Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Added a new driver for supporting Digigram Lola PCI-e boards.
Lola has a similar h/w design like HD-audio but with extended verbs.
Thus the driver is written similarly like HD-audio driver in the bus
part. The codec part is rather written in a fixed way specific to the
Lola board because of the verb incompatibility.
The driver provides basic PCM, supporting multi-streams and mixing.
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Added the support of AudioScience ASI boards.
The driver has been tested for years on alsa-driver external tree,
now finally got merged to the kernel.
Signed-off-by: Eliot Blennerhassett <eblennerhassett@audioscience.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
prototype of a driver for the digigram lx6464es 64 channel ethersound
interface.
Signed-off-by: Tim Blechmann <tim@klingt.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
The ak4531 module is used only by ens1370 driver (and unlikely that
any other will use it ever). Let's make it local to ens1370.
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Add the snd-oxygen driver for the C-Media CMI8788 (Oxygen) chip, used on
the Asound A-8788, AuzenTech X-Meridian, Bgears b-Enspirer,
Club3D Theatron DTS, HT-Omega Claro, Razer Barracuda AC-1,
Sondigo Inferno, and TempoTec HIFIER sound cards.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
Basic audio support for the SiS 7019 Audio Accelerator as found in the
SiS 55x SoC. There is currently no synth support at the moment, but
audio playback and capture with two periods per buffer has seen
extensive use. Arbitrary period and buffer sizes (with multiple periods
per buffer) have seen light testing, but are believed to be production
ready.
Signed-off-by: David Dillow <dave@thedillows.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
Add support for Cyrix/NatSemi Geode SC5530 (VSA1).
The driver is snd-cs5530.
Signed-off-by Ash Willis <ashwillis@programmer.net>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@suse.cz>
Add support for the CS5535 Audio device. I've fixed up some errors as per
Takashi's advice from the thread:
http://lkml.org/lkml/2005/9/15/119
From: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
cs5535 is a 32bit x86 only device using weird CPU features
Signed-off-by: Jaya Kumar <jayakumar.alsa@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
PCI drivers,AD1889 driver
move the AD1889 driver to the kernel tree
Acked-by: Thibaut Varene <varenet@parisc-linux.org>
Acked-by: Kyle McMartin <kyle@parisc-linux.org>
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
Greg Kroah-Hartman
Takashi Iwai
Eliot Blennerhassett
Wai Yew CHAY
Tim Blechmann
Cedric Bregardis
Clemens Ladisch
David Dillow
Jaroslav Kysela
Giuliano Pochini
Ash Willis
Peter Gruber
Markus Bollinger
Jaya Kumar
Linus Torvalds