The writecache target caches writes on persistent memory or SSD.
It is intended for databases or other programs that need extremely low
commit latency.
The writecache target doesn't cache reads because reads are supposed to
be cached in page cache in normal RAM.
If persistent memory isn't available this target can still be used in
SSD mode.
Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com> # fix missing goto
Signed-off-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> # fix compilation issue with !DAX
Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com> # use msecs_to_jiffies
Acked-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> # reworks to unify ARM and x86 flushing
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <msnitzer@redhat.com>
Change device-mapper's DAX dependency to require the presence of at
least one DAX_DRIVER. This allows device-mapper to be built without
bringing the DAX core along which is especially wasteful when there are
no DAX drivers, like BLK_DEV_PMEM, configured.
Cc: Alasdair Kergon <agk@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Bart Van Assche <Bart.VanAssche@wdc.com>
Reported-by: kbuild test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Reported-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Reviewed-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
This device mapper "unstriped" target remaps and unstripes I/O so it
is issued solely on a single drive in a HW RAID0 or dm-striped target.
In a 4 drive HW RAID0 the striped target exposes 1/4th of the LBA range
as a virtual drive. Each I/O to that virtual drive will only be issued
to the 1 drive that was selected of the 4 drives in the HW RAID0.
This unstriped target is most useful for Intel NVMe drives that have
multiple cores but that do not have firmware control to pin separate LBA
ranges to each discrete cpu core.
Signed-off-by: Scott Bauer <scott.bauer@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Heinz Mauelshagen <heinzm@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
The dm-zoned device mapper target provides transparent write access
to zoned block devices (ZBC and ZAC compliant block devices).
dm-zoned hides to the device user (a file system or an application
doing raw block device accesses) any constraint imposed on write
requests by the device, equivalent to a drive-managed zoned block
device model.
Write requests are processed using a combination of on-disk buffering
using the device conventional zones and direct in-place processing for
requests aligned to a zone sequential write pointer position.
A background reclaim process implemented using dm_kcopyd_copy ensures
that conventional zones are always available for executing unaligned
write requests. The reclaim process overhead is minimized by managing
buffer zones in a least-recently-written order and first targeting the
oldest buffer zones. Doing so, blocks under regular write access (such
as metadata blocks of a file system) remain stored in conventional
zones, resulting in no apparent overhead.
dm-zoned implementation focus on simplicity and on minimizing overhead
(CPU, memory and storage overhead). For a 14TB host-managed disk with
256 MB zones, dm-zoned memory usage per disk instance is at most about
3 MB and as little as 5 zones will be used internally for storing metadata
and performing buffer zone reclaim operations. This is achieved using
zone level indirection rather than a full block indirection system for
managing block movement between zones.
dm-zoned primary target is host-managed zoned block devices but it can
also be used with host-aware device models to mitigate potential
device-side performance degradation due to excessive random writing.
Zoned block devices can be formatted and checked for use with the dm-zoned
target using the dmzadm utility available at:
https://github.com/hgst/dm-zoned-tools
Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Bart Van Assche <bart.vanassche@sandisk.com>
[Mike Snitzer partly refactored Damien's original work to cleanup the code]
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
metadata not be in 'fail_io' mode. Otherwise crashes are possible.
- a DM cache fix to address the inability to adapt to continuous IO that
happened to also reflect a changing working set (which required old
blocks be demoted before the new working set could be promoted)
- a DM cache smq policy cleanup that fell out from reviewing the above
- fix the Kconfig help text for CONFIG_DM_INTEGRITY
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Merge tag 'for-4.12/dm-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/device-mapper/linux-dm
Pull device mapper fixes from Mike Snitzer:
- DM cache metadata fixes to short-circuit operations that require the
metadata not be in 'fail_io' mode. Otherwise crashes are possible.
- a DM cache fix to address the inability to adapt to continuous IO
that happened to also reflect a changing working set (which required
old blocks be demoted before the new working set could be promoted)
- a DM cache smq policy cleanup that fell out from reviewing the above
- fix the Kconfig help text for CONFIG_DM_INTEGRITY
* tag 'for-4.12/dm-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/device-mapper/linux-dm:
dm cache metadata: fail operations if fail_io mode has been established
dm integrity: improve the Kconfig help text for DM_INTEGRITY
dm cache policy smq: cleanup free_target_met() and clean_target_met()
dm cache policy smq: allow demotions to happen even during continuous IO
* Region media error reporting: A libnvdimm region device is the parent
to one or more namespaces. To date, media errors have been reported via
the "badblocks" attribute attached to pmem block devices for namespaces
in "raw" or "memory" mode. Given that namespaces can be in "device-dax"
or "btt-sector" mode this new interface reports media errors
generically, i.e. independent of namespace modes or state. This
subsequently allows userspace tooling to craft "ACPI 6.1 Section
9.20.7.6 Function Index 4 - Clear Uncorrectable Error" requests and
submit them via the ioctl path for NVDIMM root bus devices.
* Introduce 'struct dax_device' and 'struct dax_operations': Prompted by
a request from Linus and feedback from Christoph this allows for dax
capable drivers to publish their own custom dax operations. This fixes
the broken assumption that all dax operations are related to a
persistent memory device, and makes it easier for other architectures
and platforms to add customized persistent memory support.
* 'libnvdimm' core updates: A new "deep_flush" sysfs attribute is
available for storage appliance applications to manually trigger memory
controllers to drain write-pending buffers that would otherwise be
flushed automatically by the platform ADR (asynchronous-DRAM-refresh)
mechanism at a power loss event. Support for "locked" DIMMs is included
to prevent namespaces from surfacing when the namespace label data area
is locked. Finally, fixes for various reported deadlocks and crashes,
also tagged for -stable.
* ACPI / nfit driver updates: General updates of the nfit driver to add
DSM command overrides, ACPI 6.1 health state flags support, DSM payload
debug available by default, and various fixes.
Acknowledgements that came after the branch was pushed:
commmit 565851c972 "device-dax: fix sysfs attribute deadlock"
Tested-by: Yi Zhang <yizhan@redhat.com>
commit 23f4984483 "libnvdimm: rework region badblocks clearing"
Tested-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com>
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Merge tag 'libnvdimm-for-4.12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nvdimm/nvdimm
Pull libnvdimm updates from Dan Williams:
"The bulk of this has been in multiple -next releases. There were a few
late breaking fixes and small features that got added in the last
couple days, but the whole set has received a build success
notification from the kbuild robot.
Change summary:
- Region media error reporting: A libnvdimm region device is the
parent to one or more namespaces. To date, media errors have been
reported via the "badblocks" attribute attached to pmem block
devices for namespaces in "raw" or "memory" mode. Given that
namespaces can be in "device-dax" or "btt-sector" mode this new
interface reports media errors generically, i.e. independent of
namespace modes or state.
This subsequently allows userspace tooling to craft "ACPI 6.1
Section 9.20.7.6 Function Index 4 - Clear Uncorrectable Error"
requests and submit them via the ioctl path for NVDIMM root bus
devices.
- Introduce 'struct dax_device' and 'struct dax_operations': Prompted
by a request from Linus and feedback from Christoph this allows for
dax capable drivers to publish their own custom dax operations.
This fixes the broken assumption that all dax operations are
related to a persistent memory device, and makes it easier for
other architectures and platforms to add customized persistent
memory support.
- 'libnvdimm' core updates: A new "deep_flush" sysfs attribute is
available for storage appliance applications to manually trigger
memory controllers to drain write-pending buffers that would
otherwise be flushed automatically by the platform ADR
(asynchronous-DRAM-refresh) mechanism at a power loss event.
Support for "locked" DIMMs is included to prevent namespaces from
surfacing when the namespace label data area is locked. Finally,
fixes for various reported deadlocks and crashes, also tagged for
-stable.
- ACPI / nfit driver updates: General updates of the nfit driver to
add DSM command overrides, ACPI 6.1 health state flags support, DSM
payload debug available by default, and various fixes.
Acknowledgements that came after the branch was pushed:
- commmit 565851c972 "device-dax: fix sysfs attribute deadlock":
Tested-by: Yi Zhang <yizhan@redhat.com>
- commit 23f4984483 "libnvdimm: rework region badblocks clearing"
Tested-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com>"
* tag 'libnvdimm-for-4.12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nvdimm/nvdimm: (52 commits)
libnvdimm, pfn: fix 'npfns' vs section alignment
libnvdimm: handle locked label storage areas
libnvdimm: convert NDD_ flags to use bitops, introduce NDD_LOCKED
brd: fix uninitialized use of brd->dax_dev
block, dax: use correct format string in bdev_dax_supported
device-dax: fix sysfs attribute deadlock
libnvdimm: restore "libnvdimm: band aid btt vs clear poison locking"
libnvdimm: fix nvdimm_bus_lock() vs device_lock() ordering
libnvdimm: rework region badblocks clearing
acpi, nfit: kill ACPI_NFIT_DEBUG
libnvdimm: fix clear length of nvdimm_forget_poison()
libnvdimm, pmem: fix a NULL pointer BUG in nd_pmem_notify
libnvdimm, region: sysfs trigger for nvdimm_flush()
libnvdimm: fix phys_addr for nvdimm_clear_poison
x86, dax, pmem: remove indirection around memcpy_from_pmem()
block: remove block_device_operations ->direct_access()
block, dax: convert bdev_dax_supported() to dax_direct_access()
filesystem-dax: convert to dax_direct_access()
Revert "block: use DAX for partition table reads"
ext2, ext4, xfs: retrieve dax_device for iomap operations
...
whether blocks should migrate to/from the cache. The bio-prison-v2
interface supports this improvement by enabling direct dispatch of
work to workqueues rather than having to delay the actual work
dispatch to the DM cache core. So the dm-cache policies are much more
nimble by being able to drive IO as they see fit. One immediate
benefit from the improved latency is a cache that should be much more
adaptive to changing workloads.
- Add a new DM integrity target that emulates a block device that has
additional per-sector tags that can be used for storing integrity
information.
- Add a new authenticated encryption feature to the DM crypt target that
builds on the capabilities provided by the DM integrity target.
- Add MD interface for switching the raid4/5/6 journal mode and update
the DM raid target to use it to enable aid4/5/6 journal write-back
support.
- Switch the DM verity target over to using the asynchronous hash crypto
API (this helps work better with architectures that have access to
off-CPU algorithm providers, which should reduce CPU utilization).
- Various request-based DM and DM multipath fixes and improvements from
Bart and Christoph.
- A DM thinp target fix for a bio structure leak that occurs for each
discard IFF discard passdown is enabled.
- A fix for a possible deadlock in DM bufio and a fix to re-check the
new buffer allocation watermark in the face of competing admin changes
to the 'max_cache_size_bytes' tunable.
- A couple DM core cleanups.
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Merge tag 'for-4.12/dm-changes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/device-mapper/linux-dm
Pull device mapper updates from Mike Snitzer:
- A major update for DM cache that reduces the latency for deciding
whether blocks should migrate to/from the cache. The bio-prison-v2
interface supports this improvement by enabling direct dispatch of
work to workqueues rather than having to delay the actual work
dispatch to the DM cache core. So the dm-cache policies are much more
nimble by being able to drive IO as they see fit. One immediate
benefit from the improved latency is a cache that should be much more
adaptive to changing workloads.
- Add a new DM integrity target that emulates a block device that has
additional per-sector tags that can be used for storing integrity
information.
- Add a new authenticated encryption feature to the DM crypt target
that builds on the capabilities provided by the DM integrity target.
- Add MD interface for switching the raid4/5/6 journal mode and update
the DM raid target to use it to enable aid4/5/6 journal write-back
support.
- Switch the DM verity target over to using the asynchronous hash
crypto API (this helps work better with architectures that have
access to off-CPU algorithm providers, which should reduce CPU
utilization).
- Various request-based DM and DM multipath fixes and improvements from
Bart and Christoph.
- A DM thinp target fix for a bio structure leak that occurs for each
discard IFF discard passdown is enabled.
- A fix for a possible deadlock in DM bufio and a fix to re-check the
new buffer allocation watermark in the face of competing admin
changes to the 'max_cache_size_bytes' tunable.
- A couple DM core cleanups.
* tag 'for-4.12/dm-changes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/device-mapper/linux-dm: (50 commits)
dm bufio: check new buffer allocation watermark every 30 seconds
dm bufio: avoid a possible ABBA deadlock
dm mpath: make it easier to detect unintended I/O request flushes
dm mpath: cleanup QUEUE_IF_NO_PATH bit manipulation by introducing assign_bit()
dm mpath: micro-optimize the hot path relative to MPATHF_QUEUE_IF_NO_PATH
dm: introduce enum dm_queue_mode to cleanup related code
dm mpath: verify __pg_init_all_paths locking assumptions at runtime
dm: verify suspend_locking assumptions at runtime
dm block manager: remove an unused argument from dm_block_manager_create()
dm rq: check blk_mq_register_dev() return value in dm_mq_init_request_queue()
dm mpath: delay requeuing while path initialization is in progress
dm mpath: avoid that path removal can trigger an infinite loop
dm mpath: split and rename activate_path() to prepare for its expanded use
dm ioctl: prevent stack leak in dm ioctl call
dm integrity: use previously calculated log2 of sectors_per_block
dm integrity: use hex2bin instead of open-coded variant
dm crypt: replace custom implementation of hex2bin()
dm crypt: remove obsolete references to per-CPU state
dm verity: switch to using asynchronous hash crypto API
dm crypt: use WQ_HIGHPRI for the IO and crypt workqueues
...
Allocate a dax_device to represent the capacity of a device-mapper
instance. Provide a ->direct_access() method via the new dax_operations
indirection that mirrors the functionality of the current direct_access
support via block_device_operations. Once fs/dax.c has been converted
to use dax_operations the old dm_blk_direct_access() will be removed.
A new helper dm_dax_get_live_target() is introduced to separate some of
the dm-specifics from the direct_access implementation.
This enabling is only for the top-level dm representation to upper
layers. Converting target direct_access implementations is deferred to a
separate patch.
Cc: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com>
Reviewed-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Since the commit 0cf4503174 ("dm raid: add support for the MD RAID0
personality"), the dm-raid subsystem can activate a RAID-0 array.
Therefore, add MD_RAID0 to the dependencies of DM_RAID, so that MD_RAID0
will be selected when DM_RAID is selected.
Fixes: 0cf4503174 ("dm raid: add support for the MD RAID0 personality")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v4.2+
Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
URLs to ftp.kernel.org are still exist though the service is closed [0].
This commit fixes the URLs to use www.kernel.org instead.
[0] https://www.kernel.org/shutting-down-ftp-services.html
Signed-off-by: SeongJae Park <sj38.park@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
The dm-integrity target emulates a block device that has additional
per-sector tags that can be used for storing integrity information.
A general problem with storing integrity tags with every sector is that
writing the sector and the integrity tag must be atomic - i.e. in case of
crash, either both sector and integrity tag or none of them is written.
To guarantee write atomicity the dm-integrity target uses a journal. It
writes sector data and integrity tags into a journal, commits the journal
and then copies the data and integrity tags to their respective location.
The dm-integrity target can be used with the dm-crypt target - in this
situation the dm-crypt target creates the integrity data and passes them
to the dm-integrity target via bio_integrity_payload attached to the bio.
In this mode, the dm-crypt and dm-integrity targets provide authenticated
disk encryption - if the attacker modifies the encrypted device, an I/O
error is returned instead of random data.
The dm-integrity target can also be used as a standalone target, in this
mode it calculates and verifies the integrity tag internally. In this
mode, the dm-integrity target can be used to detect silent data
corruption on the disk or in the I/O path.
Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Milan Broz <gmazyland@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
The cache policy interfaces have been updated to work well with the new
bio-prison v2 interface's ability to queue work immediately (promotion,
demotion, etc) -- overriding benefit being reduced latency on processing
IO through the cache. Previously such work would be left for the DM
cache core to queue on various lists and then process in batches later
-- this caused a serious delay in latency for IO driven by the cache.
The background tracker code was factored out so that all cache policies
can make use of it.
Also, the "cleaner" policy has been removed and is now a variant of the
smq policy that simply disallows migrations.
Signed-off-by: Joe Thornber <ejt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
The block manager's locking is useful for catching cycles that may
result from certain btree metadata corruption. But in general it serves
as a developer tool to catch bugs in code. Unless you're finding that
DM thin provisioning is hanging due to infinite loops within the block
manager's access to btree nodes you can safely disable this feature.
Signed-off-by: Joe Thornber <ejt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> # do/while(0) macro fix
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
smq seems to be performing better than the old mq policy in all
situations, as well as using a quarter of the memory.
Make 'mq' an alias for 'smq' when choosing a cache policy. The tunables
that were present for the old mq are faked, and have no effect. mq
should be considered deprecated now.
Signed-off-by: Joe Thornber <ejt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Add support for correcting corrupted blocks using Reed-Solomon.
This code uses RS(255, N) interleaved across data and hash
blocks. Each error-correcting block covers N bytes evenly
distributed across the combined total data, so that each byte is a
maximum distance away from the others. This makes it possible to
recover from several consecutive corrupted blocks with relatively
small space overhead.
In addition, using verity hashes to locate erasures nearly doubles
the effectiveness of error correction. Being able to detect
corrupted blocks also improves performance, because only corrupted
blocks need to corrected.
For a 2 GiB partition, RS(255, 253) (two parity bytes for each
253-byte block) can correct up to 16 MiB of consecutive corrupted
blocks if erasures can be located, and 8 MiB if they cannot, with
16 MiB space overhead.
Signed-off-by: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
The option DM_DEBUG_BLOCK_STACK_TRACING is moved from persistent-data
directory to device mapper directory because it will now be used by
persistent-data and bufio. When the option is enabled, each bufio buffer
stores the stacktrace of the last dm_bufio_get(), dm_bufio_read() or
dm_bufio_new() call that increased the hold count to 1. The buffer's
stacktrace is printed if the buffer was not released before the bufio
client is destroyed.
When DM_DEBUG_BLOCK_STACK_TRACING is enabled, any bufio buffer leaks are
considered warnings - i.e. the kernel continues afterwards. If not
enabled, buffer leaks are considered BUGs and the kernel with crash.
Reasoning on this disposition is: if we only ever warned on buffer leaks
users would generally ignore them and the problematic code would never
get fixed.
Successfully used to find source of bufio leaks fixed with commit
fce079f63c3 ("dm btree: fix bufio buffer leaks in dm_btree_del() error
path").
Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
The recent change of the raid5-cache code to use crc32c instead
of crc32 causes link errors when CONFIG_LIBCRC32C is disabled:
drivers/built-in.o: In function crc32c'
core.c:(.text+0x1c6060): undefined reference to `crc32c'
This adds an explicit 'select' statement like all other users
of this function do.
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Fixes: 5cb2fbd6ea ("raid5-cache: use crc32c checksum")
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
The major pieces of this patch are a set patches facilitating better
integration between scsi and scsi_dh (the device handling layer used by
multi-path; all the dm parts are acked by Mike Snitzer). It also includes
driver updates for mp3sas, scsi_debug and an assortment of bug fixes.
Signed-off-by: James Bottomley <JBottomley@Odin.com>
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Merge tag 'scsi-misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jejb/scsi
Pull second round of SCSI updates from James Bottomley:
"There's one late arriving patch here (added today), fixing a build
issue which the scsi_dh patch set in here uncovered. Other than that,
everything has been incubated in -next and the checkers for a week.
The major pieces of this patch are a set patches facilitating better
integration between scsi and scsi_dh (the device handling layer used
by multi-path; all the dm parts are acked by Mike Snitzer).
This also includes driver updates for mp3sas, scsi_debug and an
assortment of bug fixes"
* tag 'scsi-misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jejb/scsi: (50 commits)
scsi_dh: fix randconfig build error
scsi: fix scsi_error_handler vs. scsi_host_dev_release race
fcoe: Convert use of __constant_htons to htons
mpt2sas: setpci reset kernel oops fix
pm80xx: Don't override ts->stat on IO_OPEN_CNX_ERROR_HW_RESOURCE_BUSY
lpfc: Fix possible use-after-free and double free in lpfc_mbx_cmpl_rdp_page_a2()
bfa: Fix incorrect de-reference of pointer
bfa: Fix indentation
scsi_transport_sas: Remove check for SAS expander when querying bay/enclosure IDs.
scsi_debug: resp_request: remove unused variable
scsi_debug: fix REPORT LUNS Well Known LU
scsi_debug: schedule_resp fix input variable check
scsi_debug: make dump_sector static
scsi_debug: vfree is null safe so drop the check
scsi_debug: use SCSI_W_LUN_REPORT_LUNS instead of SAM2_WLUN_REPORT_LUNS;
scsi_debug: define pr_fmt() for consistent logging
mpt2sas: Refcount fw_events and fix unsafe list usage
mpt2sas: Refcount sas_device objects and fix unsafe list usage
scsi_dh: return SCSI_DH_NOTCONN in scsi_dh_activate()
scsi_dh: don't allow to detach device handlers at runtime
...
It looks like the Kconfig check that was meant to fix this (commit
fe9233fb69 [SCSI] scsi_dh: fix kconfig related
build errors) was actually reversed, but no-one noticed until the new set of
patches which separated DM and SCSI_DH).
Fixes: fe9233fb69
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Tested-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: James Bottomley <JBottomley@Odin.com>
Cryptsetup moved to gitlab. This is a leftover from commit e44f23b32d
(dm crypt: update URLs to new cryptsetup project page, 2015-04-05).
Signed-off-by: Baruch Siach <baruch@tkos.co.il>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
The stochastic-multi-queue (smq) policy addresses some of the problems
with the current multiqueue (mq) policy.
Memory usage
------------
The mq policy uses a lot of memory; 88 bytes per cache block on a 64
bit machine.
SMQ uses 28bit indexes to implement it's data structures rather than
pointers. It avoids storing an explicit hit count for each block. It
has a 'hotspot' queue rather than a pre cache which uses a quarter of
the entries (each hotspot block covers a larger area than a single
cache block).
All these mean smq uses ~25bytes per cache block. Still a lot of
memory, but a substantial improvement nontheless.
Level balancing
---------------
MQ places entries in different levels of the multiqueue structures
based on their hit count (~ln(hit count)). This means the bottom
levels generally have the most entries, and the top ones have very
few. Having unbalanced levels like this reduces the efficacy of the
multiqueue.
SMQ does not maintain a hit count, instead it swaps hit entries with
the least recently used entry from the level above. The over all
ordering being a side effect of this stochastic process. With this
scheme we can decide how many entries occupy each multiqueue level,
resulting in better promotion/demotion decisions.
Adaptability
------------
The MQ policy maintains a hit count for each cache block. For a
different block to get promoted to the cache it's hit count has to
exceed the lowest currently in the cache. This means it can take a
long time for the cache to adapt between varying IO patterns.
Periodically degrading the hit counts could help with this, but I
haven't found a nice general solution.
SMQ doesn't maintain hit counts, so a lot of this problem just goes
away. In addition it tracks performance of the hotspot queue, which
is used to decide which blocks to promote. If the hotspot queue is
performing badly then it starts moving entries more quickly between
levels. This lets it adapt to new IO patterns very quickly.
Performance
-----------
In my tests SMQ shows substantially better performance than MQ. Once
this matures a bit more I'm sure it'll become the default policy.
Signed-off-by: Joe Thornber <ejt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Highlights:
- "experimental" code for managing md/raid1 across a cluster using
DLM. Code is not ready for general use and triggers a WARNING if used.
However it is looking good and mostly done and having in mainline
will help co-ordinate development.
- RAID5/6 can now batch multiple (4K wide) stripe_heads so as to
handle a full (chunk wide) stripe as a single unit.
- RAID6 can now perform read-modify-write cycles which should
help performance on larger arrays: 6 or more devices.
- RAID5/6 stripe cache now grows and shrinks dynamically. The value
set is used as a minimum.
- Resync is now allowed to go a little faster than the 'mininum' when
there is competing IO. How much faster depends on the speed of the
devices, so the effective minimum should scale with device speed to
some extent.
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Merge tag 'md/4.1' of git://neil.brown.name/md
Pull md updates from Neil Brown:
"More updates that usual this time. A few have performance impacts
which hould mostly be positive, but RAID5 (in particular) can be very
work-load ensitive... We'll have to wait and see.
Highlights:
- "experimental" code for managing md/raid1 across a cluster using
DLM. Code is not ready for general use and triggers a WARNING if
used. However it is looking good and mostly done and having in
mainline will help co-ordinate development.
- RAID5/6 can now batch multiple (4K wide) stripe_heads so as to
handle a full (chunk wide) stripe as a single unit.
- RAID6 can now perform read-modify-write cycles which should help
performance on larger arrays: 6 or more devices.
- RAID5/6 stripe cache now grows and shrinks dynamically. The value
set is used as a minimum.
- Resync is now allowed to go a little faster than the 'mininum' when
there is competing IO. How much faster depends on the speed of the
devices, so the effective minimum should scale with device speed to
some extent"
* tag 'md/4.1' of git://neil.brown.name/md: (58 commits)
md/raid5: don't do chunk aligned read on degraded array.
md/raid5: allow the stripe_cache to grow and shrink.
md/raid5: change ->inactive_blocked to a bit-flag.
md/raid5: move max_nr_stripes management into grow_one_stripe and drop_one_stripe
md/raid5: pass gfp_t arg to grow_one_stripe()
md/raid5: introduce configuration option rmw_level
md/raid5: activate raid6 rmw feature
md/raid6 algorithms: xor_syndrome() for SSE2
md/raid6 algorithms: xor_syndrome() for generic int
md/raid6 algorithms: improve test program
md/raid6 algorithms: delta syndrome functions
raid5: handle expansion/resync case with stripe batching
raid5: handle io error of batch list
RAID5: batch adjacent full stripe write
raid5: track overwrite disk count
raid5: add a new flag to track if a stripe can be batched
raid5: use flex_array for scribble data
md raid0: access mddev->queue (request queue member) conditionally because it is not set when accessed from dm-raid
md: allow resync to go faster when there is competing IO.
md: remove 'go_faster' option from ->sync_request()
...
Introduce a new target that is meant for file system developers to test file
system integrity at particular points in the life of a file system. We capture
all write requests and associated data and log them to a separate device
for later replay. There is a userspace utility to do this replay. The
idea behind this is to give file system developers a tool to verify that
the file system is always consistent.
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: Zach Brown <zab@zabbo.net>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Request-based DM's blk-mq support defaults to off; but a user can easily
change the default using the dm_mod.use_blk_mq module/boot option.
Also, you can check what mode a given request-based DM device is using
with: cat /sys/block/dm-X/dm/use_blk_mq
This change enabled further cleanup and reduced work (e.g. the
md->io_pool and md->rq_pool isn't created if using blk-mq).
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Pull kconfig updates from Michal Marek:
"Yann E Morin was supposed to take over kconfig maintainership, but
this hasn't happened. So I'm sending a few kconfig patches that I
collected:
- Fix for missing va_end in kconfig
- merge_config.sh displays used if given too few arguments
- s/boolean/bool/ in Kconfig files for consistency, with the plan to
only support bool in the future"
* 'kconfig' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mmarek/kbuild:
kconfig: use va_end to match corresponding va_start
merge_config.sh: Display usage if given too few arguments
kconfig: use bool instead of boolean for type definition attributes
stacking ontop of blk-mq devices. This blk-mq support changes the
model request-based DM uses for cloning a request to relying on
calling blk_get_request() directly from the underlying blk-mq device.
Early consumer of this code is Intel's emerging NVMe hardware; thanks
to Keith Busch for working on, and pushing for, these changes.
- A few other small fixes and cleanups across other DM targets.
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Merge tag 'dm-3.20-changes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/device-mapper/linux-dm
Pull device mapper changes from Mike Snitzer:
- The most significant change this cycle is request-based DM now
supports stacking ontop of blk-mq devices. This blk-mq support
changes the model request-based DM uses for cloning a request to
relying on calling blk_get_request() directly from the underlying
blk-mq device.
An early consumer of this code is Intel's emerging NVMe hardware;
thanks to Keith Busch for working on, and pushing for, these changes.
- A few other small fixes and cleanups across other DM targets.
* tag 'dm-3.20-changes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/device-mapper/linux-dm:
dm: inherit QUEUE_FLAG_SG_GAPS flags from underlying queues
dm snapshot: remove unnecessary NULL checks before vfree() calls
dm mpath: simplify failure path of dm_multipath_init()
dm thin metadata: remove unused dm_pool_get_data_block_size()
dm ioctl: fix stale comment above dm_get_inactive_table()
dm crypt: update url in CONFIG_DM_CRYPT help text
dm bufio: fix time comparison to use time_after_eq()
dm: use time_in_range() and time_after()
dm raid: fix a couple integer overflows
dm table: train hybrid target type detection to select blk-mq if appropriate
dm: allocate requests in target when stacking on blk-mq devices
dm: prepare for allocating blk-mq clone requests in target
dm: submit stacked requests in irq enabled context
dm: split request structure out from dm_rq_target_io structure
dm: remove exports for request-based interfaces without external callers
Update the obsolete url in the CONFIG_DM_CRYPT help text.
Signed-off-by: Loic Pefferkorn <loic@loicp.eu>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Support for keyword 'boolean' will be dropped later on.
No functional change.
Reference: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/cover.1418003065.git.cj@linux.com
Signed-off-by: Christoph Jaeger <cj@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
SRCU is not necessary to be compiled by default in all cases. For tinification
efforts not compiling SRCU unless necessary is desirable.
The current patch tries to make compiling SRCU optional by introducing a new
Kconfig option CONFIG_SRCU which is selected when any of the components making
use of SRCU are selected.
If we do not select CONFIG_SRCU, srcu.o will not be compiled at all.
text data bss dec hex filename
2007 0 0 2007 7d7 kernel/rcu/srcu.o
Size of arch/powerpc/boot/zImage changes from
text data bss dec hex filename
831552 64180 23944 919676 e087c arch/powerpc/boot/zImage : before
829504 64180 23952 917636 e0084 arch/powerpc/boot/zImage : after
so the savings are about ~2000 bytes.
Signed-off-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
CC: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
CC: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
CC: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
[ paulmck: resolve conflict due to removal of arch/ia64/kvm/Kconfig. ]
dm-era is a target that behaves similar to the linear target. In
addition it keeps track of which blocks were written within a user
defined period of time called an 'era'. Each era target instance
maintains the current era as a monotonically increasing 32-bit
counter.
Use cases include tracking changed blocks for backup software, and
partially invalidating the contents of a cache to restore cache
coherency after rolling back a vendor snapshot.
dm-era is primarily expected to be paired with the dm-cache target.
Signed-off-by: Joe Thornber <ejt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Since DM_DEBUG_BLOCK_STACK_TRACING is a DM_PERSISTENT_DATA config option
move it from drivers/md/Kconfig to drivers/md/persistent-data/Kconfig.
Doing so fixes indentation for other DM config options.
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
This reverts commit be35f48610 ("dm: wait until embedded kobject is
released before destroying a device") and provides an improved fix.
The kobject release code that calls the completion must be placed in a
non-module file, otherwise there is a module unload race (if the process
calling dm_kobject_release is preempted and the DM module unloaded after
the completion is triggered, but before dm_kobject_release returns).
To fix this race, this patch moves the completion code to dm-builtin.c
which is always compiled directly into the kernel if BLK_DEV_DM is
selected.
The patch introduces a new dm_kobject_holder structure, its purpose is
to keep the completion and kobject in one place, so that it can be
accessed from non-module code without the need to export the layout of
struct mapped_device to that code.
Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Use dm-bufio for initial loading of the exceptions.
Introduce a new function dm_bufio_forget that frees the given buffer.
Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
DM's persistent-data library is now used my multiple targets so
exclusive references to "pool" or "thin provisioning" need to be
cleaned up. Adjust Kconfig's DM_DEBUG_BLOCK_STACK_TRACING text
and remove "pool" from a block manager error message.
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Joe Thornber <ejt@redhat.com>
The option DM_LOG_USERSPACE is sub-option of DM_MIRROR, so place it
right after DM_MIRROR. Doing so fixes various other Device mapper
targets/features to be properly nested under "Device mapper support".
Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
dm-switch is a new target that maps IO to underlying block devices
efficiently when there is a large number of fixed-sized address regions
but there is no simple pattern to allow for a compact mapping
representation such as dm-stripe.
Though we have developed this target for a specific storage device, Dell
EqualLogic, we have made an effort to keep it as general purpose as
possible in the hope that others may benefit.
Originally developed by Jim Ramsay. Simplified by Mikulas Patocka.
Signed-off-by: Jim Ramsay <jim_ramsay@dell.com>
Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Alasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>
Does writethrough and writeback caching, handles unclean shutdown, and
has a bunch of other nifty features motivated by real world usage.
See the wiki at http://bcache.evilpiepirate.org for more.
Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <koverstreet@google.com>
mostly little bugfixes.
Only "feature" is a new RAID10 layout which slightly
improves the number of sets of devices that can concurrently
fail, without data loss.
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Merge tag 'md-3.9' of git://neil.brown.name/md
Pull md updates from NeilBrown:
"Mostly little bugfixes.
Only "feature" is a new RAID10 layout which slightly improves the
number of sets of devices that can concurrently fail, without data
loss."
* tag 'md-3.9' of git://neil.brown.name/md:
md: expedite metadata update when switching read-auto -> active
md: remove CONFIG_MULTICORE_RAID456
md/raid1,raid10: fix deadlock with freeze_array()
md/raid0: improve error message when converting RAID4-with-spares to RAID0
md: raid0: fix error return from create_stripe_zones.
md: fix two bugs when attempting to resize RAID0 array.
DM RAID: Add support for MD's RAID10 "far" and "offset" algorithms
MD RAID10: Improve redundancy for 'far' and 'offset' algorithms (part 2)
MD RAID10: Improve redundancy for 'far' and 'offset' algorithms (part 1)
MD RAID10: Minor non-functional code changes
md: raid1,10: Handle REQ_WRITE_SAME flag in write bios
md: protect against crash upon fsync on ro array
A simple cache policy that writes back all data to the origin.
This is used to decommission a dm cache by emptying it.
Signed-off-by: Heinz Mauelshagen <mauelshagen@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Joe Thornber <ejt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Alasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>
A cache policy that uses a multiqueue ordered by recent hit
count to select which blocks should be promoted and demoted.
This is meant to be a general purpose policy. It prioritises
reads over writes.
Signed-off-by: Joe Thornber <ejt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Alasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>
Add a target that allows a fast device such as an SSD to be used as a
cache for a slower device such as a disk.
A plug-in architecture was chosen so that the decisions about which data
to migrate and when are delegated to interchangeable tunable policy
modules. The first general purpose module we have developed, called
"mq" (multiqueue), follows in the next patch. Other modules are
under development.
Signed-off-by: Joe Thornber <ejt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Heinz Mauelshagen <mauelshagen@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Alasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>
This doesn't seem to actually help and we have an alternate
multi-threading approach waiting in the wings, so just get
rid of this config option and associated code.
As a bonus, we remove one use of CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL
Cc: Dan Williams <djbw@fb.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
The bio prison code will be useful to other future DM targets so
move it to a separate module.
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Joe Thornber <ejt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Alasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>
This contains a few patches that depend on
plugging changes in the block layer so needs to wait
for those.
It also contains a Kconfig fix for the new RAID10 support
in dm-raid.
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Merge tag 'md-3.6' of git://neil.brown.name/md
Pull additional md update from NeilBrown:
"This contains a few patches that depend on plugging changes in the
block layer so needed to wait for those.
It also contains a Kconfig fix for the new RAID10 support in dm-raid."
* tag 'md-3.6' of git://neil.brown.name/md:
md/dm-raid: DM_RAID should select MD_RAID10
md/raid1: submit IO from originating thread instead of md thread.
raid5: raid5d handle stripe in batch way
raid5: make_request use batch stripe release
Mikulas Patocka
Dan Williams
Scott Bauer
Guoqing Jiang
Damien Le Moal
Linus Torvalds
Mike Snitzer
SeongJae Park
Joe Thornber
Sami Tolvanen
Arnd Bergmann
Christoph Hellwig
Geert Uytterhoeven
Baruch Siach
Josef Bacik
Goldwyn Rodrigues
Loic Pefferkorn
Christoph Jaeger
Pranith Kumar
Jim Ramsay
Kent Overstreet
Heinz Mauelshagen
Alasdair G Kergon
NeilBrown