commit 63095f4f3a upstream.
Kernel iterates over ATTR_RECORDs in mft record in ntfs_attr_find().
Because the ATTR_RECORDs are next to each other, kernel can get the next
ATTR_RECORD from end address of current ATTR_RECORD, through current
ATTR_RECORD length field.
The problem is that during iteration, when kernel calculates the end
address of current ATTR_RECORD, kernel may trigger an integer overflow bug
in executing `a = (ATTR_RECORD*)((u8*)a + le32_to_cpu(a->length))`. This
may wrap, leading to a forever iteration on 32bit systems.
This patch solves it by adding some checks on calculating end address
of current ATTR_RECORD during iteration.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220831160935.3409-4-yin31149@gmail.com
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20220827105842.GM2030@kadam/
Signed-off-by: Hawkins Jiawei <yin31149@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Cc: Anton Altaparmakov <anton@tuxera.com>
Cc: chenxiaosong (A) <chenxiaosong2@huawei.com>
Cc: syzkaller-bugs <syzkaller-bugs@googlegroups.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 36a4d82ddd upstream.
Kernel iterates over ATTR_RECORDs in mft record in ntfs_attr_find(). To
ensure access on these ATTR_RECORDs are within bounds, kernel will do some
checking during iteration.
The problem is that during checking whether ATTR_RECORD's name is within
bounds, kernel will dereferences the ATTR_RECORD name_offset field, before
checking this ATTR_RECORD strcture is within bounds. This problem may
result out-of-bounds read in ntfs_attr_find(), reported by Syzkaller:
==================================================================
BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in ntfs_attr_find+0xc02/0xce0 fs/ntfs/attrib.c:597
Read of size 2 at addr ffff88807e352009 by task syz-executor153/3607
[...]
Call Trace:
<TASK>
__dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:88 [inline]
dump_stack_lvl+0xcd/0x134 lib/dump_stack.c:106
print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:317 [inline]
print_report.cold+0x2ba/0x719 mm/kasan/report.c:433
kasan_report+0xb1/0x1e0 mm/kasan/report.c:495
ntfs_attr_find+0xc02/0xce0 fs/ntfs/attrib.c:597
ntfs_attr_lookup+0x1056/0x2070 fs/ntfs/attrib.c:1193
ntfs_read_inode_mount+0x89a/0x2580 fs/ntfs/inode.c:1845
ntfs_fill_super+0x1799/0x9320 fs/ntfs/super.c:2854
mount_bdev+0x34d/0x410 fs/super.c:1400
legacy_get_tree+0x105/0x220 fs/fs_context.c:610
vfs_get_tree+0x89/0x2f0 fs/super.c:1530
do_new_mount fs/namespace.c:3040 [inline]
path_mount+0x1326/0x1e20 fs/namespace.c:3370
do_mount fs/namespace.c:3383 [inline]
__do_sys_mount fs/namespace.c:3591 [inline]
__se_sys_mount fs/namespace.c:3568 [inline]
__x64_sys_mount+0x27f/0x300 fs/namespace.c:3568
do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:50 [inline]
do_syscall_64+0x35/0xb0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:80
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0xcd
[...]
</TASK>
The buggy address belongs to the physical page:
page:ffffea0001f8d400 refcount:1 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x7e350
head:ffffea0001f8d400 order:3 compound_mapcount:0 compound_pincount:0
flags: 0xfff00000010200(slab|head|node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff)
raw: 00fff00000010200 0000000000000000 dead000000000122 ffff888011842140
raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000040004 00000001ffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: kasan: bad access detected
Memory state around the buggy address:
ffff88807e351f00: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc
ffff88807e351f80: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc
>ffff88807e352000: fa fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
^
ffff88807e352080: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
ffff88807e352100: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
==================================================================
This patch solves it by moving the ATTR_RECORD strcture's bounds checking
earlier, then checking whether ATTR_RECORD's name is within bounds.
What's more, this patch also add some comments to improve its
maintainability.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220831160935.3409-3-yin31149@gmail.com
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/1636796c-c85e-7f47-e96f-e074fee3c7d3@huawei.com/
Link: https://groups.google.com/g/syzkaller-bugs/c/t_XdeKPGTR4/m/LECAuIGcBgAJ
Signed-off-by: chenxiaosong (A) <chenxiaosong2@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Hawkins Jiawei <yin31149@gmail.com>
Reported-by: syzbot+5f8dcabe4a3b2c51c607@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Tested-by: syzbot+5f8dcabe4a3b2c51c607@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Cc: Anton Altaparmakov <anton@tuxera.com>
Cc: syzkaller-bugs <syzkaller-bugs@googlegroups.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit d85a1bec8e upstream.
Patch series "ntfs: fix bugs about Attribute", v2.
This patchset fixes three bugs relative to Attribute in record:
Patch 1 adds a sanity check to ensure that, attrs_offset field in first
mft record loading from disk is within bounds.
Patch 2 moves the ATTR_RECORD's bounds checking earlier, to avoid
dereferencing ATTR_RECORD before checking this ATTR_RECORD is within
bounds.
Patch 3 adds an overflow checking to avoid possible forever loop in
ntfs_attr_find().
Without patch 1 and patch 2, the kernel triggersa KASAN use-after-free
detection as reported by Syzkaller.
Although one of patch 1 or patch 2 can fix this, we still need both of
them. Because patch 1 fixes the root cause, and patch 2 not only fixes
the direct cause, but also fixes the potential out-of-bounds bug.
This patch (of 3):
Syzkaller reported use-after-free read as follows:
==================================================================
BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in ntfs_attr_find+0xc02/0xce0 fs/ntfs/attrib.c:597
Read of size 2 at addr ffff88807e352009 by task syz-executor153/3607
[...]
Call Trace:
<TASK>
__dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:88 [inline]
dump_stack_lvl+0xcd/0x134 lib/dump_stack.c:106
print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:317 [inline]
print_report.cold+0x2ba/0x719 mm/kasan/report.c:433
kasan_report+0xb1/0x1e0 mm/kasan/report.c:495
ntfs_attr_find+0xc02/0xce0 fs/ntfs/attrib.c:597
ntfs_attr_lookup+0x1056/0x2070 fs/ntfs/attrib.c:1193
ntfs_read_inode_mount+0x89a/0x2580 fs/ntfs/inode.c:1845
ntfs_fill_super+0x1799/0x9320 fs/ntfs/super.c:2854
mount_bdev+0x34d/0x410 fs/super.c:1400
legacy_get_tree+0x105/0x220 fs/fs_context.c:610
vfs_get_tree+0x89/0x2f0 fs/super.c:1530
do_new_mount fs/namespace.c:3040 [inline]
path_mount+0x1326/0x1e20 fs/namespace.c:3370
do_mount fs/namespace.c:3383 [inline]
__do_sys_mount fs/namespace.c:3591 [inline]
__se_sys_mount fs/namespace.c:3568 [inline]
__x64_sys_mount+0x27f/0x300 fs/namespace.c:3568
do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:50 [inline]
do_syscall_64+0x35/0xb0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:80
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0xcd
[...]
</TASK>
The buggy address belongs to the physical page:
page:ffffea0001f8d400 refcount:1 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x7e350
head:ffffea0001f8d400 order:3 compound_mapcount:0 compound_pincount:0
flags: 0xfff00000010200(slab|head|node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff)
raw: 00fff00000010200 0000000000000000 dead000000000122 ffff888011842140
raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000040004 00000001ffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: kasan: bad access detected
Memory state around the buggy address:
ffff88807e351f00: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc
ffff88807e351f80: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc
>ffff88807e352000: fa fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
^
ffff88807e352080: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
ffff88807e352100: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
==================================================================
Kernel will loads $MFT/$DATA's first mft record in
ntfs_read_inode_mount().
Yet the problem is that after loading, kernel doesn't check whether
attrs_offset field is a valid value.
To be more specific, if attrs_offset field is larger than bytes_allocated
field, then it may trigger the out-of-bounds read bug(reported as
use-after-free bug) in ntfs_attr_find(), when kernel tries to access the
corresponding mft record's attribute.
This patch solves it by adding the sanity check between attrs_offset field
and bytes_allocated field, after loading the first mft record.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220831160935.3409-1-yin31149@gmail.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220831160935.3409-2-yin31149@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Hawkins Jiawei <yin31149@gmail.com>
Cc: Anton Altaparmakov <anton@tuxera.com>
Cc: ChenXiaoSong <chenxiaosong2@huawei.com>
Cc: syzkaller-bugs <syzkaller-bugs@googlegroups.com>
Cc: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit a6294593e8 upstream
Turn iov_iter_fault_in_readable into a function that returns the number
of bytes not faulted in, similar to copy_to_user, instead of returning a
non-zero value when any of the requested pages couldn't be faulted in.
This supports the existing users that require all pages to be faulted in
as well as new users that are happy if any pages can be faulted in.
Rename iov_iter_fault_in_readable to fault_in_iov_iter_readable to make
sure this change doesn't silently break things.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anand Jain <anand.jain@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit 714fbf2647 ]
ntfs_read_inode_mount invokes ntfs_malloc_nofs with zero allocation
size. It triggers one BUG in the __ntfs_malloc function.
Fix this by adding sanity check on ni->attr_list_size.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220120094914.47736-1-dzm91@hust.edu.cn
Reported-by: syzbot+3c765c5248797356edaa@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Signed-off-by: Dongliang Mu <mudongliangabcd@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Anton Altaparmakov <anton@tuxera.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
Pull iov_iter updates from Al Viro:
"iov_iter cleanups and fixes.
There are followups, but this is what had sat in -next this cycle. IMO
the macro forest in there became much thinner and easier to follow..."
* 'work.iov_iter' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (37 commits)
csum_and_copy_to_pipe_iter(): leave handling of csum_state to caller
clean up copy_mc_pipe_to_iter()
pipe_zero(): we don't need no stinkin' kmap_atomic()...
iov_iter: clean csum_and_copy_...() primitives up a bit
copy_page_from_iter(): don't need kmap_atomic() for kvec/bvec cases
copy_page_to_iter(): don't bother with kmap_atomic() for bvec/kvec cases
iterate_xarray(): only of the first iteration we might get offset != 0
pull handling of ->iov_offset into iterate_{iovec,bvec,xarray}
iov_iter: make iterator callbacks use base and len instead of iovec
iov_iter: make the amount already copied available to iterator callbacks
iov_iter: get rid of separate bvec and xarray callbacks
iov_iter: teach iterate_{bvec,xarray}() about possible short copies
iterate_bvec(): expand bvec.h macro forest, massage a bit
iov_iter: unify iterate_iovec and iterate_kvec
iov_iter: massage iterate_iovec and iterate_kvec to logics similar to iterate_bvec
iterate_and_advance(): get rid of magic in case when n is 0
csum_and_copy_to_iter(): massage into form closer to csum_and_copy_from_iter()
iov_iter: replace iov_iter_copy_from_user_atomic() with iterator-advancing variant
[xarray] iov_iter_npages(): just use DIV_ROUND_UP()
iov_iter_npages(): don't bother with iterate_all_kinds()
...
When checking the file name attribute, we want to ensure that it fits
within the bounds of ATTR_RECORD. To do this, we should check that (attr
record + file name offset + file name length) < (attr record + attr record
length).
However, the original check did not include the file name offset in the
calculation. This means that corrupted on-disk metadata might not caught
by the incorrect file name check, and lead to an invalid memory access.
An example can be seen in the crash report of a memory corruption error
found by Syzbot:
https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?id=a1a1e379b225812688566745c3e2f7242bffc246
Adding the file name offset to the validity check fixes this error and
passes the Syzbot reproducer test.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210614050540.289494-1-desmondcheongzx@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Desmond Cheong Zhi Xi <desmondcheongzx@gmail.com>
Reported-by: syzbot+213ac8bb98f7f4420840@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Tested-by: syzbot+213ac8bb98f7f4420840@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Acked-by: Anton Altaparmakov <anton@tuxera.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Replacement is called copy_page_from_iter_atomic(); unlike the old primitive the
callers do *not* need to do iov_iter_advance() after it. In case when they end
up consuming less than they'd been given they need to do iov_iter_revert() on
everything they had not consumed. That, however, needs to be done only on slow
paths.
All in-tree callers converted. And that kills the last user of iterate_all_kinds()
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Advance the original, let the caller revert if it needs to.
Don't mess with iov_iter_single_seg_count() in the caller -
if we got a (non-zero) short copy, use the amount actually
copied for the next pass, limit it to "up to the end
of page" if nothing got copied at all.
Originally fault-in only read the first iovec; back then it used
to make sense to limit to the just one iovec for the pass after
short copy. These days it's no long true.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Drop the repeated words "the" and "in" in comments.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210125194937.24627-1-rdunlap@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Anton Altaparmakov <anton@tuxera.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Extend some inode methods with an additional user namespace argument. A
filesystem that is aware of idmapped mounts will receive the user
namespace the mount has been marked with. This can be used for
additional permission checking and also to enable filesystems to
translate between uids and gids if they need to. We have implemented all
relevant helpers in earlier patches.
As requested we simply extend the exisiting inode method instead of
introducing new ones. This is a little more code churn but it's mostly
mechanical and doesnt't leave us with additional inode methods.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210121131959.646623-25-christian.brauner@ubuntu.com
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
When file attributes are changed most filesystems rely on the
setattr_prepare(), setattr_copy(), and notify_change() helpers for
initialization and permission checking. Let them handle idmapped mounts.
If the inode is accessed through an idmapped mount map it into the
mount's user namespace. Afterwards the checks are identical to
non-idmapped mounts. If the initial user namespace is passed nothing
changes so non-idmapped mounts will see identical behavior as before.
Helpers that perform checks on the ia_uid and ia_gid fields in struct
iattr assume that ia_uid and ia_gid are intended values and have already
been mapped correctly at the userspace-kernelspace boundary as we
already do today. If the initial user namespace is passed nothing
changes so non-idmapped mounts will see identical behavior as before.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210121131959.646623-8-christian.brauner@ubuntu.com
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
This variable isn't used anymore, remove it to skip W=1 warning:
fs/ntfs/inode.c:2350:6: warning: variable `attr_len' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/4194376f-898b-b602-81c3-210567712092@linux.alibaba.com
Signed-off-by: Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Acked-by: Anton Altaparmakov <anton@tuxera.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We actually don't use these varibles, so remove them to avoid gcc warning:
fs/ntfs/file.c:326:14: warning: variable `base_ni' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
fs/ntfs/logfile.c:481:21: warning: variable `log_page_mask' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1604821092-54631-1-git-send-email-alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com
Signed-off-by: Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Acked-by: Anton Altaparmakov <anton@tuxera.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull misc vfs updates from Al Viro:
"Assorted stuff all over the place (the largest group here is
Christoph's stat cleanups)"
* 'work.misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
fs: remove KSTAT_QUERY_FLAGS
fs: remove vfs_stat_set_lookup_flags
fs: move vfs_fstatat out of line
fs: implement vfs_stat and vfs_lstat in terms of vfs_fstatat
fs: remove vfs_statx_fd
fs: omfs: use kmemdup() rather than kmalloc+memcpy
[PATCH] reduce boilerplate in fsid handling
fs: Remove duplicated flag O_NDELAY occurring twice in VALID_OPEN_FLAGS
selftests: mount: add nosymfollow tests
Add a "nosymfollow" mount option.
Clang's Control Flow Integrity (CFI) is a security mechanism that can help
prevent JOP chains, deployed extensively in downstream kernels used in
Android.
Its deployment is hindered by mismatches in function signatures. For this
case, we make callbacks match their intended function signature, and cast
parameters within them rather than casting the callback when passed as a
parameter.
When running `mount -t ntfs ...` we observe the following trace:
Call trace:
__cfi_check_fail+0x1c/0x24
name_to_dev_t+0x0/0x404
iget5_locked+0x594/0x5e8
ntfs_fill_super+0xbfc/0x43ec
mount_bdev+0x30c/0x3cc
ntfs_mount+0x18/0x24
mount_fs+0x1b0/0x380
vfs_kern_mount+0x90/0x398
do_mount+0x5d8/0x1a10
SyS_mount+0x108/0x144
el0_svc_naked+0x34/0x38
Signed-off-by: Luca Stefani <luca.stefani.ge1@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Tested-by: freak07 <michalechner92@googlemail.com>
Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Anton Altaparmakov <anton@tuxera.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200718112513.533800-1-luca.stefani.ge1@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Move most of the block related definition out of fs.h into more suitable
headers.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Merge updates from Andrew Morton:
"A few little subsystems and a start of a lot of MM patches.
Subsystems affected by this patch series: squashfs, ocfs2, parisc,
vfs. With mm subsystems: slab-generic, slub, debug, pagecache, gup,
swap, memcg, pagemap, memory-failure, vmalloc, kasan"
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (128 commits)
kasan: move kasan_report() into report.c
mm/mm_init.c: report kasan-tag information stored in page->flags
ubsan: entirely disable alignment checks under UBSAN_TRAP
kasan: fix clang compilation warning due to stack protector
x86/mm: remove vmalloc faulting
mm: remove vmalloc_sync_(un)mappings()
x86/mm/32: implement arch_sync_kernel_mappings()
x86/mm/64: implement arch_sync_kernel_mappings()
mm/ioremap: track which page-table levels were modified
mm/vmalloc: track which page-table levels were modified
mm: add functions to track page directory modifications
s390: use __vmalloc_node in stack_alloc
powerpc: use __vmalloc_node in alloc_vm_stack
arm64: use __vmalloc_node in arch_alloc_vmap_stack
mm: remove vmalloc_user_node_flags
mm: switch the test_vmalloc module to use __vmalloc_node
mm: remove __vmalloc_node_flags_caller
mm: remove both instances of __vmalloc_node_flags
mm: remove the prot argument to __vmalloc_node
mm: remove the pgprot argument to __vmalloc
...
Call the new function since attach_page_buffers will be removed.
Signed-off-by: Guoqing Jiang <guoqing.jiang@cloud.ionos.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Anton Altaparmakov <anton@tuxera.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200517214718.468-8-guoqing.jiang@cloud.ionos.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Bit spinlocks are problematic if PREEMPT_RT is enabled, because they
disable preemption, which is undesired for latency reasons and breaks when
regular spinlocks are taken within the bit_spinlock locked region because
regular spinlocks are converted to 'sleeping spinlocks' on RT.
PREEMPT_RT replaced the bit spinlocks with regular spinlocks to avoid this
problem. The replacement was done conditionaly at compile time, but
Christoph requested to do an unconditional conversion.
Jan suggested to move the spinlock into a existing padding hole which
avoids a size increase of struct buffer_head on production kernels.
As a benefit the lock gains lockdep coverage.
[ bigeasy: Remove the wrapper and use always spinlock_t and move it into
the padding hole ]
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191118132824.rclhrbujqh4b4g4d@linutronix.de
Push clamping timestamps into notify_change(), so in-kernel
callers like nfsd and overlayfs will get similar timestamp
set behavior as utimes.
AV: get rid of clamping in ->setattr() instances; we don't need
to bother with that there, with notify_change() doing normalization
in all cases now (it already did for implicit case, since current_time()
clamps).
Suggested-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
Fixes: 42e729b9dd ("utimes: Clamp the timestamps before update")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v5.4
Cc: Deepa Dinamani <deepa.kernel@gmail.com>
Cc: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Based on 1 normalized pattern(s):
this program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify
it under the terms of the gnu general public license as published by
the free software foundation either version 2 of the license or at
your option any later version this program is distributed in the
hope that it will be useful but without any warranty without even
the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular
purpose see the gnu general public license for more details you
should have received a copy of the gnu general public license along
with this program in the main directory of the linux [ntfs] source
in the file copying if not write to the free software foundation inc
59 temple place suite 330 boston ma 02111 1307 usa
extracted by the scancode license scanner the SPDX license identifier
GPL-2.0-or-later
has been chosen to replace the boilerplate/reference in 1 file(s).
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Allison Randal <allison@lohutok.net>
Reviewed-by: Richard Fontana <rfontana@redhat.com>
Cc: linux-spdx@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520075212.609299512@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Based on 1 normalized pattern(s):
this program include file is free software you can redistribute it
and or modify it under the terms of the gnu general public license
as published by the free software foundation either version 2 of the
license or at your option any later version this program include
file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful but without
any warranty without even the implied warranty of merchantability or
fitness for a particular purpose see the gnu general public license
for more details you should have received a copy of the gnu general
public license along with this program in the main directory of the
linux [ntfs] distribution in the file copying if not write to the
free software foundation inc 59 temple place suite 330 boston ma
02111 1307 usa
extracted by the scancode license scanner the SPDX license identifier
GPL-2.0-or-later
has been chosen to replace the boilerplate/reference in 43 file(s).
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Richard Fontana <rfontana@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Allison Randal <allison@lohutok.net>
Cc: linux-spdx@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520075212.517001706@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Add SPDX license identifiers to all Make/Kconfig files which:
- Have no license information of any form
These files fall under the project license, GPL v2 only. The resulting SPDX
license identifier is:
GPL-2.0-only
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
move the synchronous stuff from ->destroy_inode() to ->evict_inode(),
turn the RCU-delayed part into ->free_inode()
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
totalram_pages and totalhigh_pages are made static inline function.
Main motivation was that managed_page_count_lock handling was complicating
things. It was discussed in length here,
https://lore.kernel.org/patchwork/patch/995739/#1181785 So it seemes
better to remove the lock and convert variables to atomic, with preventing
poteintial store-to-read tearing as a bonus.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding style fixes]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1542090790-21750-4-git-send-email-arunks@codeaurora.org
Signed-off-by: Arun KS <arunks@codeaurora.org>
Suggested-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Suggested-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Reviewed-by: Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In the quest to remove all stack VLA usage from the kernel[1], this
allocates the maximum size stack buffer. Existing checks already
require that blocksize >= NTFS_BLOCK_SIZE and mft_record_size <=
PAGE_SIZE, so max_bhs can be at most PAGE_SIZE / NTFS_BLOCK_SIZE.
Sanity checks are added for robustness.
[1] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/CA+55aFzCG-zNmZwX4A2FQpadafLfEzK6CC=qPXydAacU1RqZWA@mail.gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180626172909.41453-4-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Anton Altaparmakov <anton@tuxera.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In the quest to remove all stack VLA usage from the kernel[1], this
moves the stack buffer used during decompression to be allocated
externally.
The existing "dest_max_index" used in the VLA is bounded by cb_max_page.
cb_max_page is bounded by max_page, and max_page is bounded by nr_pages.
Since nr_pages is used for the "pages" allocation, it can similarly be
used for the "completed_pages" allocation and passed into the
decompression function. The error paths are updated to free the new
allocation.
[1] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/CA+55aFzCG-zNmZwX4A2FQpadafLfEzK6CC=qPXydAacU1RqZWA@mail.gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180626172909.41453-3-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Anton Altaparmakov <anton@tuxera.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
ntfs_end_buffer_async_read() disables interrupts around kmap_atomic().
This is a leftover from the old kmap_atomic() implementation which
relied on fixed mapping slots, so the caller had to make sure that the
same slot could not be reused from an interrupting context.
kmap_atomic() was changed to dynamic slots long ago and commit
1ec9c5ddc1 ("include/linux/highmem.h: remove the second argument of
k[un]map_atomic()") removed the slot assignements, but the callers were
not checked for now redundant interrupt disabling.
Remove the conditional interrupt disable.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180611144913.gln5mklhqcrfsoom@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Cc: Anton Altaparmakov <anton@tuxera.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Now that the VFS has been converted from timespec to timespec64
timestamps, only the conversion to/from ntfs timestamps uses 32-bit
seconds.
This changes that last missing piece to get the ntfs implementation
y2038 safe on 32-bit architectures.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180718115017.742609-2-arnd@arndb.de
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Anton Altaparmakov <anton@tuxera.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This is a late set of changes from Deepa Dinamani doing an automated
treewide conversion of the inode and iattr structures from 'timespec'
to 'timespec64', to push the conversion from the VFS layer into the
individual file systems.
There were no conflicts between this and the contents of linux-next
until just before the merge window, when we saw multiple problems:
- A minor conflict with my own y2038 fixes, which I could address
by adding another patch on top here.
- One semantic conflict with late changes to the NFS tree. I addressed
this by merging Deepa's original branch on top of the changes that
now got merged into mainline and making sure the merge commit includes
the necessary changes as produced by coccinelle.
- A trivial conflict against the removal of staging/lustre.
- Multiple conflicts against the VFS changes in the overlayfs tree.
These are still part of linux-next, but apparently this is no longer
intended for 4.18 [1], so I am ignoring that part.
As Deepa writes:
The series aims to switch vfs timestamps to use struct timespec64.
Currently vfs uses struct timespec, which is not y2038 safe.
The series involves the following:
1. Add vfs helper functions for supporting struct timepec64 timestamps.
2. Cast prints of vfs timestamps to avoid warnings after the switch.
3. Simplify code using vfs timestamps so that the actual
replacement becomes easy.
4. Convert vfs timestamps to use struct timespec64 using a script.
This is a flag day patch.
Next steps:
1. Convert APIs that can handle timespec64, instead of converting
timestamps at the boundaries.
2. Update internal data structures to avoid timestamp conversions.
Thomas Gleixner adds:
I think there is no point to drag that out for the next merge window.
The whole thing needs to be done in one go for the core changes which
means that you're going to play that catchup game forever. Let's get
over with it towards the end of the merge window.
[1] https://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-fsdevel/msg128294.html
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Merge tag 'vfs-timespec64' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/playground
Pull inode timestamps conversion to timespec64 from Arnd Bergmann:
"This is a late set of changes from Deepa Dinamani doing an automated
treewide conversion of the inode and iattr structures from 'timespec'
to 'timespec64', to push the conversion from the VFS layer into the
individual file systems.
As Deepa writes:
'The series aims to switch vfs timestamps to use struct timespec64.
Currently vfs uses struct timespec, which is not y2038 safe.
The series involves the following:
1. Add vfs helper functions for supporting struct timepec64
timestamps.
2. Cast prints of vfs timestamps to avoid warnings after the switch.
3. Simplify code using vfs timestamps so that the actual replacement
becomes easy.
4. Convert vfs timestamps to use struct timespec64 using a script.
This is a flag day patch.
Next steps:
1. Convert APIs that can handle timespec64, instead of converting
timestamps at the boundaries.
2. Update internal data structures to avoid timestamp conversions'
Thomas Gleixner adds:
'I think there is no point to drag that out for the next merge
window. The whole thing needs to be done in one go for the core
changes which means that you're going to play that catchup game
forever. Let's get over with it towards the end of the merge window'"
* tag 'vfs-timespec64' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/playground:
pstore: Remove bogus format string definition
vfs: change inode times to use struct timespec64
pstore: Convert internal records to timespec64
udf: Simplify calls to udf_disk_stamp_to_time
fs: nfs: get rid of memcpys for inode times
ceph: make inode time prints to be long long
lustre: Use long long type to print inode time
fs: add timespec64_truncate()
I_DIRTY_DATASYNC is a strict superset of I_DIRTY_SYNC semantics, as
in mark dirty to be written out by fdatasync as well. So dirtying
for both flags makes no sense.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
NTFS keeps track of the i_version counter here, seemingly for no reason.
It does not set the SB_I_VERSION flag so it'll never be incremented on
write, and it doesn't increment it internally for metadata operations.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
This is a pure automated search-and-replace of the internal kernel
superblock flags.
The s_flags are now called SB_*, with the names and the values for the
moment mirroring the MS_* flags that they're equivalent to.
Note how the MS_xyz flags are the ones passed to the mount system call,
while the SB_xyz flags are what we then use in sb->s_flags.
The script to do this was:
# places to look in; re security/*: it generally should *not* be
# touched (that stuff parses mount(2) arguments directly), but
# there are two places where we really deal with superblock flags.
FILES="drivers/mtd drivers/staging/lustre fs ipc mm \
include/linux/fs.h include/uapi/linux/bfs_fs.h \
security/apparmor/apparmorfs.c security/apparmor/include/lib.h"
# the list of MS_... constants
SYMS="RDONLY NOSUID NODEV NOEXEC SYNCHRONOUS REMOUNT MANDLOCK \
DIRSYNC NOATIME NODIRATIME BIND MOVE REC VERBOSE SILENT \
POSIXACL UNBINDABLE PRIVATE SLAVE SHARED RELATIME KERNMOUNT \
I_VERSION STRICTATIME LAZYTIME SUBMOUNT NOREMOTELOCK NOSEC BORN \
ACTIVE NOUSER"
SED_PROG=
for i in $SYMS; do SED_PROG="$SED_PROG -e s/MS_$i/SB_$i/g"; done
# we want files that contain at least one of MS_...,
# with fs/namespace.c and fs/pnode.c excluded.
L=$(for i in $SYMS; do git grep -w -l MS_$i $FILES; done| sort|uniq|grep -v '^fs/namespace.c'|grep -v '^fs/pnode.c')
for f in $L; do sed -i $f $SED_PROG; done
Requested-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull core block layer updates from Jens Axboe:
"This is the main pull request for block storage for 4.15-rc1.
Nothing out of the ordinary in here, and no API changes or anything
like that. Just various new features for drivers, core changes, etc.
In particular, this pull request contains:
- A patch series from Bart, closing the whole on blk/scsi-mq queue
quescing.
- A series from Christoph, building towards hidden gendisks (for
multipath) and ability to move bio chains around.
- NVMe
- Support for native multipath for NVMe (Christoph).
- Userspace notifications for AENs (Keith).
- Command side-effects support (Keith).
- SGL support (Chaitanya Kulkarni)
- FC fixes and improvements (James Smart)
- Lots of fixes and tweaks (Various)
- bcache
- New maintainer (Michael Lyle)
- Writeback control improvements (Michael)
- Various fixes (Coly, Elena, Eric, Liang, et al)
- lightnvm updates, mostly centered around the pblk interface
(Javier, Hans, and Rakesh).
- Removal of unused bio/bvec kmap atomic interfaces (me, Christoph)
- Writeback series that fix the much discussed hundreds of millions
of sync-all units. This goes all the way, as discussed previously
(me).
- Fix for missing wakeup on writeback timer adjustments (Yafang
Shao).
- Fix laptop mode on blk-mq (me).
- {mq,name} tupple lookup for IO schedulers, allowing us to have
alias names. This means you can use 'deadline' on both !mq and on
mq (where it's called mq-deadline). (me).
- blktrace race fix, oopsing on sg load (me).
- blk-mq optimizations (me).
- Obscure waitqueue race fix for kyber (Omar).
- NBD fixes (Josef).
- Disable writeback throttling by default on bfq, like we do on cfq
(Luca Miccio).
- Series from Ming that enable us to treat flush requests on blk-mq
like any other request. This is a really nice cleanup.
- Series from Ming that improves merging on blk-mq with schedulers,
getting us closer to flipping the switch on scsi-mq again.
- BFQ updates (Paolo).
- blk-mq atomic flags memory ordering fixes (Peter Z).
- Loop cgroup support (Shaohua).
- Lots of minor fixes from lots of different folks, both for core and
driver code"
* 'for-4.15/block' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (294 commits)
nvme: fix visibility of "uuid" ns attribute
blk-mq: fixup some comment typos and lengths
ide: ide-atapi: fix compile error with defining macro DEBUG
blk-mq: improve tag waiting setup for non-shared tags
brd: remove unused brd_mutex
blk-mq: only run the hardware queue if IO is pending
block: avoid null pointer dereference on null disk
fs: guard_bio_eod() needs to consider partitions
xtensa/simdisk: fix compile error
nvme: expose subsys attribute to sysfs
nvme: create 'slaves' and 'holders' entries for hidden controllers
block: create 'slaves' and 'holders' entries for hidden gendisks
nvme: also expose the namespace identification sysfs files for mpath nodes
nvme: implement multipath access to nvme subsystems
nvme: track shared namespaces
nvme: introduce a nvme_ns_ids structure
nvme: track subsystems
block, nvme: Introduce blk_mq_req_flags_t
block, scsi: Make SCSI quiesce and resume work reliably
block: Add the QUEUE_FLAG_PREEMPT_ONLY request queue flag
...
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Instead of adding weird retry logic in that function, utilize
__GFP_NOFAIL to ensure that the vm takes care of handling any
potential retries appropriately. This means we don't have to
call free_more_memory() from here.
Reviewed-by: Nikolay Borisov <nborisov@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Hawkins Jiawei
ChenXiaoSong
Andreas Gruenbacher
Dongliang Mu
Linus Torvalds
Desmond Cheong Zhi Xi
Al Viro
Rustam Kovhaev
Randy Dunlap
Christian Brauner
Alex Shi
Luca Stefani
Christoph Hellwig
Guoqing Jiang
Mauro Carvalho Chehab
Thomas Gleixner
Amir Goldstein
Denis Efremov
Deepa Dinamani
Arun KS
Kees Cook
Sebastian Andrzej Siewior
Arnd Bergmann
Jeff Layton
Greg Kroah-Hartman
Jens Axboe