"monitonic raw". Also some enhancements to make the ring buffer even
faster. But the biggest and most noticeable change is the renaming of
the ftrace* files, structures and variables that have to deal with
trace events.
Over the years I've had several developers tell me about their confusion
with what ftrace is compared to events. Technically, "ftrace" is the
infrastructure to do the function hooks, which include tracing and also
helps with live kernel patching. But the trace events are a separate
entity altogether, and the files that affect the trace events should
not be named "ftrace". These include:
include/trace/ftrace.h -> include/trace/trace_events.h
include/linux/ftrace_event.h -> include/linux/trace_events.h
Also, functions that are specific for trace events have also been renamed:
ftrace_print_*() -> trace_print_*()
(un)register_ftrace_event() -> (un)register_trace_event()
ftrace_event_name() -> trace_event_name()
ftrace_trigger_soft_disabled()-> trace_trigger_soft_disabled()
ftrace_define_fields_##call() -> trace_define_fields_##call()
ftrace_get_offsets_##call() -> trace_get_offsets_##call()
Structures have been renamed:
ftrace_event_file -> trace_event_file
ftrace_event_{call,class} -> trace_event_{call,class}
ftrace_event_buffer -> trace_event_buffer
ftrace_subsystem_dir -> trace_subsystem_dir
ftrace_event_raw_##call -> trace_event_raw_##call
ftrace_event_data_offset_##call-> trace_event_data_offset_##call
ftrace_event_type_funcs_##call -> trace_event_type_funcs_##call
And a few various variables and flags have also been updated.
This has been sitting in linux-next for some time, and I have not heard
a single complaint about this rename breaking anything. Mostly because
these functions, variables and structures are mostly internal to the
tracing system and are seldom (if ever) used by anything external to that.
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Merge tag 'trace-v4.2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace
Pull tracing updates from Steven Rostedt:
"This patch series contains several clean ups and even a new trace
clock "monitonic raw". Also some enhancements to make the ring buffer
even faster. But the biggest and most noticeable change is the
renaming of the ftrace* files, structures and variables that have to
deal with trace events.
Over the years I've had several developers tell me about their
confusion with what ftrace is compared to events. Technically,
"ftrace" is the infrastructure to do the function hooks, which include
tracing and also helps with live kernel patching. But the trace
events are a separate entity altogether, and the files that affect the
trace events should not be named "ftrace". These include:
include/trace/ftrace.h -> include/trace/trace_events.h
include/linux/ftrace_event.h -> include/linux/trace_events.h
Also, functions that are specific for trace events have also been renamed:
ftrace_print_*() -> trace_print_*()
(un)register_ftrace_event() -> (un)register_trace_event()
ftrace_event_name() -> trace_event_name()
ftrace_trigger_soft_disabled() -> trace_trigger_soft_disabled()
ftrace_define_fields_##call() -> trace_define_fields_##call()
ftrace_get_offsets_##call() -> trace_get_offsets_##call()
Structures have been renamed:
ftrace_event_file -> trace_event_file
ftrace_event_{call,class} -> trace_event_{call,class}
ftrace_event_buffer -> trace_event_buffer
ftrace_subsystem_dir -> trace_subsystem_dir
ftrace_event_raw_##call -> trace_event_raw_##call
ftrace_event_data_offset_##call-> trace_event_data_offset_##call
ftrace_event_type_funcs_##call -> trace_event_type_funcs_##call
And a few various variables and flags have also been updated.
This has been sitting in linux-next for some time, and I have not
heard a single complaint about this rename breaking anything. Mostly
because these functions, variables and structures are mostly internal
to the tracing system and are seldom (if ever) used by anything
external to that"
* tag 'trace-v4.2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace: (33 commits)
ring_buffer: Allow to exit the ring buffer benchmark immediately
ring-buffer-benchmark: Fix the wrong type
ring-buffer-benchmark: Fix the wrong param in module_param
ring-buffer: Add enum names for the context levels
ring-buffer: Remove useless unused tracing_off_permanent()
ring-buffer: Give NMIs a chance to lock the reader_lock
ring-buffer: Add trace_recursive checks to ring_buffer_write()
ring-buffer: Allways do the trace_recursive checks
ring-buffer: Move recursive check to per_cpu descriptor
ring-buffer: Add unlikelys to make fast path the default
tracing: Rename ftrace_get_offsets_##call() to trace_event_get_offsets_##call()
tracing: Rename ftrace_define_fields_##call() to trace_event_define_fields_##call()
tracing: Rename ftrace_event_type_funcs_##call to trace_event_type_funcs_##call
tracing: Rename ftrace_data_offset_##call to trace_event_data_offset_##call
tracing: Rename ftrace_raw_##call event structures to trace_event_raw_##call
tracing: Rename ftrace_trigger_soft_disabled() to trace_trigger_soft_disabled()
tracing: Rename FTRACE_EVENT_FL_* flags to EVENT_FILE_FL_*
tracing: Rename struct ftrace_subsystem_dir to trace_subsystem_dir
tracing: Rename ftrace_event_name() to trace_event_name()
tracing: Rename FTRACE_MAX_EVENT to TRACE_EVENT_TYPE_MAX
...
I could not come up with a situation where the operand counter (cnt)
could go below zero, so I added a WARN_ON_ONCE(cnt < 0). Vince was
able to trigger that warn on with his fuzzer test, but didn't have
a filter input that caused it.
Later, Sasha Levin was able to trigger that same warning, and was
able to give me the filter string that triggered it. It was simply
a single operation ">".
I wrapped the filtering code in a userspace program such that I could
single step through the logic. With a single operator the operand
counter can legitimately go below zero, and should be reported to the
user as an error, but should not produce a kernel warning. The
WARN_ON_ONCE(cnt < 0) should be just a "if (cnt < 0) break;" and the
code following it will produce the error message for the user.
While debugging this, I found that there was another bug that let
the pointer to the filter string go beyond the filter string.
This too was fixed.
Finally, there was a typo in a stub function that only gets compiled
if trace events is disabled but tracing is enabled (I'm not even sure
that's possible).
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Merge tag 'trace-fixes-4.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace
Pull tracing fixes from Steven Rostedt:
"This isn't my 4.2 pull request (yet). I found a few more bugs that I
would have sent to fix 4.1, but since 4.1 is already out, I'm sending
this before sending my 4.2 request (which is ready to go).
After fixing the previous filter issue reported by Vince Weaver, I
could not come up with a situation where the operand counter (cnt)
could go below zero, so I added a WARN_ON_ONCE(cnt < 0). Vince was
able to trigger that warn on with his fuzzer test, but didn't have a
filter input that caused it.
Later, Sasha Levin was able to trigger that same warning, and was able
to give me the filter string that triggered it. It was simply a
single operation ">".
I wrapped the filtering code in a userspace program such that I could
single step through the logic. With a single operator the operand
counter can legitimately go below zero, and should be reported to the
user as an error, but should not produce a kernel warning. The
WARN_ON_ONCE(cnt < 0) should be just a "if (cnt < 0) break;" and the
code following it will produce the error message for the user.
While debugging this, I found that there was another bug that let the
pointer to the filter string go beyond the filter string. This too
was fixed.
Finally, there was a typo in a stub function that only gets compiled
if trace events is disabled but tracing is enabled (I'm not even sure
that's possible)"
* tag 'trace-fixes-4.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace:
tracing: Fix typo from "static inlin" to "static inline"
tracing/filter: Do not allow infix to exceed end of string
tracing/filter: Do not WARN on operand count going below zero
Part of the disassembly of do_blk_trace_setup:
231b: e8 00 00 00 00 callq 2320 <do_blk_trace_setup+0x50>
231c: R_X86_64_PC32 strlen+0xfffffffffffffffc
2320: eb 0a jmp 232c <do_blk_trace_setup+0x5c>
2322: 66 0f 1f 44 00 00 nopw 0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
2328: 48 83 c3 01 add $0x1,%rbx
232c: 48 39 d8 cmp %rbx,%rax
232f: 76 47 jbe 2378 <do_blk_trace_setup+0xa8>
2331: 41 80 3c 1c 2f cmpb $0x2f,(%r12,%rbx,1)
2336: 75 f0 jne 2328 <do_blk_trace_setup+0x58>
2338: 41 c6 04 1c 5f movb $0x5f,(%r12,%rbx,1)
233d: 4c 89 e7 mov %r12,%rdi
2340: e8 00 00 00 00 callq 2345 <do_blk_trace_setup+0x75>
2341: R_X86_64_PC32 strlen+0xfffffffffffffffc
2345: eb e1 jmp 2328 <do_blk_trace_setup+0x58>
Yep, that's right: gcc isn't smart enough to realize that replacing '/' by
'_' cannot change the strlen(), so we call it again and again (at least
when a '/' is found). Even if gcc were that smart, this construction
would still loop over the string twice, once for the initial strlen() call
and then the open-coded loop.
Let's simply use strreplace() instead.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Liked-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There's no point in starting over every time we see a ','...
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The trace.h header when called without CONFIG_EVENT_TRACING enabled
(seldom done), will not compile because of a typo in the protocol
of trace_event_enum_update().
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 4.1+
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
While debugging a WARN_ON() for filtering, I found that it is possible
for the filter string to be referenced after its end. With the filter:
# echo '>' > /sys/kernel/debug/events/ext4/ext4_truncate_exit/filter
The filter_parse() function can call infix_get_op() which calls
infix_advance() that updates the infix filter pointers for the cnt
and tail without checking if the filter is already at the end, which
will put the cnt to zero and the tail beyond the end. The loop then calls
infix_next() that has
ps->infix.cnt--;
return ps->infix.string[ps->infix.tail++];
The cnt will now be below zero, and the tail that is returned is
already passed the end of the filter string. So far the allocation
of the filter string usually has some buffer that is zeroed out, but
if the filter string is of the exact size of the allocated buffer
there's no guarantee that the charater after the nul terminating
character will be zero.
Luckily, only root can write to the filter.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 2.6.33+
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
When testing the fix for the trace filter, I could not come up with
a scenario where the operand count goes below zero, so I added a
WARN_ON_ONCE(cnt < 0) to the logic. But there is legitimate case
that it can happen (although the filter would be wrong).
# echo '>' > /sys/kernel/debug/events/ext4/ext4_truncate_exit/filter
That is, a single operation without any operands will hit the path
where the WARN_ON_ONCE() can trigger. Although this is harmless,
and the filter is reported as a error. But instead of spitting out
a warning to the kernel dmesg, just fail nicely and report it via
the proper channels.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/558C6082.90608@oracle.com
Reported-by: Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Reported-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 2.6.33+
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Pull networking updates from David Miller:
1) Add TX fast path in mac80211, from Johannes Berg.
2) Add TSO/GRO support to ibmveth, from Thomas Falcon
3) Move away from cached routes in ipv6, just like ipv4, from Martin
KaFai Lau.
4) Lots of new rhashtable tests, from Thomas Graf.
5) Run ingress qdisc lockless, from Alexei Starovoitov.
6) Allow servers to fetch TCP packet headers for SYN packets of new
connections, for fingerprinting. From Eric Dumazet.
7) Add mode parameter to pktgen, for testing receive. From Alexei
Starovoitov.
8) Cache access optimizations via simplifications of build_skb(), from
Alexander Duyck.
9) Move page frag allocator under mm/, also from Alexander.
10) Add xmit_more support to hv_netvsc, from KY Srinivasan.
11) Add a counter guard in case we try to perform endless reclassify
loops in the packet scheduler.
12) Extern flow dissector to be programmable and use it in new "Flower"
classifier. From Jiri Pirko.
13) AF_PACKET fanout rollover fixes, performance improvements, and new
statistics. From Willem de Bruijn.
14) Add netdev driver for GENEVE tunnels, from John W Linville.
15) Add ingress netfilter hooks and filtering, from Pablo Neira Ayuso.
16) Fix handling of epoll edge triggers in TCP, from Eric Dumazet.
17) Add an ECN retry fallback for the initial TCP handshake, from Daniel
Borkmann.
18) Add tail call support to BPF, from Alexei Starovoitov.
19) Add several pktgen helper scripts, from Jesper Dangaard Brouer.
20) Add zerocopy support to AF_UNIX, from Hannes Frederic Sowa.
21) Favor even port numbers for allocation to connect() requests, and
odd port numbers for bind(0), in an effort to help avoid
ip_local_port_range exhaustion. From Eric Dumazet.
22) Add Cavium ThunderX driver, from Sunil Goutham.
23) Allow bpf programs to access skb_iif and dev->ifindex SKB metadata,
from Alexei Starovoitov.
24) Add support for T6 chips in cxgb4vf driver, from Hariprasad Shenai.
25) Double TCP Small Queues default to 256K to accomodate situations
like the XEN driver and wireless aggregation. From Wei Liu.
26) Add more entropy inputs to flow dissector, from Tom Herbert.
27) Add CDG congestion control algorithm to TCP, from Kenneth Klette
Jonassen.
28) Convert ipset over to RCU locking, from Jozsef Kadlecsik.
29) Track and act upon link status of ipv4 route nexthops, from Andy
Gospodarek.
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-next: (1670 commits)
bridge: vlan: flush the dynamically learned entries on port vlan delete
bridge: multicast: add a comment to br_port_state_selection about blocking state
net: inet_diag: export IPV6_V6ONLY sockopt
stmmac: troubleshoot unexpected bits in des0 & des1
net: ipv4 sysctl option to ignore routes when nexthop link is down
net: track link-status of ipv4 nexthops
net: switchdev: ignore unsupported bridge flags
net: Cavium: Fix MAC address setting in shutdown state
drivers: net: xgene: fix for ACPI support without ACPI
ip: report the original address of ICMP messages
net/mlx5e: Prefetch skb data on RX
net/mlx5e: Pop cq outside mlx5e_get_cqe
net/mlx5e: Remove mlx5e_cq.sqrq back-pointer
net/mlx5e: Remove extra spaces
net/mlx5e: Avoid TX CQE generation if more xmit packets expected
net/mlx5e: Avoid redundant dev_kfree_skb() upon NOP completion
net/mlx5e: Remove re-assignment of wq type in mlx5e_enable_rq()
net/mlx5e: Use skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_segs rather than counting them
net/mlx5e: Static mapping of netdev priv resources to/from netdev TX queues
net/mlx4_en: Use HW counters for rx/tx bytes/packets in PF device
...
When the following filter is used it causes a warning to trigger:
# cd /sys/kernel/debug/tracing
# echo "((dev==1)blocks==2)" > events/ext4/ext4_truncate_exit/filter
-bash: echo: write error: Invalid argument
# cat events/ext4/ext4_truncate_exit/filter
((dev==1)blocks==2)
^
parse_error: No error
------------[ cut here ]------------
WARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 1223 at kernel/trace/trace_events_filter.c:1640 replace_preds+0x3c5/0x990()
Modules linked in: bnep lockd grace bluetooth ...
CPU: 3 PID: 1223 Comm: bash Tainted: G W 4.1.0-rc3-test+ #450
Hardware name: Hewlett-Packard HP Compaq Pro 6300 SFF/339A, BIOS K01 v02.05 05/07/2012
0000000000000668 ffff8800c106bc98 ffffffff816ed4f9 ffff88011ead0cf0
0000000000000000 ffff8800c106bcd8 ffffffff8107fb07 ffffffff8136b46c
ffff8800c7d81d48 ffff8800d4c2bc00 ffff8800d4d4f920 00000000ffffffea
Call Trace:
[<ffffffff816ed4f9>] dump_stack+0x4c/0x6e
[<ffffffff8107fb07>] warn_slowpath_common+0x97/0xe0
[<ffffffff8136b46c>] ? _kstrtoull+0x2c/0x80
[<ffffffff8107fb6a>] warn_slowpath_null+0x1a/0x20
[<ffffffff81159065>] replace_preds+0x3c5/0x990
[<ffffffff811596b2>] create_filter+0x82/0xb0
[<ffffffff81159944>] apply_event_filter+0xd4/0x180
[<ffffffff81152bbf>] event_filter_write+0x8f/0x120
[<ffffffff811db2a8>] __vfs_write+0x28/0xe0
[<ffffffff811dda43>] ? __sb_start_write+0x53/0xf0
[<ffffffff812e51e0>] ? security_file_permission+0x30/0xc0
[<ffffffff811dc408>] vfs_write+0xb8/0x1b0
[<ffffffff811dc72f>] SyS_write+0x4f/0xb0
[<ffffffff816f5217>] system_call_fastpath+0x12/0x6a
---[ end trace e11028bd95818dcd ]---
Worse yet, reading the error message (the filter again) it says that
there was no error, when there clearly was. The issue is that the
code that checks the input does not check for balanced ops. That is,
having an op between a closed parenthesis and the next token.
This would only cause a warning, and fail out before doing any real
harm, but it should still not caues a warning, and the error reported
should work:
# cd /sys/kernel/debug/tracing
# echo "((dev==1)blocks==2)" > events/ext4/ext4_truncate_exit/filter
-bash: echo: write error: Invalid argument
# cat events/ext4/ext4_truncate_exit/filter
((dev==1)blocks==2)
^
parse_error: Meaningless filter expression
And give no kernel warning.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150615175025.7e809215@gandalf.local.home
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 2.6.31+
Reported-by: Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Tested-by: Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
It's useful to do per-cpu histograms.
Suggested-by: Daniel Wagner <daniel.wagner@bmw-carit.de>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
bpf_trace_printk() is a helper function used to debug eBPF programs.
Let socket and TC programs use it as well.
Note, it's DEBUG ONLY helper. If it's used in the program,
the kernel will print warning banner to make sure users don't use
it in production.
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
eBPF programs attached to kprobes need to filter based on
current->pid, uid and other fields, so introduce helper functions:
u64 bpf_get_current_pid_tgid(void)
Return: current->tgid << 32 | current->pid
u64 bpf_get_current_uid_gid(void)
Return: current_gid << 32 | current_uid
bpf_get_current_comm(char *buf, int size_of_buf)
stores current->comm into buf
They can be used from the programs attached to TC as well to classify packets
based on current task fields.
Update tracex2 example to print histogram of write syscalls for each process
instead of aggregated for all.
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
It takes a while until the ring_buffer_benchmark module is removed
when the ring buffer hammer is running. It is because it takes
few seconds and kthread_should_stop() is not being checked.
This patch adds the check for kthread termination into the producer.
It uses the existing @kill_test flag to finish the kthreads as
cleanly as possible.
It disables printing the "ERROR" message when the kthread is going.
It makes sure that producer does not go into the 10sec sleep
when it is being killed.
Finally, it does not call wait_to_die() when kthread_should_stop()
already returns true.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150615155428.GD3135@pathway.suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The macro 'module_param' shows that the type of the
variable disable_reader and write_iteration is unsigned
integer. so, we change their type form int to unsigned int.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1433923927-67782-1-git-send-email-long.wanglong@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Wang Long <long.wanglong@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The {producer|consumer}_{nice|fifo} parameters are integer
type, we should use 'int' as the second param in module_param.
For example(consumer_fifo):
the default value of consumer_fifo is -1.
Without this patch:
# cat /sys/module/ring_buffer_benchmark/parameters/consumer_fifo
4294967295
With this patch:
# cat /sys/module/ring_buffer_benchmark/parameters/consumer_fifo
-1
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1433923873-67712-1-git-send-email-long.wanglong@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Wang Long <long.wanglong@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
As this is already exported from tracing side via commit d9847d310a
("tracing: Allow BPF programs to call bpf_ktime_get_ns()"), we might
as well want to move it to the core, so also networking users can make
use of it, e.g. to measure diffs for certain flows from ingress/egress.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The tracing_off_permanent() call is a way to disable all ring_buffers.
Nothing uses it and nothing should use it, as tracing_off() and
friends are better, as they disable the ring buffers related to
tracing. The tracing_off_permanent() even disabled non tracing
ring buffers. This is a bit drastic, and was added to handle NMIs
doing outputs that could corrupt the ring buffer when only tracing
used them. It is now obsolete and adds a little overhead, it should
be removed.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Currently, if an NMI does a dump of a ring buffer, it disables
all ring buffers from ever doing any writes again. This is because
it wont take the locks for the cpu_buffer and this can cause
corruption if it preempted a read, or a read happens on another
CPU for the current cpu buffer. This is a bit overkill.
First, it should at least try to take the lock, and if it fails
then disable it. Also, there's no need to disable all ring
buffers, even those that are unrelated to what is being read.
Only disable the per cpu ring buffer that is being read if
it can not get the lock for it.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The ring_buffer_write() function isn't protected by the trace recursive
writes. Luckily, this function is not used as much and is unlikely
to ever recurse. But it should still have the protection, because
even a call to ring_buffer_lock_reserve() could cause ring buffer
corruption if called when ring_buffer_write() is being used.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Currently the trace_recursive checks are only done if CONFIG_TRACING
is enabled. That was because there use to be a dependency with tracing
for the recursive checks (it used the task_struct trace recursive
variable). But now it uses its own variable and there is no dependency.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Instead of using a global per_cpu variable to perform the recursive
checks into the ring buffer, use the already existing per_cpu descriptor
that is part of the ring buffer itself.
Not only does this simplify the code, it also allows for one ring buffer
to be used within the guts of the use of another ring buffer. For example
trace_printk() can now be used within the ring buffer to record changes
done by an instance into the main ring buffer. The recursion checks
will prevent the trace_printk() itself from causing recursive issues
with the main ring buffer (it is just ignored), but the recursive
checks wont prevent the trace_printk() from recording other ring buffers.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
introduce bpf_tail_call(ctx, &jmp_table, index) helper function
which can be used from BPF programs like:
int bpf_prog(struct pt_regs *ctx)
{
...
bpf_tail_call(ctx, &jmp_table, index);
...
}
that is roughly equivalent to:
int bpf_prog(struct pt_regs *ctx)
{
...
if (jmp_table[index])
return (*jmp_table[index])(ctx);
...
}
The important detail that it's not a normal call, but a tail call.
The kernel stack is precious, so this helper reuses the current
stack frame and jumps into another BPF program without adding
extra call frame.
It's trivially done in interpreter and a bit trickier in JITs.
In case of x64 JIT the bigger part of generated assembler prologue
is common for all programs, so it is simply skipped while jumping.
Other JITs can do similar prologue-skipping optimization or
do stack unwind before jumping into the next program.
bpf_tail_call() arguments:
ctx - context pointer
jmp_table - one of BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY maps used as the jump table
index - index in the jump table
Since all BPF programs are idenitified by file descriptor, user space
need to populate the jmp_table with FDs of other BPF programs.
If jmp_table[index] is empty the bpf_tail_call() doesn't jump anywhere
and program execution continues as normal.
New BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY map type is introduced so that user space can
populate this jmp_table array with FDs of other bpf programs.
Programs can share the same jmp_table array or use multiple jmp_tables.
The chain of tail calls can form unpredictable dynamic loops therefore
tail_call_cnt is used to limit the number of calls and currently is set to 32.
Use cases:
Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
==========
- simplify complex programs by splitting them into a sequence of small programs
- dispatch routine
For tracing and future seccomp the program may be triggered on all system
calls, but processing of syscall arguments will be different. It's more
efficient to implement them as:
int syscall_entry(struct seccomp_data *ctx)
{
bpf_tail_call(ctx, &syscall_jmp_table, ctx->nr /* syscall number */);
... default: process unknown syscall ...
}
int sys_write_event(struct seccomp_data *ctx) {...}
int sys_read_event(struct seccomp_data *ctx) {...}
syscall_jmp_table[__NR_write] = sys_write_event;
syscall_jmp_table[__NR_read] = sys_read_event;
For networking the program may call into different parsers depending on
packet format, like:
int packet_parser(struct __sk_buff *skb)
{
... parse L2, L3 here ...
__u8 ipproto = load_byte(skb, ... offsetof(struct iphdr, protocol));
bpf_tail_call(skb, &ipproto_jmp_table, ipproto);
... default: process unknown protocol ...
}
int parse_tcp(struct __sk_buff *skb) {...}
int parse_udp(struct __sk_buff *skb) {...}
ipproto_jmp_table[IPPROTO_TCP] = parse_tcp;
ipproto_jmp_table[IPPROTO_UDP] = parse_udp;
- for TC use case, bpf_tail_call() allows to implement reclassify-like logic
- bpf_map_update_elem/delete calls into BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY jump table
are atomic, so user space can build chains of BPF programs on the fly
Implementation details:
=======================
- high performance of bpf_tail_call() is the goal.
It could have been implemented without JIT changes as a wrapper on top of
BPF_PROG_RUN() macro, but with two downsides:
. all programs would have to pay performance penalty for this feature and
tail call itself would be slower, since mandatory stack unwind, return,
stack allocate would be done for every tailcall.
. tailcall would be limited to programs running preempt_disabled, since
generic 'void *ctx' doesn't have room for 'tail_call_cnt' and it would
need to be either global per_cpu variable accessed by helper and by wrapper
or global variable protected by locks.
In this implementation x64 JIT bypasses stack unwind and jumps into the
callee program after prologue.
- bpf_prog_array_compatible() ensures that prog_type of callee and caller
are the same and JITed/non-JITed flag is the same, since calling JITed
program from non-JITed is invalid, since stack frames are different.
Similarly calling kprobe type program from socket type program is invalid.
- jump table is implemented as BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY to reuse 'map'
abstraction, its user space API and all of verifier logic.
It's in the existing arraymap.c file, since several functions are
shared with regular array map.
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The name "ftrace" really refers to the function hook infrastructure. It
is not about the trace_events. The ftrace_raw_##call structures are built
by macros for trace events. They have nothing to do with function tracing.
Rename them.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The name "ftrace" really refers to the function hook infrastructure. It
is not about the trace_events. The ftrace_trigger_soft_disabled() tests if a
trace_event is soft disabled (called but not traced), and returns true if
it is. It has nothing to do with function tracing and should be renamed.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The name "ftrace" really refers to the function hook infrastructure. It
is not about the trace_events. The FTRACE_EVENT_FL_* flags are flags to
do with the trace_event files in the tracefs directory. They are not related
to function tracing. Rename them to a more descriptive name.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The name "ftrace" really refers to the function hook infrastructure. It
is not about the trace_events. The structure ftrace_subsystem_dir holds
the information about trace event subsystems. It should not be named
ftrace, rename it to trace_subsystem_dir.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The name "ftrace" really refers to the function hook infrastructure. It
is not about the trace_events. ftrace_event_name() returns the name of
an event tracepoint, has nothing to do with function tracing. Rename it
to trace_event_name().
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The name "ftrace" really refers to the function hook infrastructure. It
is not about the trace_events. Rename the max trace_event type size to
something more descriptive and appropriate.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The name "ftrace" really refers to the function hook infrastructure. It
is not about the trace_events. The ftrace_output_*() and ftrace_raw_output_*()
functions represent the trace_event code. Rename them to just trace_output
or trace_raw_output.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The name "ftrace" really refers to the function hook infrastructure. It
is not about the trace_events. The ftrace_event_buffer functions and data
structures are for trace_events and not for function hooks. Rename them
to trace_event_buffer*.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The name "ftrace" really refers to the function hook infrastructure. It
is not about the trace_events. The structures ftrace_event_call and
ftrace_event_class have nothing to do with the function hooks, and are
really trace_event structures. Rename ftrace_event_* to trace_event_*.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The name "ftrace" really refers to the function hook infrastructure. It
is not about the trace_events. The structure ftrace_event_file is really
about trace events and not "ftrace". Rename it to trace_event_file.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The name "ftrace" really refers to the function hook infrastructure. It
is not about the trace_events. The functions (un)register_ftrace_event() is
really about trace_events, and the name should be register_trace_event()
instead.
Also renamed ftrace_event_reg() to trace_event_reg() for the same reason.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The name "ftrace" really refers to the function hook infrastructure. It
is not about the trace_events. The functions ftrace_print_*() are not part of
the function infrastructure, and the names can be confusing. Rename them
to be trace_print_*().
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The term "ftrace" is really the infrastructure of the function hooks,
and not the trace events. Rename ftrace_event.h to trace_events.h to
represent the trace_event infrastructure and decouple the term ftrace
from it.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Expose the NMI safe accessor to the monotonic raw clock to the
tracer. The mono clock was added with commit
1b3e5c0936. The advantage of the
monotonic raw clock is that it will advance more constantly than the
monotonic clock.
Imagine someone is trying to optimize a particular program to reduce
instructions executed for a given workload while minimizing the effect
on runtime. Also suppose that NTP is running and potentially making
larger adjustments to the monotonic clock. If NTP is adjusting the
monotonic clock to advance more rapidly, the program will appear to
use fewer instructions per second but run longer than if the monotonic
raw clock had been used. The total number of instructions observed
would be the same regardless of the clock source used, but how it's
attributed to time would be affected.
Conversely if NTP is adjusting the monotonic clock to advance more
slowly, the program will appear to use more instructions per second
but run more quickly. Of course there are many sources that can cause
jitter in performance measurements on modern processors, but let's
remove NTP from the list.
The monotonic raw clock can also be useful for tracing early boot,
e.g. when debugging issues with NTP.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150508143037.GB1276@dreric01-Precision-T1650
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Signed-off-by: Drew Richardson <drew.richardson@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Critical tracepoint hooks should never call anything that takes a lock,
so they are unable to call getrawmonotonic() or ktime_get().
Export the rest of the tracing clock functions so can be used in
tracepoint hooks.
Background: We have a customer that adds their own module and registers
a tracepoint hook to sched_wakeup. They were using ktime_get() for a
time source, but it grabs a seq lock and caused a deadlock to occur.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1430406624-22609-1-git-send-email-jsnitsel@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jerry Snitselaar <jsnitsel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The only caller to this function (__print_array) was getting it wrong by
passing the array length instead of buffer length. As the element size
was already being passed for other reasons it seems reasonable to push
the calculation of buffer length into the function.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1430320727-14582-1-git-send-email-alex.bennee@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Pull fourth vfs update from Al Viro:
"d_inode() annotations from David Howells (sat in for-next since before
the beginning of merge window) + four assorted fixes"
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
RCU pathwalk breakage when running into a symlink overmounting something
fix I_DIO_WAKEUP definition
direct-io: only inc/dec inode->i_dio_count for file systems
fs/9p: fix readdir()
VFS: assorted d_backing_inode() annotations
VFS: fs/inode.c helpers: d_inode() annotations
VFS: fs/cachefiles: d_backing_inode() annotations
VFS: fs library helpers: d_inode() annotations
VFS: assorted weird filesystems: d_inode() annotations
VFS: normal filesystems (and lustre): d_inode() annotations
VFS: security/: d_inode() annotations
VFS: security/: d_backing_inode() annotations
VFS: net/: d_inode() annotations
VFS: net/unix: d_backing_inode() annotations
VFS: kernel/: d_inode() annotations
VFS: audit: d_backing_inode() annotations
VFS: Fix up some ->d_inode accesses in the chelsio driver
VFS: Cachefiles should perform fs modifications on the top layer only
VFS: AF_UNIX sockets should call mknod on the top layer only
The first is a bug when ftrace_dump_on_oops is triggered in atomic context
and function graph tracer is the tracer that is being reported.
The second fix is bad parsing of the trace_events from the kernel
command line, where it would ignore specific events if the system
name is used with defining the event(it enables all events within the
system).
The last one is a fix to the TRACE_DEFINE_ENUM(), where a check was missing
to see if the ptr was incremented to the end of the string, but the loop
increments it again and can miss the nul delimiter to stop processing.
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Merge tag 'trace-v4.1-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace
Pull tracing fixes from Steven Rostedt:
"This adds three fixes for the tracing code.
The first is a bug when ftrace_dump_on_oops is triggered in atomic
context and function graph tracer is the tracer that is being
reported.
The second fix is bad parsing of the trace_events from the kernel
command line, where it would ignore specific events if the system name
is used with defining the event(it enables all events within the
system).
The last one is a fix to the TRACE_DEFINE_ENUM(), where a check was
missing to see if the ptr was incremented to the end of the string,
but the loop increments it again and can miss the nul delimiter to
stop processing"
* tag 'trace-v4.1-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace:
tracing: Fix possible out of bounds memory access when parsing enums
tracing: Fix incorrect enabling of trace events by boot cmdline
tracing: Handle ftrace_dump() atomic context in graph_trace_open()
The code that replaces the enum names with the enum values in the
tracepoints' format files could possible miss the end of string nul
character. This was caused by processing things like backslashes, quotes
and other tokens. After processing the tokens, a check for the nul
character needed to be done before continuing the loop, because the loop
incremented the pointer before doing the check, which could bypass the nul
character.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/552E661D.5060502@oracle.com
Reported-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> # via KASan
Tested-by: Andrey Ryabinin <a.ryabinin@samsung.com>
Fixes: 0c564a538a "tracing: Add TRACE_DEFINE_ENUM() macro to map enums to their values"
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
There is a problem that trace events are not properly enabled with
boot cmdline. The problem is that if we pass "trace_event=kmem:mm_page_alloc"
to the boot cmdline, it enables all kmem trace events, and not just
the page_alloc event.
This is caused by the parsing mechanism. When we parse the cmdline, the buffer
contents is modified due to tokenization. And, if we use this buffer
again, we will get the wrong result.
Unfortunately, this buffer is be accessed three times to set trace events
properly at boot time. So, we need to handle this situation.
There is already code handling ",", but we need another for ":".
This patch adds it.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1429159484-22977-1-git-send-email-iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 3.19+
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
[ added missing return ret; ]
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The seq_printf return value, because it's frequently misused,
will eventually be converted to void.
See: commit 1f33c41c03 ("seq_file: Rename seq_overflow() to
seq_has_overflowed() and make public")
Miscellanea:
o Remove unused return value from trace_lookup_stack
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
relayfs and tracefs are dealing with inodes of their own;
those two act as filesystem drivers
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Pull perf changes from Ingo Molnar:
"Core kernel changes:
- One of the more interesting features in this cycle is the ability
to attach eBPF programs (user-defined, sandboxed bytecode executed
by the kernel) to kprobes.
This allows user-defined instrumentation on a live kernel image
that can never crash, hang or interfere with the kernel negatively.
(Right now it's limited to root-only, but in the future we might
allow unprivileged use as well.)
(Alexei Starovoitov)
- Another non-trivial feature is per event clockid support: this
allows, amongst other things, the selection of different clock
sources for event timestamps traced via perf.
This feature is sought by people who'd like to merge perf generated
events with external events that were measured with different
clocks:
- cluster wide profiling
- for system wide tracing with user-space events,
- JIT profiling events
etc. Matching perf tooling support is added as well, available via
the -k, --clockid <clockid> parameter to perf record et al.
(Peter Zijlstra)
Hardware enablement kernel changes:
- x86 Intel Processor Trace (PT) support: which is a hardware tracer
on steroids, available on Broadwell CPUs.
The hardware trace stream is directly output into the user-space
ring-buffer, using the 'AUX' data format extension that was added
to the perf core to support hardware constraints such as the
necessity to have the tracing buffer physically contiguous.
This patch-set was developed for two years and this is the result.
A simple way to make use of this is to use BTS tracing, the PT
driver emulates BTS output - available via the 'intel_bts' PMU.
More explicit PT specific tooling support is in the works as well -
will probably be ready by 4.2.
(Alexander Shishkin, Peter Zijlstra)
- x86 Intel Cache QoS Monitoring (CQM) support: this is a hardware
feature of Intel Xeon CPUs that allows the measurement and
allocation/partitioning of caches to individual workloads.
These kernel changes expose the measurement side as a new PMU
driver, which exposes various QoS related PMU events. (The
partitioning change is work in progress and is planned to be merged
as a cgroup extension.)
(Matt Fleming, Peter Zijlstra; CPU feature detection by Peter P
Waskiewicz Jr)
- x86 Intel Haswell LBR call stack support: this is a new Haswell
feature that allows the hardware recording of call chains, plus
tooling support. To activate this feature you have to enable it
via the new 'lbr' call-graph recording option:
perf record --call-graph lbr
perf report
or:
perf top --call-graph lbr
This hardware feature is a lot faster than stack walk or dwarf
based unwinding, but has some limitations:
- It reuses the current LBR facility, so LBR call stack and
branch record can not be enabled at the same time.
- It is only available for user-space callchains.
(Yan, Zheng)
- x86 Intel Broadwell CPU support and various event constraints and
event table fixes for earlier models.
(Andi Kleen)
- x86 Intel HT CPUs event scheduling workarounds. This is a complex
CPU bug affecting the SNB,IVB,HSW families that results in counter
value corruption. The mitigation code is automatically enabled and
is transparent.
(Maria Dimakopoulou, Stephane Eranian)
The perf tooling side had a ton of changes in this cycle as well, so
I'm only able to list the user visible changes here, in addition to
the tooling changes outlined above:
User visible changes affecting all tools:
- Improve support of compressed kernel modules (Jiri Olsa)
- Save DSO loading errno to better report errors (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
- Bash completion for subcommands (Yunlong Song)
- Add 'I' event modifier for perf_event_attr.exclude_idle bit (Jiri Olsa)
- Support missing -f to override perf.data file ownership. (Yunlong Song)
- Show the first event with an invalid filter (David Ahern, Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
User visible changes in individual tools:
'perf data':
New tool for converting perf.data to other formats, initially
for the CTF (Common Trace Format) from LTTng (Jiri Olsa,
Sebastian Siewior)
'perf diff':
Add --kallsyms option (David Ahern)
'perf list':
Allow listing events with 'tracepoint' prefix (Yunlong Song)
Sort the output of the command (Yunlong Song)
'perf kmem':
Respect -i option (Jiri Olsa)
Print big numbers using thousands' group (Namhyung Kim)
Allow -v option (Namhyung Kim)
Fix alignment of slab result table (Namhyung Kim)
'perf probe':
Support multiple probes on different binaries on the same command line (Masami Hiramatsu)
Support unnamed union/structure members data collection. (Masami Hiramatsu)
Check kprobes blacklist when adding new events. (Masami Hiramatsu)
'perf record':
Teach 'perf record' about perf_event_attr.clockid (Peter Zijlstra)
Support recording running/enabled time (Andi Kleen)
'perf sched':
Improve the performance of 'perf sched replay' on high CPU core count machines (Yunlong Song)
'perf report' and 'perf top':
Allow annotating entries in callchains in the hists browser (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
Indicate which callchain entries are annotated in the
TUI hists browser (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
Add pid/tid filtering to 'report' and 'script' commands (David Ahern)
Consider PERF_RECORD_ events with cpumode == 0 in 'perf top', removing one
cause of long term memory usage buildup, i.e. not processing PERF_RECORD_EXIT
events (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
'perf stat':
Report unsupported events properly (Suzuki K. Poulose)
Output running time and run/enabled ratio in CSV mode (Andi Kleen)
'perf trace':
Handle legacy syscalls tracepoints (David Ahern, Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
Only insert blank duration bracket when tracing syscalls (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
Filter out the trace pid when no threads are specified (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
Dump stack on segfaults (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
No need to explicitely enable evsels for workload started from perf, let it
be enabled via perf_event_attr.enable_on_exec, removing some events that take
place in the 'perf trace' before a workload is really started by it.
(Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
Allow mixing with tracepoints and suppressing plain syscalls. (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
There's also been a ton of infrastructure work done, such as the
split-out of perf's build system into tools/build/ and other changes -
see the shortlog and changelog for details"
* 'perf-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (358 commits)
perf/x86/intel/pt: Clean up the control flow in pt_pmu_hw_init()
perf evlist: Fix type for references to data_head/tail
perf probe: Check the orphaned -x option
perf probe: Support multiple probes on different binaries
perf buildid-list: Fix segfault when show DSOs with hits
perf tools: Fix cross-endian analysis
perf tools: Fix error path to do closedir() when synthesizing threads
perf tools: Fix synthesizing fork_event.ppid for non-main thread
perf tools: Add 'I' event modifier for exclude_idle bit
perf report: Don't call map__kmap if map is NULL.
perf tests: Fix attr tests
perf probe: Fix ARM 32 building error
perf tools: Merge all perf_event_attr print functions
perf record: Add clockid parameter
perf sched replay: Use replay_repeat to calculate the runavg of cpu usage instead of the default value 10
perf sched replay: Support using -f to override perf.data file ownership
perf sched replay: Fix the EMFILE error caused by the limitation of the maximum open files
perf sched replay: Handle the dead halt of sem_wait when create_tasks() fails for any task
perf sched replay: Fix the segmentation fault problem caused by pr_err in threads
perf sched replay: Realloc the memory of pid_to_task stepwise to adapt to the different pid_max configurations
...
Linus Torvalds
Rasmus Villemoes
Steven Rostedt (Red Hat)
Alexei Starovoitov
Petr Mladek
David S. Miller
Wang Long
Daniel Borkmann
Drew Richardson
Jerry Snitselaar
Alex Bennée
Joonsoo Kim
Rabin Vincent
Joe Perches
David Howells