When a write to one of the legs of a RAID1 fails, the failure is
recorded in the metadata of the other leg(s) so that after a restart
the data on the failed drive wont be trusted even if that drive seems
to be working again (maybe a cable was unplugged).
Similarly when we record a bad-block in response to a write failure,
we must not let the write complete until the bad-block update is safe.
Currently there is no interlock between the write request completing
and the metadata update. So it is possible that the write will
complete, the app will confirm success in some way, and then the
machine will crash before the metadata update completes.
This is an extremely small hole for a racy to fit in, but it is
theoretically possible and so should be closed.
So:
- set MD_CHANGE_PENDING when requesting a metadata update for a
failed device, so we can know with certainty when it completes
- queue requests that experienced an error on a new queue which
is only processed after the metadata update completes
- call raid_end_bio_io() on bios in that queue when the time comes.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
There is currently no locking around calls to the 'congested'
bdi function. If called at an awkward time while an array is
being converted from one level (or personality) to another, there
is a tiny chance of running code in an unreferenced module etc.
So add a 'congested' function to the md_personality operations
structure, and call it with appropriate locking from a central
'mddev_congested'.
When the array personality is changing the array will be 'suspended'
so no IO is processed.
If mddev_congested detects this, it simply reports that the
array is congested, which is a safe guess.
As mddev_suspend calls synchronize_rcu(), mddev_congested can
avoid races by included the whole call inside an rcu_read_lock()
region.
This require that the congested functions for all subordinate devices
can be run under rcu_lock. Fortunately this is the case.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
There is an iobarrier in raid1 because of contention between normal IO and
resync IO. It suspends all normal IO when resync/recovery happens.
However if normal IO is out side the resync window, there is no contention.
So this patch changes the barrier mechanism to only block IO that
could contend with the resync that is currently happening.
We partition the whole space into five parts.
|---------|-----------|------------|----------------|-------|
start next_resync start_next_window end_window
start + RESYNC_WINDOW = next_resync
next_resync + NEXT_NORMALIO_DISTANCE = start_next_window
start_next_window + NEXT_NORMALIO_DISTANCE = end_window
Firstly we introduce some concepts:
1 - RESYNC_WINDOW: For resync, there are 32 resync requests at most at the
same time. A sync request is RESYNC_BLOCK_SIZE(64*1024).
So the RESYNC_WINDOW is 32 * RESYNC_BLOCK_SIZE, that is 2MB.
2 - NEXT_NORMALIO_DISTANCE: the distance between next_resync
and start_next_window. It also indicates the distance between
start_next_window and end_window.
It is currently 3 * RESYNC_WINDOW_SIZE but could be tuned if
this turned out not to be optimal.
3 - next_resync: the next sector at which we will do sync IO.
4 - start: a position which is at most RESYNC_WINDOW before
next_resync.
5 - start_next_window: a position which is NEXT_NORMALIO_DISTANCE
beyond next_resync. Normal-io after this position doesn't need to
wait for resync-io to complete.
6 - end_window: a position which is 2 * NEXT_NORMALIO_DISTANCE beyond
next_resync. This also doesn't need to wait, but is counted
differently.
7 - current_window_requests: the count of normalIO between
start_next_window and end_window.
8 - next_window_requests: the count of normalIO after end_window.
NormalIO will be partitioned into four types:
NormIO1: the end sector of bio is smaller or equal the start
NormIO2: the start sector of bio larger or equal to end_window
NormIO3: the start sector of bio larger or equal to
start_next_window.
NormIO4: the location between start_next_window and end_window
|--------|-----------|--------------------|----------------|-------------|
| start | next_resync | start_next_window | end_window |
NormIO1 NormIO4 NormIO4 NormIO3 NormIO2
For NormIO1, we don't need any io barrier.
For NormIO4, we used a similar approach to the original iobarrier
mechanism. The normalIO and resyncIO must be kept separate.
For NormIO2/3, we add two fields to struct r1conf: "current_window_requests"
and "next_window_requests". They indicate the count of active
requests in the two window.
For these, we don't wait for resync io to complete.
For resync action, if there are NormIO4s, we must wait for it.
If not, we can proceed.
But if resync action reaches start_next_window and
current_window_requests > 0 (that is there are NormIO3s), we must
wait until the current_window_requests becomes zero.
When current_window_requests becomes zero, start_next_window also
moves forward. Then current_window_requests will replaced by
next_window_requests.
There is a problem which when and how to change from NormIO2 to
NormIO3. Only then can sync action progress.
We add a field in struct r1conf "start_next_window".
A: if start_next_window == MaxSector, it means there are no NormIO2/3.
So start_next_window = next_resync + NEXT_NORMALIO_DISTANCE
B: if current_window_requests == 0 && next_window_requests != 0, it
means start_next_window move to end_window
There is another problem which how to differentiate between
old NormIO2(now it is NormIO3) and NormIO2.
For example, there are many bios which are NormIO2 and a bio which is
NormIO3. NormIO3 firstly completed, so the bios of NormIO2 became NormIO3.
We add a field in struct r1bio "start_next_window".
This is used to record the position conf->start_next_window when the call
to wait_barrier() is made in make_request().
In allow_barrier(), we check the conf->start_next_window.
If r1bio->stat_next_window == conf->start_next_window, it means
there is no transition between NormIO2 and NormIO3.
If r1bio->start_next_window != conf->start_next_window, it mean
there was a transition between NormIO2 and NormIO3. There can only
have been one transition. So it only means the bio is old NormIO2.
For one bio, there may be many r1bio's. So we make sure
all the r1bio->start_next_window are the same value.
If we met blocked_dev in make_request(), it must call allow_barrier
and wait_barrier. So the former and the later value of
conf->start_next_window will be change.
If there are many r1bio's with differnet start_next_window,
for the relevant bio, it depend on the last value of r1bio.
It will cause error. To avoid this, we must wait for previous r1bios
to complete.
Signed-off-by: Jianpeng Ma <majianpeng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Because the following patch will rewrite the content between normal IO
and resync IO. So we used a parameter to indicate whether raid is in freeze
array.
Signed-off-by: Jianpeng Ma <majianpeng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
For SSD, if request size exceeds specific value (optimal io size), request size
isn't important for bandwidth. In such condition, if making request size bigger
will cause some disks idle, the total throughput will actually drop. A good
example is doing a readahead in a two-disk raid1 setup.
So when should we split big requests? We absolutly don't want to split big
request to very small requests. Even in SSD, big request transfer is more
efficient. This patch only considers request with size above optimal io size.
If all disks are busy, is it worth doing a split? Say optimal io size is 16k,
two requests 32k and two disks. We can let each disk run one 32k request, or
split the requests to 4 16k requests and each disk runs two. It's hard to say
which case is better, depending on hardware.
So only consider case where there are idle disks. For readahead, split is
always better in this case. And in my test, below patch can improve > 30%
thoughput. Hmm, not 100%, because disk isn't 100% busy.
Such case can happen not just in readahead, for example, in directio. But I
suppose directio usually will have bigger IO depth and make all disks busy, so
I ignored it.
Note: if the raid uses any hard disk, we don't prevent merging. That will make
performace worse.
Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shli@fusionio.com>
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Currently the sequential read detection is global wide. It's natural to make it
per disk based, which can improve the detection for concurrent multiple
sequential reads. And next patch will make SSD read balance not use distance
based algorithm, where this change help detect truly sequential read for SSD.
Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shli@fusionio.com>
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
MD RAID1/RAID10: Move some macros from .h file to .c file
There are three macros (IO_BLOCKED,IO_MADE_GOOD,BIO_SPECIAL) which are defined
in both raid1.h and raid10.h. They are only used in there respective .c files.
However, if we wish to make RAID10 accessible to the device-mapper RAID
target (dm-raid.c), then we need to move these macros into the .c files where
they are used so that they do not conflict with each other.
The macros from the two files are identical and could be moved into md.h, but
I chose to leave the duplication and have them remain in the personality
files.
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Brassow <jbrassow@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
MD RAID1: Rename the structure 'mirror_info' to 'raid1_info'
The same structure name ('mirror_info') is used by raid10. Each of these
structures are defined in there respective header files. If dm-raid is
to support both RAID1 and RAID10, the header files will be included and
the structure names must not collide. While only one of these structure
names needs to change, this patch adds consistency to the naming of the
structure.
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Brassow <jbrassow@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
In RAID1, a replacement is much like a normal device, so we just
double the size of the relevant arrays and look at all possible
devices for reads and writes.
This means that the array looks like it is now double the size in some
way - we need to be careful about that.
In particular, we checking if the array is still degraded while
creating a recovery request we need to only consider the first 'half'
- i.e. the real (non-replacement) devices.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
RAID1 and RAID10 handle write requests by queuing them for handling by
a separate thread. This is because when a write-intent-bitmap is
active we might need to update the bitmap first, so it is good to
queue a lot of writes, then do one big bitmap update for them all.
However writeback request devices to appear to be congested after a
while so it can make some guesstimate of throughput. The infinite
queue defeats that (note that RAID5 has already has a finite queue so
it doesn't suffer from this problem).
So impose a limit on the number of pending write requests. By default
it is 1024 which seems to be generally suitable. Make it configurable
via module option just in case someone finds a regression.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
The typedefs are just annoying. 'mdk' probably refers to 'md_k.h'
which used to be an include file that defined this thing.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
There wasn't much and it is inconsistent.
Also rearrange fields to keep related fields together.
Reported-by: Aapo Laine <aapo.laine@shiftmail.org>
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
When we get a write error (in the data area, not in metadata),
update the badblock log rather than failing the whole device.
As the write may well be many blocks, we trying writing each
block individually and only log the ones which fail.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
When performing write-behind we allocate pages to store the data
during write.
Previously we just keep a list of pages. Now we keep a list of
bi_vec which includes offset and size.
This means that the r1bio has complete information to create a new
bio which will be needed for retrying after write errors.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
If we succeed in writing to a block that was recorded as
being bad, we clear the bad-block record.
This requires some delayed handling as the bad-block-list update has
to happen in process-context.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Now that we have a bad block list, we should not read from those
blocks.
There are several main parts to this:
1/ read_balance needs to check for bad blocks, and return not only
the chosen device, but also how many good blocks are available
there.
2/ fix_read_error needs to avoid trying to read from bad blocks.
3/ read submission must be ready to issue multiple reads to
different devices as different bad blocks on different devices
could mean that a single large read cannot be served by any one
device, but can still be served by the array.
This requires keeping count of the number of outstanding requests
per bio. This count is stored in 'bi_phys_segments'
4/ retrying a read needs to also be ready to submit a smaller read
and queue another request for the rest.
This does not yet handle bad blocks when reading to perform resync,
recovery, or check.
'md_trim_bio' will also be used for RAID10, so put it in md.c and
export it.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
If we hit a read error while recovering a mirror, we want to abort the
recovery without necessarily failing the disk - as having a disk this
a read error is better than not having an array at all.
Currently this is managed with a per-array flag "recovery_disabled"
and is only implemented for RAID1. For RAID10 we will need finer
grained control as we might want to disable recovery for individual
devices separately.
So push more of the decision making into the personality.
'recovery_disabled' is now a 'cookie' which is copied when the
personality want to disable recovery and is changed when a device is
added to the array as this is used as a trigger to 'try recovery
again'.
This will allow RAID10 to get the control that it needs.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
MD RAID1: Changes to allow RAID1 to be used by device-mapper (dm-raid.c)
Added the necessary congestion function and conditionalize calls requiring an
array 'queue' or 'gendisk'.
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Brassow <jbrassow@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
The current handling and freeing of these pages is a bit fragile.
We only keep the list of allocated pages in each bio, so we need to
still have a valid bio when freeing the pages, which is a bit clumsy.
So simply store the allocated page list in the r1_bio so it can easily
be found and freed when we are finished with the r1_bio.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
This patch converts md to support REQ_FLUSH/FUA instead of now
deprecated REQ_HARDBARRIER. In the core part (md.c), the following
changes are notable.
* Unlike REQ_HARDBARRIER, REQ_FLUSH/FUA don't interfere with
processing of other requests and thus there is no reason to mark the
queue congested while FLUSH/FUA is in progress.
* REQ_FLUSH/FUA failures are final and its users don't need retry
logic. Retry logic is removed.
* Preflush needs to be issued to all member devices but FUA writes can
be handled the same way as other writes - their processing can be
deferred to request_queue of member devices. md_barrier_request()
is renamed to md_flush_request() and simplified accordingly.
For linear, raid0 and multipath, the core changes are enough. raid1,
5 and 10 need the following conversions.
* raid1: Handling of FLUSH/FUA bio's can simply be deferred to
request_queues of member devices. Barrier related logic removed.
* raid5: Queue draining logic dropped. FUA bit is propagated through
biodrain and stripe resconstruction such that all the updated parts
of the stripe are written out with FUA writes if any of the dirtying
writes was FUA. preread_active_stripes handling in make_request()
is updated as suggested by Neil Brown.
* raid10: FUA bit needs to be propagated to write clones.
linear, raid0, 1, 5 and 10 tested.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
Having a macro just to cast a void* isn't really helpful.
I would must rather see that we are simply de-referencing ->private,
than have to know what the macro does.
So open code the macro everywhere and remove the pointless cast.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
This makes the includes more explicit, and is preparation for moving
md_k.h to drivers/md/md.h
Remove include/raid/md.h as its only remaining use was to #include
other files.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Move the headers with the local structures for the disciplines and
bitmap.h into drivers/md/ so that they are more easily grepable for
hacking and not far away. md.h is left where it is for now as there
are some uses from the outside.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
NeilBrown
NeilBrown
majianpeng
Shaohua Li
Jonathan Brassow
Tejun Heo
Christoph Hellwig