Impact: new feature
Problem on distro kernels: irq_desc[NR_IRQS] takes megabytes of RAM with
NR_CPUS set to large values. The goal is to be able to scale up to much
larger NR_IRQS value without impacting the (important) common case.
To solve this, we generalize irq_desc[NR_IRQS] to an (optional) array of
irq_desc pointers.
When CONFIG_SPARSE_IRQ=y is used, we use kzalloc_node to get irq_desc,
this also makes the IRQ descriptors NUMA-local (to the site that calls
request_irq()).
This gets rid of the irq_cfg[] static array on x86 as well: irq_cfg now
uses desc->chip_data for x86 to store irq_cfg.
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Conflicts:
fs/nfsd/nfs4recover.c
Manually fixed above to use new creds API functions, e.g.
nfs4_save_creds().
Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Impact: fix initcall debug output on non-scalar ktime platforms (32-bit embedded)
The initcall_debug code access the tv64 member of ktime. This won't work
correctly for large deltas on platforms that don't use the scalar ktime
implementation.
Signed-off-by: Will Newton <will.newton@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Tim Bird <tim.bird@am.sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* 'sched-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
cpuset: fix regression when failed to generate sched domains
sched, signals: fix the racy usage of ->signal in account_group_xxx/run_posix_cpu_timers
sched: fix kernel warning on /proc/sched_debug access
sched: correct sched-rt-group.txt pathname in init/Kconfig
Impact: new API
Add a new API trace_mark_tp(), which declares a marker within a
tracepoint probe. When the marker is activated, the tracepoint is
automatically enabled.
No branch test is used at the marker site, because it would be a
duplicate of the branch already present in the tracepoint.
Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Conflicts:
security/keys/internal.h
security/keys/process_keys.c
security/keys/request_key.c
Fixed conflicts above by using the non 'tsk' versions.
Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Inaugurate copy-on-write credentials management. This uses RCU to manage the
credentials pointer in the task_struct with respect to accesses by other tasks.
A process may only modify its own credentials, and so does not need locking to
access or modify its own credentials.
A mutex (cred_replace_mutex) is added to the task_struct to control the effect
of PTRACE_ATTACHED on credential calculations, particularly with respect to
execve().
With this patch, the contents of an active credentials struct may not be
changed directly; rather a new set of credentials must be prepared, modified
and committed using something like the following sequence of events:
struct cred *new = prepare_creds();
int ret = blah(new);
if (ret < 0) {
abort_creds(new);
return ret;
}
return commit_creds(new);
There are some exceptions to this rule: the keyrings pointed to by the active
credentials may be instantiated - keyrings violate the COW rule as managing
COW keyrings is tricky, given that it is possible for a task to directly alter
the keys in a keyring in use by another task.
To help enforce this, various pointers to sets of credentials, such as those in
the task_struct, are declared const. The purpose of this is compile-time
discouragement of altering credentials through those pointers. Once a set of
credentials has been made public through one of these pointers, it may not be
modified, except under special circumstances:
(1) Its reference count may incremented and decremented.
(2) The keyrings to which it points may be modified, but not replaced.
The only safe way to modify anything else is to create a replacement and commit
using the functions described in Documentation/credentials.txt (which will be
added by a later patch).
This patch and the preceding patches have been tested with the LTP SELinux
testsuite.
This patch makes several logical sets of alteration:
(1) execve().
This now prepares and commits credentials in various places in the
security code rather than altering the current creds directly.
(2) Temporary credential overrides.
do_coredump() and sys_faccessat() now prepare their own credentials and
temporarily override the ones currently on the acting thread, whilst
preventing interference from other threads by holding cred_replace_mutex
on the thread being dumped.
This will be replaced in a future patch by something that hands down the
credentials directly to the functions being called, rather than altering
the task's objective credentials.
(3) LSM interface.
A number of functions have been changed, added or removed:
(*) security_capset_check(), ->capset_check()
(*) security_capset_set(), ->capset_set()
Removed in favour of security_capset().
(*) security_capset(), ->capset()
New. This is passed a pointer to the new creds, a pointer to the old
creds and the proposed capability sets. It should fill in the new
creds or return an error. All pointers, barring the pointer to the
new creds, are now const.
(*) security_bprm_apply_creds(), ->bprm_apply_creds()
Changed; now returns a value, which will cause the process to be
killed if it's an error.
(*) security_task_alloc(), ->task_alloc_security()
Removed in favour of security_prepare_creds().
(*) security_cred_free(), ->cred_free()
New. Free security data attached to cred->security.
(*) security_prepare_creds(), ->cred_prepare()
New. Duplicate any security data attached to cred->security.
(*) security_commit_creds(), ->cred_commit()
New. Apply any security effects for the upcoming installation of new
security by commit_creds().
(*) security_task_post_setuid(), ->task_post_setuid()
Removed in favour of security_task_fix_setuid().
(*) security_task_fix_setuid(), ->task_fix_setuid()
Fix up the proposed new credentials for setuid(). This is used by
cap_set_fix_setuid() to implicitly adjust capabilities in line with
setuid() changes. Changes are made to the new credentials, rather
than the task itself as in security_task_post_setuid().
(*) security_task_reparent_to_init(), ->task_reparent_to_init()
Removed. Instead the task being reparented to init is referred
directly to init's credentials.
NOTE! This results in the loss of some state: SELinux's osid no
longer records the sid of the thread that forked it.
(*) security_key_alloc(), ->key_alloc()
(*) security_key_permission(), ->key_permission()
Changed. These now take cred pointers rather than task pointers to
refer to the security context.
(4) sys_capset().
This has been simplified and uses less locking. The LSM functions it
calls have been merged.
(5) reparent_to_kthreadd().
This gives the current thread the same credentials as init by simply using
commit_thread() to point that way.
(6) __sigqueue_alloc() and switch_uid()
__sigqueue_alloc() can't stop the target task from changing its creds
beneath it, so this function gets a reference to the currently applicable
user_struct which it then passes into the sigqueue struct it returns if
successful.
switch_uid() is now called from commit_creds(), and possibly should be
folded into that. commit_creds() should take care of protecting
__sigqueue_alloc().
(7) [sg]et[ug]id() and co and [sg]et_current_groups.
The set functions now all use prepare_creds(), commit_creds() and
abort_creds() to build and check a new set of credentials before applying
it.
security_task_set[ug]id() is called inside the prepared section. This
guarantees that nothing else will affect the creds until we've finished.
The calling of set_dumpable() has been moved into commit_creds().
Much of the functionality of set_user() has been moved into
commit_creds().
The get functions all simply access the data directly.
(8) security_task_prctl() and cap_task_prctl().
security_task_prctl() has been modified to return -ENOSYS if it doesn't
want to handle a function, or otherwise return the return value directly
rather than through an argument.
Additionally, cap_task_prctl() now prepares a new set of credentials, even
if it doesn't end up using it.
(9) Keyrings.
A number of changes have been made to the keyrings code:
(a) switch_uid_keyring(), copy_keys(), exit_keys() and suid_keys() have
all been dropped and built in to the credentials functions directly.
They may want separating out again later.
(b) key_alloc() and search_process_keyrings() now take a cred pointer
rather than a task pointer to specify the security context.
(c) copy_creds() gives a new thread within the same thread group a new
thread keyring if its parent had one, otherwise it discards the thread
keyring.
(d) The authorisation key now points directly to the credentials to extend
the search into rather pointing to the task that carries them.
(e) Installing thread, process or session keyrings causes a new set of
credentials to be created, even though it's not strictly necessary for
process or session keyrings (they're shared).
(10) Usermode helper.
The usermode helper code now carries a cred struct pointer in its
subprocess_info struct instead of a new session keyring pointer. This set
of credentials is derived from init_cred and installed on the new process
after it has been cloned.
call_usermodehelper_setup() allocates the new credentials and
call_usermodehelper_freeinfo() discards them if they haven't been used. A
special cred function (prepare_usermodeinfo_creds()) is provided
specifically for call_usermodehelper_setup() to call.
call_usermodehelper_setkeys() adjusts the credentials to sport the
supplied keyring as the new session keyring.
(11) SELinux.
SELinux has a number of changes, in addition to those to support the LSM
interface changes mentioned above:
(a) selinux_setprocattr() no longer does its check for whether the
current ptracer can access processes with the new SID inside the lock
that covers getting the ptracer's SID. Whilst this lock ensures that
the check is done with the ptracer pinned, the result is only valid
until the lock is released, so there's no point doing it inside the
lock.
(12) is_single_threaded().
This function has been extracted from selinux_setprocattr() and put into
a file of its own in the lib/ directory as join_session_keyring() now
wants to use it too.
The code in SELinux just checked to see whether a task shared mm_structs
with other tasks (CLONE_VM), but that isn't good enough. We really want
to know if they're part of the same thread group (CLONE_THREAD).
(13) nfsd.
The NFS server daemon now has to use the COW credentials to set the
credentials it is going to use. It really needs to pass the credentials
down to the functions it calls, but it can't do that until other patches
in this series have been applied.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
In 2007, a0acd82080 changed the default
slab allocator to SLUB, but the SLAB help text still says SLAB is the
default. This change fixes that.
Signed-off-by: Simon Arlott <simon@fire.lp0.eu>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
init/Kconfig directs the user to Documentation/sched-rt-group.txt, but
the file is actually in Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt.
This patch corrects the pathname mentioned in init/Kconfig.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Knoth <adi@drcomp.erfurt.thur.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: Cleanups on the boot tracer and ftrace
This patch bring some cleanups about the boot tracer headers. The
functions and structures of this tracer have nothing related to ftrace
and should have so their own header file.
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: modify boot tracer
We used to disable the initcall tracing at a specified time (IE: end
of builtin initcalls). But we don't need it anymore. It will be
stopped when initcalls are finished.
However we want two things:
_Start this tracing only after pre-smp initcalls are finished.
_Since we are planning to trace sched_switches at the same time, we
want to enable them only during the initcall execution.
For this purpose, this patch introduce two functions to enable/disable
the sched_switch tracing during boot.
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Removed duplicated #include <linux/delay.h> in init/do_mounts_md.c.
The same compile error ("error: implicit declaration of function
'msleep'") got fixed twice:
- f8b77d3939 ("init/do_mounts_md.c:
msleep compile fix")
- 73b4a24f5f ("init/do_mounts_md.c must
#include <linux/delay.h>")
by people adding the <linux/delay.h> include in two slightly different
places. Andrew's quilt scripts happily ignore the fuzz, and will
re-apply the patch even though they had conflicts.
Signed-off-by: Huang Weiyi <weiyi.huang@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
page_cgroup is now allocated at boot and memmap doesn't includes pointer
for page_cgroup. Fix the menu help text.
Reviewed-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This reverts commit a802dd0eb5 by moving
the call to init_workqueues() back where it belongs - after SMP has been
initialized.
It also moves stop_machine_init() - which needs workqueues - to a later
phase using a core_initcall() instead of early_initcall(). That should
satisfy all ordering requirements, and was apparently the reason why
init_workqueues() was moved to be too early.
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux-2.6-for-linus:
stop_machine: fix error code handling on multiple cpus
stop_machine: use workqueues instead of kernel threads
workqueue: introduce create_rt_workqueue
Call init_workqueues before pre smp initcalls.
Make panic= and panic_on_oops into core_params
Make initcall_debug a core_param
core_param() for genuinely core kernel parameters
param: Fix duplicate module prefixes
module: check kernel param length at compile time, not runtime
Remove stop_machine during module load v2
module: simplify load_module.
page_cgroup_init() is called from mem_cgroup_init(). But at this
point, we cannot call alloc_bootmem().
(and this caused panic at boot.)
This patch moves page_cgroup_init() to init/main.c.
Time table is following:
==
parse_args(). # we can trust mem_cgroup_subsys.disabled bit after this.
....
cgroup_init_early() # "early" init of cgroup.
....
setup_arch() # memmap is allocated.
...
page_cgroup_init();
mem_init(); # we cannot call alloc_bootmem after this.
....
cgroup_init() # mem_cgroup is initialized.
==
Before page_cgroup_init(), mem_map must be initialized. So,
I added page_cgroup_init() to init/main.c directly.
(*) maybe this is not very clean but
- cgroup_init_early() is too early
- in cgroup_init(), we have to use vmalloc instead of alloc_bootmem().
use of vmalloc area in x86-32 is important and we should avoid very large
vmalloc() in x86-32. So, we want to use alloc_bootmem() and added page_cgroup_init()
directly to init/main.c
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove unneeded/bad mem_cgroup_subsys declaration]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build]
Acked-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
commit 3d13731024 ("PCI: allow quirks to be
compiled out") introduced CONFIG_PCI_QUIRKS, which now shows up in each
and every .config. Fix this by making it depend on PCI.
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
This allows to create workqueues from within the context of
a pre smp initcall (aka early_initcall).
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
This is the one I really wanted: now it effects module loading, it
makes sense to be able to flip it after boot.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Acked-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
* 'linux-next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jbarnes/pci-2.6: (41 commits)
PCI: fix pci_ioremap_bar() on s390
PCI: fix AER capability check
PCI: use pci_find_ext_capability everywhere
PCI: remove #ifdef DEBUG around dev_dbg call
PCI hotplug: fix get_##name return value problem
PCI: document the pcie_aspm kernel parameter
PCI: introduce an pci_ioremap(pdev, barnr) function
powerpc/PCI: Add legacy PCI access via sysfs
PCI: Add ability to mmap legacy_io on some platforms
PCI: probing debug message uniformization
PCI: support PCIe ARI capability
PCI: centralize the capabilities code in probe.c
PCI: centralize the capabilities code in pci-sysfs.c
PCI: fix 64-vbit prefetchable memory resource BARs
PCI: replace cfg space size (256/4096) by macros.
PCI: use resource_size() everywhere.
PCI: use same arg names in PCI_VDEVICE comment
PCI hotplug: rpaphp: make debug var unique
PCI: use %pF instead of print_fn_descriptor_symbol() in quirks.c
PCI: fix hotplug get_##name return value problem
...
This patch adds the CONFIG_PCI_QUIRKS option which allows to remove all
the PCI quirks, which are not necessarily used on embedded systems when
PCI is working properly. As this is a size-reduction option, it depends
on CONFIG_EMBEDDED. It allows to save almost 12 kilobytes of kernel
code:
text data bss dec hex filename
1287806 123596 212992 1624394 18c94a vmlinux.old
1275854 123596 212992 1612442 189a9a vmlinux
-11952 0 0 -11952 -2EB0 +/-
This patch has originally been written by Zwane Mwaikambo
<zwane@arm.linux.org.uk> and is part of the Linux Tiny project.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
This patch implements a new freezer subsystem in the control groups
framework. It provides a way to stop and resume execution of all tasks in
a cgroup by writing in the cgroup filesystem.
The freezer subsystem in the container filesystem defines a file named
freezer.state. Writing "FROZEN" to the state file will freeze all tasks
in the cgroup. Subsequently writing "RUNNING" will unfreeze the tasks in
the cgroup. Reading will return the current state.
* Examples of usage :
# mkdir /containers/freezer
# mount -t cgroup -ofreezer freezer /containers
# mkdir /containers/0
# echo $some_pid > /containers/0/tasks
to get status of the freezer subsystem :
# cat /containers/0/freezer.state
RUNNING
to freeze all tasks in the container :
# echo FROZEN > /containers/0/freezer.state
# cat /containers/0/freezer.state
FREEZING
# cat /containers/0/freezer.state
FROZEN
to unfreeze all tasks in the container :
# echo RUNNING > /containers/0/freezer.state
# cat /containers/0/freezer.state
RUNNING
This is the basic mechanism which should do the right thing for user space
task in a simple scenario.
It's important to note that freezing can be incomplete. In that case we
return EBUSY. This means that some tasks in the cgroup are busy doing
something that prevents us from completely freezing the cgroup at this
time. After EBUSY, the cgroup will remain partially frozen -- reflected
by freezer.state reporting "FREEZING" when read. The state will remain
"FREEZING" until one of these things happens:
1) Userspace cancels the freezing operation by writing "RUNNING" to
the freezer.state file
2) Userspace retries the freezing operation by writing "FROZEN" to
the freezer.state file (writing "FREEZING" is not legal
and returns EIO)
3) The tasks that blocked the cgroup from entering the "FROZEN"
state disappear from the cgroup's set of tasks.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: export thaw_process]
Signed-off-by: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Rewrite the vmap allocator to use rbtrees and lazy tlb flushing, and
provide a fast, scalable percpu frontend for small vmaps (requires a
slightly different API, though).
The biggest problem with vmap is actually vunmap. Presently this requires
a global kernel TLB flush, which on most architectures is a broadcast IPI
to all CPUs to flush the cache. This is all done under a global lock. As
the number of CPUs increases, so will the number of vunmaps a scaled
workload will want to perform, and so will the cost of a global TLB flush.
This gives terrible quadratic scalability characteristics.
Another problem is that the entire vmap subsystem works under a single
lock. It is a rwlock, but it is actually taken for write in all the fast
paths, and the read locking would likely never be run concurrently anyway,
so it's just pointless.
This is a rewrite of vmap subsystem to solve those problems. The existing
vmalloc API is implemented on top of the rewritten subsystem.
The TLB flushing problem is solved by using lazy TLB unmapping. vmap
addresses do not have to be flushed immediately when they are vunmapped,
because the kernel will not reuse them again (would be a use-after-free)
until they are reallocated. So the addresses aren't allocated again until
a subsequent TLB flush. A single TLB flush then can flush multiple
vunmaps from each CPU.
XEN and PAT and such do not like deferred TLB flushing because they can't
always handle multiple aliasing virtual addresses to a physical address.
They now call vm_unmap_aliases() in order to flush any deferred mappings.
That call is very expensive (well, actually not a lot more expensive than
a single vunmap under the old scheme), however it should be OK if not
called too often.
The virtual memory extent information is stored in an rbtree rather than a
linked list to improve the algorithmic scalability.
There is a per-CPU allocator for small vmaps, which amortizes or avoids
global locking.
To use the per-CPU interface, the vm_map_ram / vm_unmap_ram interfaces
must be used in place of vmap and vunmap. Vmalloc does not use these
interfaces at the moment, so it will not be quite so scalable (although it
will use lazy TLB flushing).
As a quick test of performance, I ran a test that loops in the kernel,
linearly mapping then touching then unmapping 4 pages. Different numbers
of tests were run in parallel on an 4 core, 2 socket opteron. Results are
in nanoseconds per map+touch+unmap.
threads vanilla vmap rewrite
1 14700 2900
2 33600 3000
4 49500 2800
8 70631 2900
So with a 8 cores, the rewritten version is already 25x faster.
In a slightly more realistic test (although with an older and less
scalable version of the patch), I ripped the not-very-good vunmap batching
code out of XFS, and implemented the large buffer mapping with vm_map_ram
and vm_unmap_ram... along with a couple of other tricks, I was able to
speed up a large directory workload by 20x on a 64 CPU system. I believe
vmap/vunmap is actually sped up a lot more than 20x on such a system, but
I'm running into other locks now. vmap is pretty well blown off the
profiles.
Before:
1352059 total 0.1401
798784 _write_lock 8320.6667 <- vmlist_lock
529313 default_idle 1181.5022
15242 smp_call_function 15.8771 <- vmap tlb flushing
2472 __get_vm_area_node 1.9312 <- vmap
1762 remove_vm_area 4.5885 <- vunmap
316 map_vm_area 0.2297 <- vmap
312 kfree 0.1950
300 _spin_lock 3.1250
252 sn_send_IPI_phys 0.4375 <- tlb flushing
238 vmap 0.8264 <- vmap
216 find_lock_page 0.5192
196 find_next_bit 0.3603
136 sn2_send_IPI 0.2024
130 pio_phys_write_mmr 2.0312
118 unmap_kernel_range 0.1229
After:
78406 total 0.0081
40053 default_idle 89.4040
33576 ia64_spinlock_contention 349.7500
1650 _spin_lock 17.1875
319 __reg_op 0.5538
281 _atomic_dec_and_lock 1.0977
153 mutex_unlock 1.5938
123 iget_locked 0.1671
117 xfs_dir_lookup 0.1662
117 dput 0.1406
114 xfs_iget_core 0.0268
92 xfs_da_hashname 0.1917
75 d_alloc 0.0670
68 vmap_page_range 0.0462 <- vmap
58 kmem_cache_alloc 0.0604
57 memset 0.0540
52 rb_next 0.1625
50 __copy_user 0.0208
49 bitmap_find_free_region 0.2188 <- vmap
46 ia64_sn_udelay 0.1106
45 find_inode_fast 0.1406
42 memcmp 0.2188
42 finish_task_switch 0.1094
42 __d_lookup 0.0410
40 radix_tree_lookup_slot 0.1250
37 _spin_unlock_irqrestore 0.3854
36 xfs_bmapi 0.0050
36 kmem_cache_free 0.0256
35 xfs_vn_getattr 0.0322
34 radix_tree_lookup 0.1062
33 __link_path_walk 0.0035
31 xfs_da_do_buf 0.0091
30 _xfs_buf_find 0.0204
28 find_get_page 0.0875
27 xfs_iread 0.0241
27 __strncpy_from_user 0.2812
26 _xfs_buf_initialize 0.0406
24 _xfs_buf_lookup_pages 0.0179
24 vunmap_page_range 0.0250 <- vunmap
23 find_lock_page 0.0799
22 vm_map_ram 0.0087 <- vmap
20 kfree 0.0125
19 put_page 0.0330
18 __kmalloc 0.0176
17 xfs_da_node_lookup_int 0.0086
17 _read_lock 0.0885
17 page_waitqueue 0.0664
vmap has gone from being the top 5 on the profiles and flushing the crap
out of all TLBs, to using less than 1% of kernel time.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanups, section fix]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build on alpha]
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Cc: Krzysztof Helt <krzysztof.h1@poczta.fm>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch fixes the following compile error caused by commit
589f800bb1 ("fastboot: make the raid
autodetect code wait for all devices to init"):
CC init/do_mounts_md.o
init/do_mounts_md.c: In function 'autodetect_raid':
init/do_mounts_md.c:285: error: implicit declaration of function 'msleep'
make[2]: *** [init/do_mounts_md.o] Error 1
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patchs adds the CONFIG_AIO option which allows to remove support
for asynchronous I/O operations, that are not necessarly used by
applications, particularly on embedded devices. As this is a
size-reduction option, it depends on CONFIG_EMBEDDED. It allows to
save ~7 kilobytes of kernel code/data:
text data bss dec hex filename
1115067 119180 217088 1451335 162547 vmlinux
1108025 119048 217088 1444161 160941 vmlinux.new
-7042 -132 0 -7174 -1C06 +/-
This patch has been originally written by Matt Mackall
<mpm@selenic.com>, and is part of the Linux Tiny project.
[randy.dunlap@oracle.com: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Cc: Benjamin LaHaise <bcrl@kvack.org>
Cc: Zach Brown <zach.brown@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When unpacking the cpio into the initramfs, mtimes are not preserved by
default. This patch adds an INITRAMFS_PRESERVE_MTIME option that allows
mtimes stored in the cpio image to be used when constructing the
initramfs.
For embedded applications that run exclusively out of the initramfs, this
is invaluable:
When building embedded application initramfs images, its nice to know when
the files were actually created during the build process - that makes it
easier to see what files were modified when so we can compare the files
that are being used on the image with the files used during the build
process. This might help (for example) to determine if the target system
has all the updated files you expect to see w/o having to check MD5s etc.
In our environment, the whole system runs off the initramfs partition, and
seeing the modified times of the shared libraries (for example) helps us
find bugs that may have been introduced by the build system incorrectly
propogating outdated shared libraries into the image.
Similarly, many of the initializion/configuration files in /etc might be
dynamically built by the build system, and knowing when they were modified
helps us sanity check whether the target system has the "latest" files
etc.
Finally, we might use last modified times to determine whether a hot fix
should be applied or not to the running ramfs.
Signed-off-by: Nye Liu <nyet@nyet.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
identify_ramdisk_image() returns 0 (not -1) if a gzipped ramdisk is found:
if (buf[0] == 037 && ((buf[1] == 0213) || (buf[1] == 0236))) {
printk(KERN_NOTICE
"RAMDISK: Compressed image found at block %d\n",
start_block);
nblocks = 0;
^^^^^^^^^^^
goto done;
}
...
done:
sys_lseek(fd, start_block * BLOCK_SIZE, 0);
kfree(buf);
return nblocks;
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Hence correct the typo in the comment, which has existed since the
addition of compressed ramdisk support in 1.3.48.
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <Geert.Uytterhoeven@sonycom.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arjan/linux-2.6-fastboot:
raid, fastboot: hide RAID autodetect option if MD is compiled as a module
raid: make RAID autodetect default a KConfig option
warning: fix init do_mounts_md c
fastboot: make the RAID autostart code print a message just before waiting
fastboot: make the raid autodetect code wait for all devices to init
fastboot: Fix bootgraph.pl initcall name regexp
fastboot: fix issues and improve output of bootgraph.pl
Add a script to visualize the kernel boot process / time
Change the time resolution for initcall_debug to microseconds, from
milliseconds. This is handy to determine which initcalls you want to work
on for faster booting.
One one of my test machines, over 90% of the initcalls are less than a
millisecond and (without this patch) these are all reported as 0 msecs.
Working on the 900 us ones is more important than the 4 us ones.
With 'quiet' on the kernel command line, this adds no significant overhead
to kernel boot time.
Signed-off-by: Tim Bird <tim.bird@am.sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
At this time, only built-in initcalls interest us.
We can't really produce a relevant graph if we include
the modules initcall too.
I had good results after this patch (see svg in attachment).
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
After some initcall traces, some initcall names may be inconsistent.
That's because these functions will disappear from the .init section
and also their name from the symbols table.
So we have to copy the name of the function in a buffer large enough
during the trace appending. It is not costly for the ring_buffer because
the number of initcall entries is commonly not really large.
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Change the boot tracer printing to make it parsable for
the scripts/bootgraph.pl script.
We have now to output two lines for each initcall, according to the
printk in do_one_initcall() in init/main.c
We need now the call's time and the return's time.
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Launch the boot tracing inside the initcall_debug area. Old printk
have not been removed to keep the old way of initcall tracing for
backward compatibility.
[ mingo@elte.hu: resolved conflicts ]
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
When optimizing the kernel boot time, it's very valuable to visualize
what is going on at which time. In addition, with the fastboot asynchronous
initcall level, it's very valuable to see which initcall gets run where
and when.
This patch adds a script to turn a dmesg into a SVG graph (that can be
shown with tools such as InkScape, Gimp or Firefox) and a small change
to the initcall code to print the PID of the thread calling the initcall
(so that the script can work out the parallelism).
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
This is the infrastructure to the converting the mcount call sites
recorded by the __mcount_loc section into nops on boot. It also allows
for using these sites to enable tracing as normal. When the __mcount_loc
section is used, the "ftraced" kernel thread is disabled.
This uses the current infrastructure to record the mcount call sites
as well as convert them to nops. The mcount function is kept as a stub
on boot up and not converted to the ftrace_record_ip function. We use the
ftrace_record_ip to only record from the table.
This patch does not handle modules. That comes with a later patch.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
do not expose users to CONFIG_TRACEPOINTS - tracers can select it
just fine.
update ftrace to select CONFIG_TRACEPOINTS.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Implementation of kernel tracepoints. Inspired from the Linux Kernel
Markers. Allows complete typing verification by declaring both tracing
statement inline functions and probe registration/unregistration static
inline functions within the same macro "DEFINE_TRACE". No format string
is required. See the tracepoint Documentation and Samples patches for
usage examples.
Taken from the documentation patch :
"A tracepoint placed in code provides a hook to call a function (probe)
that you can provide at runtime. A tracepoint can be "on" (a probe is
connected to it) or "off" (no probe is attached). When a tracepoint is
"off" it has no effect, except for adding a tiny time penalty (checking
a condition for a branch) and space penalty (adding a few bytes for the
function call at the end of the instrumented function and adds a data
structure in a separate section). When a tracepoint is "on", the
function you provide is called each time the tracepoint is executed, in
the execution context of the caller. When the function provided ends its
execution, it returns to the caller (continuing from the tracepoint
site).
You can put tracepoints at important locations in the code. They are
lightweight hooks that can pass an arbitrary number of parameters, which
prototypes are described in a tracepoint declaration placed in a header
file."
Addition and removal of tracepoints is synchronized by RCU using the
scheduler (and preempt_disable) as guarantees to find a quiescent state
(this is really RCU "classic"). The update side uses rcu_barrier_sched()
with call_rcu_sched() and the read/execute side uses
"preempt_disable()/preempt_enable()".
We make sure the previous array containing probes, which has been
scheduled for deletion by the rcu callback, is indeed freed before we
proceed to the next update. It therefore limits the rate of modification
of a single tracepoint to one update per RCU period. The objective here
is to permit fast batch add/removal of probes on _different_
tracepoints.
Changelog :
- Use #name ":" #proto as string to identify the tracepoint in the
tracepoint table. This will make sure not type mismatch happens due to
connexion of a probe with the wrong type to a tracepoint declared with
the same name in a different header.
- Add tracepoint_entry_free_old.
- Change __TO_TRACE to get rid of the 'i' iterator.
Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> :
Tested on x86-64.
Performance impact of a tracepoint : same as markers, except that it
adds about 70 bytes of instructions in an unlikely branch of each
instrumented function (the for loop, the stack setup and the function
call). It currently adds a memory read, a test and a conditional branch
at the instrumentation site (in the hot path). Immediate values will
eventually change this into a load immediate, test and branch, which
removes the memory read which will make the i-cache impact smaller
(changing the memory read for a load immediate removes 3-4 bytes per
site on x86_32 (depending on mov prefixes), or 7-8 bytes on x86_64, it
also saves the d-cache hit).
About the performance impact of tracepoints (which is comparable to
markers), even without immediate values optimizations, tests done by
Hideo Aoki on ia64 show no regression. His test case was using hackbench
on a kernel where scheduler instrumentation (about 5 events in code
scheduler code) was added.
Quoting Hideo Aoki about Markers :
I evaluated overhead of kernel marker using linux-2.6-sched-fixes git
tree, which includes several markers for LTTng, using an ia64 server.
While the immediate trace mark feature isn't implemented on ia64, there
is no major performance regression. So, I think that we don't have any
issues to propose merging marker point patches into Linus's tree from
the viewpoint of performance impact.
I prepared two kernels to evaluate. The first one was compiled without
CONFIG_MARKERS. The second one was enabled CONFIG_MARKERS.
I downloaded the original hackbench from the following URL:
http://devresources.linux-foundation.org/craiger/hackbench/src/hackbench.c
I ran hackbench 5 times in each condition and calculated the average and
difference between the kernels.
The parameter of hackbench: every 50 from 50 to 800
The number of CPUs of the server: 2, 4, and 8
Below is the results. As you can see, major performance regression
wasn't found in any case. Even if number of processes increases,
differences between marker-enabled kernel and marker- disabled kernel
doesn't increase. Moreover, if number of CPUs increases, the differences
doesn't increase either.
Curiously, marker-enabled kernel is better than marker-disabled kernel
in more than half cases, although I guess it comes from the difference
of memory access pattern.
* 2 CPUs
Number of | without | with | diff | diff |
processes | Marker [Sec] | Marker [Sec] | [Sec] | [%] |
--------------------------------------------------------------
50 | 4.811 | 4.872 | +0.061 | +1.27 |
100 | 9.854 | 10.309 | +0.454 | +4.61 |
150 | 15.602 | 15.040 | -0.562 | -3.6 |
200 | 20.489 | 20.380 | -0.109 | -0.53 |
250 | 25.798 | 25.652 | -0.146 | -0.56 |
300 | 31.260 | 30.797 | -0.463 | -1.48 |
350 | 36.121 | 35.770 | -0.351 | -0.97 |
400 | 42.288 | 42.102 | -0.186 | -0.44 |
450 | 47.778 | 47.253 | -0.526 | -1.1 |
500 | 51.953 | 52.278 | +0.325 | +0.63 |
550 | 58.401 | 57.700 | -0.701 | -1.2 |
600 | 63.334 | 63.222 | -0.112 | -0.18 |
650 | 68.816 | 68.511 | -0.306 | -0.44 |
700 | 74.667 | 74.088 | -0.579 | -0.78 |
750 | 78.612 | 79.582 | +0.970 | +1.23 |
800 | 85.431 | 85.263 | -0.168 | -0.2 |
--------------------------------------------------------------
* 4 CPUs
Number of | without | with | diff | diff |
processes | Marker [Sec] | Marker [Sec] | [Sec] | [%] |
--------------------------------------------------------------
50 | 2.586 | 2.584 | -0.003 | -0.1 |
100 | 5.254 | 5.283 | +0.030 | +0.56 |
150 | 8.012 | 8.074 | +0.061 | +0.76 |
200 | 11.172 | 11.000 | -0.172 | -1.54 |
250 | 13.917 | 14.036 | +0.119 | +0.86 |
300 | 16.905 | 16.543 | -0.362 | -2.14 |
350 | 19.901 | 20.036 | +0.135 | +0.68 |
400 | 22.908 | 23.094 | +0.186 | +0.81 |
450 | 26.273 | 26.101 | -0.172 | -0.66 |
500 | 29.554 | 29.092 | -0.461 | -1.56 |
550 | 32.377 | 32.274 | -0.103 | -0.32 |
600 | 35.855 | 35.322 | -0.533 | -1.49 |
650 | 39.192 | 38.388 | -0.804 | -2.05 |
700 | 41.744 | 41.719 | -0.025 | -0.06 |
750 | 45.016 | 44.496 | -0.520 | -1.16 |
800 | 48.212 | 47.603 | -0.609 | -1.26 |
--------------------------------------------------------------
* 8 CPUs
Number of | without | with | diff | diff |
processes | Marker [Sec] | Marker [Sec] | [Sec] | [%] |
--------------------------------------------------------------
50 | 2.094 | 2.072 | -0.022 | -1.07 |
100 | 4.162 | 4.273 | +0.111 | +2.66 |
150 | 6.485 | 6.540 | +0.055 | +0.84 |
200 | 8.556 | 8.478 | -0.078 | -0.91 |
250 | 10.458 | 10.258 | -0.200 | -1.91 |
300 | 12.425 | 12.750 | +0.325 | +2.62 |
350 | 14.807 | 14.839 | +0.032 | +0.22 |
400 | 16.801 | 16.959 | +0.158 | +0.94 |
450 | 19.478 | 19.009 | -0.470 | -2.41 |
500 | 21.296 | 21.504 | +0.208 | +0.98 |
550 | 23.842 | 23.979 | +0.137 | +0.57 |
600 | 26.309 | 26.111 | -0.198 | -0.75 |
650 | 28.705 | 28.446 | -0.259 | -0.9 |
700 | 31.233 | 31.394 | +0.161 | +0.52 |
750 | 34.064 | 33.720 | -0.344 | -1.01 |
800 | 36.320 | 36.114 | -0.206 | -0.57 |
--------------------------------------------------------------
Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com>
Acked-by: 'Peter Zijlstra' <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* 'proc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/adobriyan/proc:
proc: remove kernel.maps_protect
proc: remove now unneeded ADDBUF macro
[PATCH] proc: show personality via /proc/pid/personality
[PATCH] signal, procfs: some lock_task_sighand() users do not need rcu_read_lock()
proc: move PROC_PAGE_MONITOR to fs/proc/Kconfig
proc: make grab_header() static
proc: remove unused get_dma_list()
proc: remove dummy vmcore_open()
proc: proc_sys_root tweak
proc: fix return value of proc_reg_open() in "too late" case
Fixed up trivial conflict in removed file arch/sparc/include/asm/dma_32.h
RAID autodetect has the side effect of requiring synchronisation
of all device drivers, which can make the boot several seconds longer
(I've measured 7 on one of my laptops).... even for systems that don't
have RAID setup for the root filesystem (the only FS where this matters).
This patch makes the default for autodetect a config option; either way
the user can always override via the kernel command line.
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
fix warning:
init/do_mounts_md.c: In function ‘md_run_setup’:
init/do_mounts_md.c:282: warning: ISO C90 forbids mixed declarations and code
also, use the opportunity to put the RAID autodetection code
into a separate function - this also solves a checkpatch style warning.
No code changed:
md5:
aa36a35faef371b05f1974ad583bdbbd do_mounts_md.o.before.asm
aa36a35faef371b05f1974ad583bdbbd do_mounts_md.o.after.asm
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
As requested/suggested by Neil Brown: make the raid code print that it's
about to wait for probing to be done as well as give a suggestion on how
to disable the probing if the user doesn't use raid.
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com
The raid autodetect code really needs to have all devices probed before
it can detect raid arrays; not doing so would give rather messy situations
where arrays would get detected as degraded while they shouldn't be etc.
This is in preparation of removing the "wait for everything to init"
code that makes everyone pay, not just raid users.
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
When optimizing the kernel boot time, it's very valuable to visualize
what is going on at which time. In addition, with some of the initializing
going asynchronous soon, it's valuable to track/print which worker thread
is executing the initialization.
This patch adds a script to turn a dmesg into a SVG graph (that can be
shown with tools such as InkScape, Gimp or Firefox) and a small change
to the initcall code to print the PID of the thread calling the initcall
(so that the script can work out the parallelism).
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
DEBUG_BLOCK_EXT_DEVT shuffles SCSI and IDE device numbers and root
device number set using rdev become meaningless. Root devices should
be explicitly specified using textual names. Warn about it if root
can't be found and DEBUG_BLOCK_EXT_DEVT is enabled. Also, add warning
to the help text.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <bzolnier@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
.. small detail, but the silly e1000e initcall warning debugging caused
me to look at this code. Rather than gouge my eyes out with a spoon, I
just fixed it.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
I noticed that sysctl_check.o was the largest object file in
a allnoconfig build in kernel/*.
36243 0 0 36243 8d93 kernel/sysctl_check.o
This is because it was default y and && EMBEDDED. But I don't
really see a need for a non kernel developer to have their
sysctls checked all the time.
So move the Kconfig into the kernel debugging section and
also drop the default y and the EMBEDDED check.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The kernel has this really nice facility where if you put "initcall_debug"
on the kernel commandline, it'll print which function it's going to
execute just before calling an initcall, and then after the call completes
it will
1) print if it had an error code
2) checks for a few simple bugs (like leaving irqs off)
and
3) print how long the init call took in milliseconds.
While trying to optimize the boot speed of my laptop, I have been loving
number 3 to figure out what to optimize... ... and then I wished that
the same thing was done for module loading.
This patch makes the module loader use this exact same functionality; it's
a logical extension in my view (since modules are just sort of late
binding initcalls anyway) and so far I've found it quite useful in finding
where things are too slow in my boot.
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Given that the init/Kconfig file uses a "menuconfig" directive for
modules already, might as well wrap all the submenu entries in an "if"
to toss all those dependencies.
Signed-off-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/sam/kbuild-fixes:
kbuild: scripts/ver_linux: don't set PATH
Kconfig/init: change help text to match default value
kbuild: genksyms: Include extern information in dumps
kbuild: genksyms parser: fix the __attribute__ rule
kbuild: scripts/genksyms/lex.l: add %option noinput
kconfig: scripts/kconfig/zconf.l: add %option noinput
kbuild: fix O=... build of um
Change the "If unsure" message to match the default value.
Signed-off-by: John Kacur <jkacur at gmail dot com>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
commit fb6624ebd9 (initrd: Fix virtual/physical
mix-up in overwrite test) introduced the compiler warning below on mips,
as its virt_to_page() doesn't cast the passed address to unsigned long
internally, unlike on most other architectures:
init/main.c: In function `start_kernel':
init/main.c:633: warning: passing argument 1 of `virt_to_phys' makes pointer from integer without a cast
init/main.c:636: warning: passing argument 1 of `virt_to_phys' makes pointer from integer without a cast
For now, kill the warning by explicitly casting initrd_start to `void *', as
that's the type it should really be.
Reported-by: Atsushi Nemoto <anemo@mba.ocn.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Rabin Vincent noticed that there's a stray <6> in BogoMIPS printk:
> Remove the extra KERN_INFO which causes this:
> Calibrating delay loop... <6>179.40 BogoMIPS (lpj=897024)
> - printk(KERN_INFO "%lu.%02lu BogoMIPS (lpj=%lu)\n",
> - loops_per_jiffy/(500000/HZ),
> - (loops_per_jiffy/(5000/HZ)) % 100, loops_per_jiffy);
> + printk("%lu.%02lu BogoMIPS (lpj=%lu)\n",
> + loops_per_jiffy/(500000/HZ),
> + (loops_per_jiffy/(5000/HZ)) % 100, loops_per_jiffy);
> }
How about just using KERN_CONT and leaving the whitespace
for a patch that does the entire file?
Reported-by: Rabin Vincent <rabin@rab.in>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/sam/kbuild-next: (25 commits)
setlocalversion: do not describe if there is nothing to describe
kconfig: fix typos: "Suport" -> "Support"
kconfig: make defconfig is no longer chatty
kconfig: make oldconfig is now less chatty
kconfig: speed up all*config + randconfig
kconfig: set all new symbols automatically
kconfig: add diffconfig utility
kbuild: remove Module.markers during mrproper
kbuild: sparse needs CF not CHECKFLAGS
kernel-doc: handle/strip __init
vmlinux.lds: move __attribute__((__cold__)) functions back into final .text section
init: fix URL of "The GNU Accounting Utilities"
kbuild: add arch/$ARCH/include to search path
kbuild: asm symlink support for arch/$ARCH/include
kbuild: support arch/$ARCH/include for tags, cscope
kbuild: prepare headers_* for arch/$ARCH/include
kbuild: install all headers when arch is changed
kbuild: make clean removes *.o.* as well
kbuild: optimize headers_* targets
kbuild: only one call for include/ in make headers_*
...
This patch makes the needlessly global root_device_name static.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A previous patch added the early_initcall(), to allow a cleaner hooking of
pre-SMP initcalls. Now we remove the older interface, converting all
existing users to the new one.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanups]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix]
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: warning fix]
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: warning fix]
Signed-off-by: Eduard - Gabriel Munteanu <eduard.munteanu@linux360.ro>
Cc: Tom Zanussi <tzanussi@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Added early initcall (pre-SMP) support, using an identical interface to
that of regular initcalls. Functions called from do_pre_smp_initcalls()
could be converted to use this cleaner interface.
This is required by CPU hotplug, because early users have to register
notifiers before going SMP. One such CPU hotplug user is the relay
interface with buffer-only channels, which needs to register such a
notifier, to be usable in early code. This in turn is used by kmemtrace.
Signed-off-by: Eduard - Gabriel Munteanu <eduard.munteanu@linux360.ro>
Cc: Tom Zanussi <tzanussi@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Following patch corrects URL of "The GNU Accounting Utilities" in init/Kconfig.
Noticed by: Bart Van Assche" <bart.vanassche@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: S.Çağlar Onur <caglar@pardus.org.tr>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
This patch adds proper prototypes for pid{hash,map}_init() in
include/linux/pid_namespace.h
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
int Version_* is only used with ksymoops, which is only needed (according
to README and Documentation/Changes) if CONFIG_KALLSYMS is NOT defined.
Therefore this patch defines version_string only if CONFIG_KALLSYMS is not
defined.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Guilak <daniel@danielguilak.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Inflate requires some dynamic memory allocation very early in the boot
process and this is provided with a set of four functions:
malloc/free/gzip_mark/gzip_release.
The old inflate code used a mark/release strategy rather than implement
free. This new version instead keeps a count on the number of outstanding
allocations and when it hits zero, it resets the malloc arena.
This allows removing all the mark and release implementations and unifying
all the malloc/free implementations.
The architecture-dependent code must define two addresses:
- free_mem_ptr, the address of the beginning of the area in which
allocations should be made
- free_mem_end_ptr, the address of the end of the area in which
allocations should be made. If set to 0, then no check is made on
the number of allocations, it just grows as much as needed
The architecture-dependent code can also provide an arch_decomp_wdog()
function call. This function will be called several times during the
decompression process, and allow to notify the watchdog that the system is
still running. If an architecture provides such a call, then it must
define ARCH_HAS_DECOMP_WDOG so that the generic inflate code calls
arch_decomp_wdog().
Work initially done by Matt Mackall, updated to a recent version of the
kernel and improved by me.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: Mikael Starvik <mikael.starvik@axis.com>
Cc: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com>
Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@atmel.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Acked-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Acked-by: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There seems to be little point in explicitly setting, then testing the macro
BUILD_CRAMDISK within the context of a single source file.
Signed-off-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Every file should include the headers containing the externs for its
global code (in this case for rd_doload).
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* 'sched/for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
sched: hrtick_enabled() should use cpu_active()
sched, x86: clean up hrtick implementation
sched: fix build error, provide partition_sched_domains() unconditionally
sched: fix warning in inc_rt_tasks() to not declare variable 'rq' if it's not needed
cpu hotplug: Make cpu_active_map synchronization dependency clear
cpu hotplug, sched: Introduce cpu_active_map and redo sched domain managment (take 2)
sched: rework of "prioritize non-migratable tasks over migratable ones"
sched: reduce stack size in isolated_cpu_setup()
Revert parts of "ftrace: do not trace scheduler functions"
Fixed up conflicts in include/asm-x86/thread_info.h (due to the
TIF_SINGLESTEP unification vs TIF_HRTICK_RESCHED removal) and
kernel/sched_fair.c (due to cpu_active_map vs for_each_cpu_mask_nr()
introduction).
... as preparation for removing it completely, make it an
invisible bool defaulting to yes.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
module.c and module.h conatains code for finding
exported symbols which are declared with EXPORT_UNUSED_SYMBOL,
and this code is compiled in even if CONFIG_UNUSED_SYMBOLS is not set
and thus there can be no EXPORT_UNUSED_SYMBOLs in modules anyway
(because EXPORT_UNUSED_SYMBOL(x) are compiled out to nothing then).
This patch adds required #ifdefs.
Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
On recent kernels, I get the following error when using an initrd:
| initrd overwritten (0x00b78000 < 0x07668000) - disabling it.
My Amiga 4000 has 12 MiB of RAM at physical address 0x07400000 (virtual
0x00000000).
The initrd is located at the end of RAM: 0x00b78000 - 0x00c00000 (virtual).
The overwrite test compares the (virtual) initrd location to the (physical)
first available memory location, which fails.
This patch converts initrd_start to a page frame number, so it can safely be
compared with min_low_pfn.
Before the introduction of discontiguous memory support on m68k
(12d810c1b8), min_low_pfn was just left
untouched by the m68k-specific code (zero, I guess), and everything worked
fine.
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This is based on Linus' idea of creating cpu_active_map that prevents
scheduler load balancer from migrating tasks to the cpu that is going
down.
It allows us to simplify domain management code and avoid unecessary
domain rebuilds during cpu hotplug event handling.
Please ignore the cpusets part for now. It needs some more work in order
to avoid crazy lock nesting. Although I did simplfy and unify domain
reinitialization logic. We now simply call partition_sched_domains() in
all the cases. This means that we're using exact same code paths as in
cpusets case and hence the test below cover cpusets too.
Cpuset changes to make rebuild_sched_domains() callable from various
contexts are in the separate patch (right next after this one).
This not only boots but also easily handles
while true; do make clean; make -j 8; done
and
while true; do on-off-cpu 1; done
at the same time.
(on-off-cpu 1 simple does echo 0/1 > /sys/.../cpu1/online thing).
Suprisingly the box (dual-core Core2) is quite usable. In fact I'm typing
this on right now in gnome-terminal and things are moving just fine.
Also this is running with most of the debug features enabled (lockdep,
mutex, etc) no BUG_ONs or lockdep complaints so far.
I believe I addressed all of the Dmitry's comments for original Linus'
version. I changed both fair and rt balancer to mask out non-active cpus.
And replaced cpu_is_offline() with !cpu_active() in the main scheduler
code where it made sense (to me).
Signed-off-by: Max Krasnyanskiy <maxk@qualcomm.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Gregory Haskins <ghaskins@novell.com>
Cc: dmitry.adamushko@gmail.com
Cc: pj@sgi.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* 'for_linus' of git://git.infradead.org/~dedekind/ubifs-2.6:
UBIFS: include to compilation
UBIFS: add new flash file system
UBIFS: add brief documentation
MAINTAINERS: add UBIFS section
do_mounts: allow UBI root device name
VFS: export sync_sb_inodes
VFS: move inode_lock into sync_sb_inodes
* 'generic-ipi-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (22 commits)
generic-ipi: more merge fallout
generic-ipi: merge fix
x86, visws: use mach-default/entry_arch.h
x86, visws: fix generic-ipi build
generic-ipi: fixlet
generic-ipi: fix s390 build bug
generic-ipi: fix linux-next tree build failure
fix: "smp_call_function: get rid of the unused nonatomic/retry argument"
fix: "smp_call_function: get rid of the unused nonatomic/retry argument"
fix "smp_call_function: get rid of the unused nonatomic/retry argument"
on_each_cpu(): kill unused 'retry' parameter
smp_call_function: get rid of the unused nonatomic/retry argument
sh: convert to generic helpers for IPI function calls
parisc: convert to generic helpers for IPI function calls
mips: convert to generic helpers for IPI function calls
m32r: convert to generic helpers for IPI function calls
arm: convert to generic helpers for IPI function calls
alpha: convert to generic helpers for IPI function calls
ia64: convert to generic helpers for IPI function calls
powerpc: convert to generic helpers for IPI function calls
...
Fix trivial conflicts due to rcu updates in kernel/rcupdate.c manually
Currently x86_32, sh and cris-v32 provide per-device coherent dma
memory allocator.
However their implementation is nearly identical. Refactor out
common code to be reused by them.
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Baryshkov <dbaryshkov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This adds kernel/smp.c which contains helpers for IPI function calls. In
addition to supporting the existing smp_call_function() in a more efficient
manner, it also adds a more scalable variant called smp_call_function_single()
for calling a given function on a single CPU only.
The core of this is based on the x86-64 patch from Nick Piggin, lots of
changes since then. "Alan D. Brunelle" <Alan.Brunelle@hp.com> has
contributed lots of fixes and suggestions as well. Also thanks to
Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> for reviewing RCU usage
and getting rid of the data allocation fallback deadlock.
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Reviewed-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
As suggested by Ingo, remove all references to tsc from init/calibrate.c
TSC is x86 specific, and using tsc in variable names in a generic file should
be avoided. lpj_tsc is now called lpj_fine, since it is related to fine tuning
of lpj value. Also tsc_rate_* is called timer_rate_*
Signed-off-by: Alok N Kataria <akataria@vmware.com>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Cc: Daniel Hecht <dhecht@vmware.com>
Cc: Tim Mann <mann@vmware.com>
Cc: Zach Amsden <zach@vmware.com>
Cc: Sahil Rihan <srihan@vmware.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
On the x86 platform we can use the value of tsc_khz computed during tsc
calibration to calculate the loops_per_jiffy value. Its very important
to keep the error in lpj values to minimum as any error in that may
result in kernel panic in check_timer. In virtualization environment, On
a highly overloaded host the guest delay calibration may sometimes
result in errors beyond the ~50% that timer_irq_works can handle,
resulting in the guest panicking.
Does some formating changes to lpj_setup code to now have a single
printk to print the bogomips value.
We do this only for the boot processor because the AP's can have
different base frequencies or the BIOS might boot a AP at a different
frequency.
Signed-off-by: Alok N Kataria <akataria@vmware.com>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Cc: Daniel Hecht <dhecht@vmware.com>
Cc: Tim Mann <mann@vmware.com>
Cc: Zach Amsden <zach@vmware.com>
Cc: Sahil Rihan <srihan@vmware.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
init/Kconfig contains a list of configs that are searched
for if 'make *config' are used with no .config present.
Extend this list to look at the config identified by
ARCH_DEFCONFIG.
With this change we now try the defconfig targets last.
This fixes a regression reported
by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
This patch adds a proper extern for mdp_major in include/linux/raid/md.h
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fourth cut of patch to provide the call_rcu_sched(). This is again to
synchronize_sched() as call_rcu() is to synchronize_rcu().
Should be fine for experimental and -rt use, but not ready for inclusion.
With some luck, I will be able to tell Andrew to come out of hiding on
the next round.
Passes multi-day rcutorture sessions with concurrent CPU hotplugging.
Fixes since the first version include a bug that could result in
indefinite blocking (spotted by Gautham Shenoy), better resiliency
against CPU-hotplug operations, and other minor fixes.
Fixes since the second version include reworking grace-period detection
to avoid deadlocks that could happen when running concurrently with
CPU hotplug, adding Mathieu's fix to avoid the softlockup messages,
as well as Mathieu's fix to allow use earlier in boot.
Fixes since the third version include a wrong-CPU bug spotted by
Andrew, getting rid of the obsolete synchronize_kernel API that somehow
snuck back in, merging spin_unlock() and local_irq_restore() in a
few places, commenting the code that checks for quiescent states based
on interrupting from user-mode execution or the idle loop, removing
some inline attributes, and some code-style changes.
Known/suspected shortcomings:
o I still do not entirely trust the sleep/wakeup logic. Next step
will be to use a private snapshot of the CPU online mask in
rcu_sched_grace_period() -- if the CPU wasn't there at the start
of the grace period, we don't need to hear from it. And the
bit about accounting for changes in online CPUs inside of
rcu_sched_grace_period() is ugly anyway.
o It might be good for rcu_sched_grace_period() to invoke
resched_cpu() when a given CPU wasn't responding quickly,
but resched_cpu() is declared static...
This patch also fixes a long-standing bug in the earlier preemptable-RCU
implementation of synchronize_rcu() that could result in loss of
concurrent external changes to a task's CPU affinity mask. I still cannot
remember who reported this...
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
This patch fixes a build bug on m68k - gcc decides to emit a call to the
strlen library function, which we don't implement.
More importantly - my previous patch "init: don't lose initcall return
values" (commit e662e1cfd4) had introduced
potential buffer overflow by wrong calculation of string accumulator
size.
Use strlcat() instead, fixing both bugs.
Many thanks Andreas Schwab and Geert Uytterhoeven for helping
to catch and fix the bug.
Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@gmail.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
One function to just loop over the entries, one function to actually do
the call and the associated debugging code.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Everybody wants to pass it a function pointer, and in fact, that is what
you _must_ pass it for it to make sense (since it knows that ia64 and
ppc64 use descriptors for function pointers and fetches the actual
address from there).
So don't make the argument be a 'unsigned long' and force everybody to
add a cast.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Some devices, like md, may create partitions only at first access,
so allow root= to be set to a valid non-existant partition of an
existing disk. This applies only to non-initramfs root mounting.
This fixes a regression from 2.6.24 which did allow this to happen and
broke some users machines :(
Acked-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Tested-by: Joao Luis Meloni Assirati <assirati@nonada.if.usp.br>
Cc: stable <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Yinghai Lu
James Morris
Will Newton
Ingo Molnar
Linus Torvalds
Mathieu Desnoyers
David Howells
Simon Arlott
Adrian Knoth
Frederic Weisbecker
Huang Weiyi
KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki
Alexey Dobriyan
Geert Uytterhoeven
Heiko Carstens
Rusty Russell
Thomas Petazzoni
Matt Helsley
Nick Piggin
Adrian Bunk
Thomas Petazzoni
Nye Liu
Geert Uytterhoeven
Tim Bird
Arjan van de Ven
Steven Rostedt
Tejun Heo
Andi Kleen
Robert P. J. Day
Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz
jkacur
Joe Perches
Eduard - Gabriel Munteanu
Heikki Orsila
S.Çağlar Onur
Daniel Guilak
Johannes Berg
Denys Vlasenko
Max Krasnyansky
Adrian Hunter
Dmitry Baryshkov
Jens Axboe
Alok Kataria
Sam Ravnborg
Paul E. McKenney
Cyrill Gorcunov
Kay Sievers