Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Commit 8f243af42a ("sections: fix const sections for crc32 table")
removed the compile-time generated crc32 tables from the RO sections,
because it conflicts with the definition of __cacheline_aligned which
puts all such aligned data into .data..cacheline_aligned section
optimized for wasting less space, and can cause alignment issues when
used in combination with const with some gcc versions like 4.7.0 due to
a gcc bug [1].
Given that most gcc versions should have the fix by now, we can just use
____cacheline_aligned, which only aligns the data but doesn't move it
into specific sections as opposed to __cacheline_aligned. In case of
gcc versions having the mentioned bug, the alignment attribute will have
no effect, but the data will still be made RO.
After patch tables are in RO:
$ nm -v lib/crc32.o | grep -1 -E "crc32c?table"
0000000000000000 t arch_local_irq_enable
0000000000000000 r crc32ctable_le
0000000000000000 t crc32_exit
--
0000000000000960 t test_buf
0000000000002000 r crc32table_be
0000000000004000 r crc32table_le
000000001d1056e5 A __crc_crc32_be
[1] https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=52181
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Cc: Joe Mario <jmario@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix the const sections for the code generated by crc32 table. There's
no ro version of the cacheline aligned section, so we cannot put in
const data without a conflict Just don't make the crc tables const for
now.
[ak@linux.intel.com: some fixes and new description]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
Signed-off-by: Joe Mario <jmario@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Reuse the existing crc32 code to stamp out a crc32c implementation.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Cc: Bob Pearson <rpearson@systemfabricworks.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add slicing-by-8 algorithm to the existing slicing-by-4 algorithm. This
consists of:
- extend largest BITS size from 32 to 64
- extend tables from tab[4][256] to up to tab[8][256]
- Add code for inner loop.
[djwong@us.ibm.com: Minor changelog tweaks]
Signed-off-by: Bob Pearson <rpearson@systemfabricworks.com>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
crc32.c provides a choice of one of several algorithms for computing the
LSB and LSB versions of the CRC32 checksum based on the parameters
CRC_LE_BITS and CRC_BE_BITS.
In the original version the values 1, 2, 4 and 8 respectively selected
versions of the alrogithm that computed the crc 1, 2, 4 and 32 bits as a
time.
This patch series adds a new version that computes the CRC 64 bits at a
time. To make things easier to understand the parameter has been
reinterpreted to actually stand for the number of bits processed in each
step of the algorithm so that the old value 8 has been replaced with the
value 32.
This also allows us to add in a widely used crc algorithm that computes
the crc 8 bits at a time called the Sarwate algorithm.
[djwong@us.ibm.com: Minor changelog tweaks]
Signed-off-by: Bob Pearson <rpearson@systemfabricworks.com>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Misc cleanup of lib/crc32.c and related files.
- remove unnecessary header files.
- straighten out some convoluted ifdef's
- rewrite some references to 2 dimensional arrays as 1 dimensional
arrays to make them correct. I.e. replace tab[i] with tab[0][i].
- a few trivial whitespace changes
- fix a warning in gen_crc32tables.c caused by a mismatch in the type of
the pointer passed to output table. Since the table is only used at
kernel compile time, it is simpler to make the table big enough to hold
the largest column size used. One cannot make the column size smaller
in output_table because it has to be used by both the le and be tables
and they can have different column sizes.
[djwong@us.ibm.com: Minor changelog tweaks]
Signed-off-by: Bob Pearson <rpearson@systemfabricworks.com>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Precompute more crc32 values(0xcc00, 0xcc0000 and 0xcc000000) into tables.
This increases the table size from 1KB to 4KB but the performance benfit
makes it worth it:
28% faster on MPC8321, 266 MHz
2x faster on Core 2 Duo, 3.1GHz
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Joakim Tjernlund <Joakim.Tjernlund@transmode.se>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
Greg Kroah-Hartman
Daniel Borkmann
Joe Mario
Darrick J. Wong
Bob Pearson
Joakim Tjernlund
Linus Torvalds