg
  hwrng: virtio - drop extra empty line
  crypto: replace scatterwalk_sg_next with sg_next
  crypto: atmel - Free memory in error path
  crypto: doc - remove colons in comments
  crypto: seqiv - Ensure that IV size is at least 8 bytes
  crypto: cts - Weed out non-CBC algorithms
  MAINTAINERS: add linux-crypto to hw random
  crypto: cts - Remove bogus use of seqiv
  crypto: qat - don't need qat_auth_state struct
  crypto: algif_rng - fix sparse non static symbol warning
  ...
2015-02-14 09:47:01 -08:00
Rasmus Villemoes 8da53d4595 lib/string.c: improve strrchr()
Instead of potentially passing over the string twice in case c is not
found, just keep track of the last occurrence.  According to
bloat-o-meter, this also cuts the generated code by a third (54 vs 36
bytes).  Oh, and we get rid of those 7-space indented lines.

Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-13 21:21:36 -08:00
Rasmus Villemoes af3cd13501 lib/string.c: remove strnicmp()
Now that all in-tree users of strnicmp have been converted to
strncasecmp, the wrapper can be removed.

Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-12 18:54:14 -08:00
Daniel Borkmann 8155330aad lib: memzero_explicit: add comment for its usage
Lets improve the comment to add a note on when to use memzero_explicit()
for those not digging through the git logs. We don't want people to
pollute places with memzero_explicit() where it's not really necessary.

Reference: https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/1/4/190
Suggested-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2015-01-08 21:46:19 +11:00
Linus Torvalds 14d4cc0883 This adds a memzero_explicit() call which is guaranteed not to be
optimized away by GCC.  This is important when we are wiping
 cryptographically sensitive material.
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Merge tag 'random_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/random

Pull /dev/random updates from Ted Ts'o:
 "This adds a memzero_explicit() call which is guaranteed not to be
  optimized away by GCC.  This is important when we are wiping
  cryptographically sensitive material"

* tag 'random_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/random:
  crypto: memzero_explicit - make sure to clear out sensitive data
  random: add and use memzero_explicit() for clearing data
2014-10-24 12:33:32 -07:00
Daniel Borkmann d4c5efdb97 random: add and use memzero_explicit() for clearing data
zatimend has reported that in his environment (3.16/gcc4.8.3/corei7)
memset() calls which clear out sensitive data in extract_{buf,entropy,
entropy_user}() in random driver are being optimized away by gcc.

Add a helper memzero_explicit() (similarly as explicit_bzero() variants)
that can be used in such cases where a variable with sensitive data is
being cleared out in the end. Other use cases might also be in crypto
code. [ I have put this into lib/string.c though, as it's always built-in
and doesn't need any dependencies then. ]

Fixes kernel bugzilla: 82041

Reported-by: zatimend@hotmail.co.uk
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
2014-10-17 11:37:29 -04:00
Rasmus Villemoes b0bfb63118 lib: string: Make all calls to strnicmp into calls to strncasecmp
The previous patch made strnicmp into a wrapper for strncasecmp.

This patch makes all in-tree users of strnicmp call strncasecmp
directly, while still making sure that the strnicmp symbol can be used
by out-of-tree modules.  It should be considered a temporary hack until
all in-tree callers have been converted.

Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-14 02:18:23 +02:00
Rasmus Villemoes cd514e727b lib/string.c: remove duplicated function
lib/string.c contains two functions, strnicmp and strncasecmp, which do
roughly the same thing, namely compare two strings case-insensitively up
to a given bound.  They have slightly different implementations, but the
only important difference is that strncasecmp doesn't handle len==0
appropriately; it effectively becomes strcasecmp in that case.  strnicmp
correctly says that two strings are always equal in their first 0
characters.

strncasecmp is the POSIX name for this functionality.  So rename the
non-broken function to the standard name.  To minimize the impact on the
rest of the kernel (and since both are exported to modules), make strnicmp
a wrapper for strncasecmp.

Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Grant Likely <grant.likely@linaro.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-14 02:18:23 +02:00
Linus Torvalds 72d9310460 Make ARCH_HAS_FAST_MULTIPLIER a real config variable
It used to be an ad-hoc hack defined by the x86 version of
<asm/bitops.h> that enabled a couple of library routines to know whether
an integer multiply is faster than repeated shifts and additions.

This just makes it use the real Kconfig system instead, and makes x86
(which was the only architecture that did this) select the option.

NOTE! Even for x86, this really is kind of wrong.  If we cared, we would
probably not enable this for builds optimized for netburst (P4), where
shifts-and-adds are generally faster than multiplies.  This patch does
*not* change that kind of logic, though, it is purely a syntactic change
with no code changes.

This was triggered by the fact that we have other places that really
want to know "do I want to expand multiples by constants by hand or
not", particularly the hash generation code.

Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-09-13 11:14:53 -07:00
Dan Carpenter 0046dd9fed lib/string.c: use the name "C-string" in comments
For strncpy() and friends the source string may or may not have an actual
NUL character at the end.  The documentation is confusing in this because
it specifically mentions that you are passing a "NUL-terminated" string.
Wikipedia says that "C-string" is an alternative name we can use instead.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null-terminated_string

Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-06-04 16:54:18 -07:00
Grant Likely 11d200e95f lib: add glibc style strchrnul() variant
The strchrnul() variant helpfully returns a the end of the string
instead of a NULL if the requested character is not found. This can
simplify string parsing code since it doesn't need to expicitly check
for a NULL return. If a valid string pointer is passed in, then a valid
null terminated string will always come back out.

Signed-off-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@linaro.org>
2014-05-23 11:23:27 +09:00
Andi Kleen a7330c997d asmlinkage Make __stack_chk_failed and memcmp visible
In LTO symbols implicitely referenced by the compiler need
to be visible. Earlier these symbols were visible implicitely
from being exported, but we disabled implicit visibility fo
 EXPORTs when modules are disabled to improve code size. So
now these symbols have to be marked visible explicitely.

Do this for __stack_chk_fail (with stack protector)
and memcmp.

Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1391845930-28580-10-git-send-email-ak@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
2014-02-13 18:13:43 -08:00
Linus Torvalds 11bcb32848 The following text was taken from the original review request:
"[PATCH 0/3] RFC - module.h usage cleanups in fs/ and lib/"
 		https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/2/29/589
 --
 
 Fix up files in fs/ and lib/ dirs to only use module.h if they really
 need it.
 
 These are trivial in scope vs. the work done previously.  We now have
 things where any few remaining cleanups can be farmed out to arch or
 subsystem maintainers, and I have done so when possible.  What is
 remaining here represents the bits that don't clearly lie within a
 single arch/subsystem boundary, like the fs dir and the lib dir.
 
 Some duplicate includes arising from overlapping fixes from
 independent subsystem maintainer submissions are also quashed.
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Merge tag 'module-for-3.4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulg/linux

Pull cleanup of fs/ and lib/ users of module.h from Paul Gortmaker:
 "Fix up files in fs/ and lib/ dirs to only use module.h if they really
  need it.

  These are trivial in scope vs the work done previously.  We now have
  things where any few remaining cleanups can be farmed out to arch or
  subsystem maintainers, and I have done so when possible.  What is
  remaining here represents the bits that don't clearly lie within a
  single arch/subsystem boundary, like the fs dir and the lib dir.

  Some duplicate includes arising from overlapping fixes from
  independent subsystem maintainer submissions are also quashed."

Fix up trivial conflicts due to clashes with other include file cleanups
(including some due to the previous bug.h cleanup pull).

* tag 'module-for-3.4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulg/linux:
  lib: reduce the use of module.h wherever possible
  fs: reduce the use of module.h wherever possible
  includecheck: delete any duplicate instances of module.h
2012-03-24 10:24:31 -07:00
Linus Torvalds ed2d265d12 The following text was taken from the original review request:
"[RFC - PATCH 0/7] consolidation of BUG support code."
 		https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/1/26/525
 --
 
 The changes shown here are to unify linux's BUG support under
 the one <linux/bug.h> file.  Due to historical reasons, we have
 some BUG code in bug.h and some in kernel.h -- i.e. the support for
 BUILD_BUG in linux/kernel.h predates the addition of linux/bug.h,
 but old code in kernel.h wasn't moved to bug.h at that time.  As
 a band-aid, kernel.h was including <asm/bug.h> to pseudo link them.
 
 This has caused confusion[1] and general yuck/WTF[2] reactions.
 Here is an example that violates the principle of least surprise:
 
       CC      lib/string.o
       lib/string.c: In function 'strlcat':
       lib/string.c:225:2: error: implicit declaration of function 'BUILD_BUG_ON'
       make[2]: *** [lib/string.o] Error 1
       $
       $ grep linux/bug.h lib/string.c
       #include <linux/bug.h>
       $
 
 We've included <linux/bug.h> for the BUG infrastructure and yet we
 still get a compile fail!  [We've not kernel.h for BUILD_BUG_ON.]
 Ugh - very confusing for someone who is new to kernel development.
 
 With the above in mind, the goals of this changeset are:
 
 1) find and fix any include/*.h files that were relying on the
    implicit presence of BUG code.
 2) find and fix any C files that were consuming kernel.h and
    hence relying on implicitly getting some/all BUG code.
 3) Move the BUG related code living in kernel.h to <linux/bug.h>
 4) remove the asm/bug.h from kernel.h to finally break the chain.
 
 During development, the order was more like 3-4, build-test, 1-2.
 But to ensure that git history for bisect doesn't get needless
 build failures introduced, the commits have been reorderd to fix
 the problem areas in advance.
 
 [1]  https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/1/3/90
 [2]  https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/1/17/414
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Merge tag 'bug-for-3.4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulg/linux

Pull <linux/bug.h> cleanup from Paul Gortmaker:
 "The changes shown here are to unify linux's BUG support under the one
  <linux/bug.h> file.  Due to historical reasons, we have some BUG code
  in bug.h and some in kernel.h -- i.e.  the support for BUILD_BUG in
  linux/kernel.h predates the addition of linux/bug.h, but old code in
  kernel.h wasn't moved to bug.h at that time.  As a band-aid, kernel.h
  was including <asm/bug.h> to pseudo link them.

  This has caused confusion[1] and general yuck/WTF[2] reactions.  Here
  is an example that violates the principle of least surprise:

      CC      lib/string.o
      lib/string.c: In function 'strlcat':
      lib/string.c:225:2: error: implicit declaration of function 'BUILD_BUG_ON'
      make[2]: *** [lib/string.o] Error 1
      $
      $ grep linux/bug.h lib/string.c
      #include <linux/bug.h>
      $

  We've included <linux/bug.h> for the BUG infrastructure and yet we
  still get a compile fail! [We've not kernel.h for BUILD_BUG_ON.] Ugh -
  very confusing for someone who is new to kernel development.

  With the above in mind, the goals of this changeset are:

  1) find and fix any include/*.h files that were relying on the
     implicit presence of BUG code.
  2) find and fix any C files that were consuming kernel.h and hence
     relying on implicitly getting some/all BUG code.
  3) Move the BUG related code living in kernel.h to <linux/bug.h>
  4) remove the asm/bug.h from kernel.h to finally break the chain.

  During development, the order was more like 3-4, build-test, 1-2.  But
  to ensure that git history for bisect doesn't get needless build
  failures introduced, the commits have been reorderd to fix the problem
  areas in advance.

	[1]  https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/1/3/90
	[2]  https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/1/17/414"

Fix up conflicts (new radeon file, reiserfs header cleanups) as per Paul
and linux-next.

* tag 'bug-for-3.4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulg/linux:
  kernel.h: doesn't explicitly use bug.h, so don't include it.
  bug: consolidate BUILD_BUG_ON with other bug code
  BUG: headers with BUG/BUG_ON etc. need linux/bug.h
  bug.h: add include of it to various implicit C users
  lib: fix implicit users of kernel.h for TAINT_WARN
  spinlock: macroize assert_spin_locked to avoid bug.h dependency
  x86: relocate get/set debugreg fcns to include/asm/debugreg.
2012-03-24 10:08:39 -07:00
Akinobu Mita f43804bf5f string: memchr_inv() speed improvements
- Generate a 64-bit pattern more efficiently

memchr_inv needs to generate a 64-bit pattern filled with a target
character.  The operation can be done by more efficient way.

- Don't call the slow check_bytes() if the memory area is 64-bit aligned

memchr_inv compares contiguous 64-bit words with the 64-bit pattern as
much as possible.  The outside of the region is checked by check_bytes()
that scans for each byte.  Unfortunately, the first 64-bit word is
unexpectedly scanned by check_bytes() even if the memory area is aligned
to a 64-bit boundary.

Both changes were originally suggested by Eric Dumazet.

Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Brian Norris <computersforpeace@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-03-23 16:58:35 -07:00
Paul Gortmaker 8bc3bcc93a lib: reduce the use of module.h wherever possible
For files only using THIS_MODULE and/or EXPORT_SYMBOL, map
them onto including export.h -- or if the file isn't even
using those, then just delete the include.  Fix up any implicit
include dependencies that were being masked by module.h along
the way.

Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
2012-03-07 15:04:04 -05:00
Paul Gortmaker 50af5ead3b bug.h: add include of it to various implicit C users
With bug.h currently living right in linux/kernel.h there
are files that use BUG_ON and friends but are not including
the header explicitly.  Fix them up so we can remove the
presence in kernel.h file.

Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
2012-02-29 17:15:08 -05:00
Michael Holzheu 66f6958e69 lib/string.c: fix strim() semantics for strings that have only blanks
Commit 84c95c9acf ("string: on strstrip(), first remove leading spaces
before running over str") improved the performance of the strim()
function.

Unfortunately this changed the semantics of strim() and broke my code.
Before the patch it was possible to use strim() without using the return
value for removing trailing spaces from strings that had either only
blanks or only trailing blanks.

Now this does not work any longer for strings that *only* have blanks.

Before patch: "   " -> ""    (empty string)
After patch:  "   " -> "   " (no change)

I think we should remove your patch to restore the old behavior.

The description (lib/string.c):

 * Note that the first trailing whitespace is replaced with a %NUL-terminator

=> The first trailing whitespace of a string that only has whitespace
   characters is the first whitespace

The patch restores the old strim() semantics.

Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andre Goddard Rosa <andre.goddard@gmail.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2011-10-31 17:30:56 -07:00
Akinobu Mita 798248206b lib/string.c: introduce memchr_inv()
memchr_inv() is mainly used to check whether the whole buffer is filled
with just a specified byte.

The function name and prototype are stolen from logfs and the
implementation is from SLUB.

Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Acked-by: Joern Engel <joern@logfs.org>
Cc: Marcin Slusarz <marcin.slusarz@gmail.com>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2011-10-31 17:30:47 -07:00
Jonathan Cameron d0f1fed29e Add a strtobool function matching semantics of existing in kernel equivalents
This is a rename of the usr_strtobool proposal, which was a renamed,
relocated and fixed version of previous kstrtobool RFC

Signed-off-by: Jonathan Cameron <jic23@cam.ac.uk>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
2011-05-19 16:55:28 +09:30
André Goddard Rosa d6a2eedfdd lib/string.c: simplify strnstr()
Signed-off-by: André Goddard Rosa <andre.goddard@gmail.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-03-06 11:26:35 -08:00