Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This change is similar to e001bbae71
ARM: cmpxchg: avoid warnings from macro-ized cmpxchg() implementations
A recent change in kernel/acct.c added a new warning for many
configurations using generic __xchg() implementation:
In file included from ./arch/nios2/include/asm/cmpxchg.h:12:0,
from include/asm-generic/atomic.h:18,
from arch/nios2/include/generated/asm/atomic.h:1,
from include/linux/atomic.h:4,
from include/linux/spinlock.h:406,
from include/linux/mmzone.h:7,
from include/linux/gfp.h:5,
from include/linux/mm.h:9,
from kernel/acct.c:46:
kernel/acct.c: In function 'acct_pin_kill':
include/asm-generic/cmpxchg.h:94:3: warning: value computed is not used [-Wunused-value]
((__typeof__(*(ptr)))__cmpxchg_local_generic((ptr), (unsigned long)(o),\
^
include/asm-generic/cmpxchg.h:102:28: note: in expansion of macro 'cmpxchg_local'
#define cmpxchg(ptr, o, n) cmpxchg_local((ptr), (o), (n))
^
kernel/acct.c:177:2: note: in expansion of macro 'cmpxchg'
cmpxchg(&acct->ns->bacct, pin, NULL);
^
The code is in fact correct, it's just a cmpxchg() call that
intentionally ignores the result, and no other code does that. The
warning does not show up on x86 because of the way that its cmpxchg()
macro is written. This changes the asm-ggeneric implementation to use
a similar construct with a compound expression instead of a typecast,
which causes the compiler to not complain about an unused result.
Fix the other macros in this file in a similar way, and place them
just below their function implementations.
Signed-off-by: Marek Vasut <marex@denx.de>
Cc: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
The rtmutex code is the only user of __HAVE_ARCH_CMPXCHG and we have a few
other user of cmpxchg() which do not care about __HAVE_ARCH_CMPXCHG. This
define was first introduced in 23f78d4a0 ("[PATCH] pi-futex: rt mutex core")
which is v2.6.18. The generic cmpxchg was introduced later in 068fbad288
("Add cmpxchg_local to asm-generic for per cpu atomic operations") which is
v2.6.25.
Back then something was required to get rtmutex working with the fast
path on architectures without cmpxchg and this seems to be the result.
It popped up recently on rt-users because ARM (v6+) does not define
__HAVE_ARCH_CMPXCHG (even that it implements it) which results in slower
locking performance in the fast path.
To put some numbers on it: preempt -RT, am335x, 10 loops of
100000 invocations of rt_spin_lock() + rt_spin_unlock() (time "total" is
the average of the 10 loops for the 100000 invocations, "loop" is
"total / 100000 * 1000"):
cmpxchg | slowpath used || cmpxchg used
| total | loop || total | loop
--------|-----------|-------||------------|-------
ARMv6 | 9129.4 us | 91 ns || 3311.9 us | 33 ns
generic | 9360.2 us | 94 ns || 10834.6 us | 108 ns
----------------------------||--------------------
Forcing it to generic cmpxchg() made things worse for the slowpath and
even worse in cmpxchg() path. It boils down to 14ns more per lock+unlock
in a cache hot loop so it might not be that much in real world.
The last test was a substitute for pre ARMv6 machine but then I was able
to perform the comparison on imx28 which is ARMv5 and therefore is
always is using the generic cmpxchg implementation. And the numbers:
| total | loop
-------- |----------- |--------
slowpath | 263937.2 us | 2639 ns
cmpxchg | 16934.2 us | 169 ns
--------------------------------
The numbers are larger since the machine is slower in general. However,
letting rtmutex use cmpxchg() instead the slowpath seem to improve things.
Since from the ARM (tested on am335x + imx28) point of view always
using cmpxchg() in rt_mutex_lock() + rt_mutex_unlock() makes sense I
would drop the define.
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: will.deacon@arm.com
Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150225175613.GE6823@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
asm/cmpxchg.h can be included on its own and needs to be self-consistent.
The definitions for the cmpxchg*_local macros, as such, need to be part
of this file.
This fixes a build issue on OpenRISC since the system.h smashing patch
96f951edb1 that introdued the direct inclusion
asm/cmpxchg.h into linux/llist.h.
CC: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Builds of the openrisc or1ksim_defconfig show the following:
In file included from arch/openrisc/include/generated/asm/cmpxchg.h:1:0,
from include/asm-generic/atomic.h:18,
from arch/openrisc/include/generated/asm/atomic.h:1,
from include/linux/atomic.h:4,
from include/linux/dcache.h:4,
from fs/notify/fsnotify.c:19:
include/asm-generic/cmpxchg.h: In function '__xchg':
include/asm-generic/cmpxchg.h:34:20: error: expected ')' before 'u8'
include/asm-generic/cmpxchg.h:34:20: warning: type defaults to 'int' in type name
and many more lines of similar errors. It seems specific to the or32
because most other platforms have an arch specific component that would
have already included types.h ahead of time, but the o32 does not.
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se>
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Move the asm-generic/system.h xchg() implementation to asm-generic/cmpxchg.h
to simplify disintegration of asm/system.h.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Make asm-generic/cmpxchg.h #include asm-generic/cmpxchg-local.h as all arch
files that #include the former also #include the latter. See:
grep -rl asm-generic/cmpxchg-local[.]h arch/ | sort > b
grep -rl asm-generic/cmpxchg[.]h arch/ | sort > a
comm a b
This simplifies the disintegration of asm-generic/system.h for arches that
don't have their own.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Greg Kroah-Hartman
Marek Vasut
Sebastian Andrzej Siewior
Jonas Bonn
Paul Gortmaker
David Howells
Mathieu Desnoyers