Acquiring the write_wait queue spin lock now accounts for the largest
slice of cpu time on the tty write path. Two factors contribute to
this situation; a overly-pessimistic line discipline write loop which
_always_ sets up a wait loop even if i/o will immediately succeed, and
on ptys, a wakeup storm from reads and writes.
Writer wakeup does not need to be performed by the pty driver.
Firstly, since the actual i/o is performed within the write, the
line discipline write loop will continue while space remains in
the flip buffers. Secondly, when space becomes avail in the
line discipline receive buffer (and thus also in the flip buffers),
the pty unthrottle re-wakes the writer (non-flow-controlled line
disciplines unconditionally unthrottle the driver when data is
received). Thus, existing in-kernel i/o is guaranteed to advance.
Finally, writer wakeup occurs at the conclusion of the line discipline
write (in tty_write_unlock()). This guarantees that any user-space write
waiters are woken to continue additional i/o.
Signed-off-by: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Lockless flip buffers require atomically updating the bytes-in-use
watermark.
The pty driver also peeks at the watermark value to limit
memory consumption to a much lower value than the default; query
the watermark with new fn, tty_buffer_space_avail().
Signed-off-by: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Commit 699390354d
('pty: Ignore slave pty close() if never successfully opened')
introduced a bug with ptys whereby a write() in parallel with an
open() on an existing pty could mistakenly indicate an I/O error.
Only indicate an I/O error if the condition on open() actually exists.
Reported-by: Markus Trippelsdorf <markus@trippelsdorf.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Tested-by: Mikael Pettersson <mikpe@it.uu.se>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 3.9
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
We first tried to avoid updating atime/mtime entirely (commit
b0de59b5733d: "TTY: do not update atime/mtime on read/write"), and then
limited it to only update it occasionally (commit 37b7f3c76595: "TTY:
fix atime/mtime regression"), but it turns out that this was both
insufficient and overkill.
It was insufficient because we let people attach to the shared ptmx node
to see activity without even reading atime/mtime, and it was overkill
because the "only once a minute" means that you can't really tell an
idle person from an active one with 'w'.
So this tries to fix the problem properly. It marks the shared ptmx
node as un-notifiable, and it lowers the "only once a minute" to a few
seconds instead - still long enough that you can't time individual
keystrokes, but short enough that you can tell whether somebody is
active or not.
Reported-by: Simon Kirby <sim@hostway.ca>
Acked-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When CONFIG_UNIX98_PTYS is unset, we see this warning in pty:
drivers/tty/pty.c:409:13: warning: ‘pty_unix98_shutdown’ defined but not used
Fix that by moving the function to a section which depends on that
config.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Reported-by: Toralf Foerster <toralf.foerster@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
port->itty has already been reset by release_tty() before
pty_cleanup() is called.
Call stack:
release_tty()
tty_kref_put()
queue_release_one_tty()
release_one_tty() : workqueue
tty->ops->cleanup()
pty_cleanup()
Signed-off-by: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Multiple slave pty opens may be performed in parallel with the
master open. Of course, all the slave opens will fail because the
master pty is still locked but during this time the slave pty
count will be artificially greater than 1. This is should not
cause the master pty open to fail.
Signed-off-by: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
If the master and slave ptys are opened in parallel, the slave open
fails because the pty is still locked. This is as designed.
However, pty_close() is still called for the slave pty which sets
TTY_OTHER_CLOSED in the master pty. This can cause the master open
to fail as well.
Use a common pattern in other tty drivers by setting TTY_IO_ERROR
until the open is successful and only closing the pty if not set.
Note: the master pty always closes regardless of whether the open
was successful, so that proper cleanup can occur.
Signed-off-by: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Commit bbb63c514a (drivers:tty:fix up
ENOIOCTLCMD error handling) changed the default return value from tty
ioctl to be ENOTTY and not EINVAL. This is appropriate.
But in case of TIOCGPTN for the old BSD ptys glibc started failing
because it expects EINVAL to be returned. Only then it continues to
obtain the pts name the other way around.
So fix this case by explicit return of EINVAL in this case.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Reported-by: Florian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
Cc: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 3.7+
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Now that login from util-linux is forced to drop all references to a
TTY which it wants to hangup (to reach reference count 1) we are
seeing issues with telnet. When login closes its last reference to the
slave PTY, it also resets packet mode on the *master* side. And we
have a race here.
What telnet does is fork+exec of `login'. Then there are two
scenarios:
* `login' closes the slave TTY and resets thus master's packet mode,
but even now telnet properly sets the mode, or
* `telnetd' sets packet mode on the master, `login' closes the slave
TTY and resets master's packet mode.
The former case is OK. However the latter happens in much more cases,
by the order of magnitude to be precise. So when one tries to login to
such a messed telnet setup, they see the following:
inux login:
ogin incorrect
Note the missing first letters -- telnet thinks it is still in the
packet mode, so when it receives "linux login" from `login', it
considers "l" as the type of the packet and strips it.
SuS does not mention how the implementation should behave. Both BSDs I
checked (Free and Net) do not reset the flag upon the last close.
By this I am resurrecting an old bug, see References. We are hitting
it regularly now, i.e. with updated util-linux, ergo login.
Here, I am changing a behavior introduced back in 2.1 times. It would
better have a long time testing before goes upstream.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Cc: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
Cc: Bryan Mason <bmason@redhat.com>
References: https://lkml.org/lkml/2009/11/11/223
References: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=504703
References: https://bugzilla.novell.com/show_bug.cgi?id=797042
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
spaces are used for indent in 3 places of tty/pty.c, we change it to tab.
Signed-off-by: Cong Ding <dinggnu@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
the "\n" in panic message is excess, so we remove it in tty/pty.c as what it
is used in other places.
Signed-off-by: Cong Ding <dinggnu@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Now, we start converting tty buffer functions to actually use
tty_port. This will allow us to get rid of the need of tty in many
call sites. Only tty_port will needed and hence no more
tty_port_tty_get in those paths.
Now, the one where most of tty_port_tty_get gets removed:
tty_flip_buffer_push.
IOW we also closed all the races in drivers not using tty_port_tty_get
at all yet.
Also we move tty_flip_buffer_push declaration from include/linux/tty.h
to include/linux/tty_flip.h to all others while we are changing it
anyway.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Now, we start converting tty buffer functions to actually use
tty_port. This will allow us to get rid of the need of tty in many
call sites. Only tty_port will needed and hence no more
tty_port_tty_get in those paths.
tty_insert_flip_string this time.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
After commit "TTY: move tty buffers to tty_port", the tty buffers are
not freed in some drivers. This is because tty_port_destructor is not
called whenever a tty_port is freed. This was an assumption I counted
with but was unfortunately untrue. So fix the drivers to fulfil this
assumption.
PTY is one of those, here we just need to use tty_port_put instead of
kfree. (Assuming tty_port_destructor does not need port->ops to be set
which we change here too.)
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
For checkpoint/restore we need to know if tty has
exclusive or packet mode set, as well as if pty
is currently locked. Just to be able to restore
this characteristics.
For this sake the following ioctl codes are introduced
- TIOCGPKT to get packet mode state
- TIOCGPTLCK to get Pty locked state
- TIOCGEXCL to get Exclusive mode state
Note this ioctls are a bit unsafe in terms of data
obtained consistency. The tty characteristics might
be changed right after ioctl complete. Keep it in
mind and use this ioctl carefully.
v2:
- Use TIOC prefix for ioctl codes (by jslaby@)
Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
CC: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
CC: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
CC: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
CC: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Since this ioctl is for pty devices only move it to pty.c.
v2:
- drop PTY_TYPE_MASTER test since it's master peer
ioctl anyway (by jslaby@)
Suggested-by: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
CC: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
CC: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
CC: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
So this is it. The big step why we did all the work over the past
kernel releases. Now everything is prepared, so nothing protects us
from doing that big step.
| | \ \ nnnn/^l | |
| | \ / / | |
| '-,.__ => \/ ,-` => | '-,.__
| O __.´´) ( .` | O __.´´)
~~~ ~~ `` ~~~ ~~
The buffers are now in the tty_port structure and we can start
teaching the buffer helpers (insert char/string, flip etc.) to use
tty_port instead of tty_struct all around.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
For that purpose we have to temporarily introduce a second tty back
pointer into tty_port. It is because serial layer, and maybe others,
still do not use tty_port_tty_set/get. So that we cannot set the
tty_port->tty to NULL at will now.
Yes, the fix would be to convert whole serial layer and all its users
to tty_port_tty_set/get. However we are in the process of removing the
need of tty in most of the call sites, so this would lead to a
duplicated work.
Instead we have now tty_port->itty (internal tty) which will be used
only in flush_to_ldisc. For that one it is ensured that itty is valid
wherever the work is run. IOW, the work is synchronously cancelled
before we set itty to NULL and also before hangup is processed.
After we need only tty_port and not tty_struct in most code, this
shall be changed to tty_port_tty_set/get and itty removed completely.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Now that we have control over tty->driver_data in pty, we can just
kill the /dev/pts/ in pty code too. Namely, in ->shutdown hook of
tty. For pty, this is called only once, for whichever end is closed
last. But we don't care, both driver_data are the inode as it used to
be till now.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The goal is to stop setting and using tty->driver_data in devpts code.
It should be used solely by the driver's code, pty in this case.
Now driver_data are managed only in the pty driver. devpts_pty_new is
switched to accept what we used to dig out of tty_struct, i.e. device
node number and index.
This also removes a note about driver_data being set outside of the
driver.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The goal is to stop setting and using tty->driver_data in devpts code.
It should be used solely by the driver's code, pty in this case.
For the cleanup of layering, we will need the inode created in
devpts_pty_new to be stored into slave's driver_data. So we convert
devpts_pty_new to return the inode or an ERR_PTR-encoded error in case
of failure.
The move of 'inode = new_inode(sb);' from declarators to the code is
only cosmetical, but it makes the code easier to read.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The goal is to stop setting and using tty->driver_data in devpts code.
It should be used solely by the driver's code, pty in this case.
First, here we remove TTY from devpts_get_tty and rename it to
devpts_get_priv. Note we do not remove type safety, we just shift the
[implicit] (void *) cast one layer up.
index was unused in devpts_get_tty, so remove that from the prototype
too.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
We end up dropping the mutex twice on some errors. We don't want to do
that.
Reported-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
We changed these from alloc_tty_driver() to tty_alloc_driver() so the
error handling needs to modified to check for IS_ERR() instead of NULL.
Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Switch to the new driver allocation interface, as this is one of the
special call-sites. Here, we need TTY_DRIVER_DYNAMIC_ALLOC to not
allocate tty_driver->ports, cdevs and potentially other structures
because we reserve too many lines in pty. Instead, it provides the
tty_port<->tty_struct link in tty->ops->install already.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
In case alloc_tty_struct fails in pty_common_install, we pass NULL to
free_tty_struct. This is invalid as the function is not ready to cope
with that. And even if it was, it is not nice to do that anyway.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Reported-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The termios and other changes mean the other protections needed on the driver
tty arrays should be adequate. Turn it all back on.
This contains pieces folded in from the fixes made to the original patches
| From: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> (fix m68k)
| From: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com> (fix cris)
| From: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suze.cz> (lockdep)
| From: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com> (lockdep)
Signed-off-by: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Ian Abbott found that the tty layer would explode with the right set of
parallel open and close operations. This is because we race in the
handling of tty->drivers->termios[].
Correct this by
Making tty_ldisc_release behave like nromal code (takes the lock,
does stuff, drops the lock)
Drop the tty lock earlier in tty_ldisc_release
Taking the tty mutex around the driver->termios update in all cases
Adding a WARN_ON to catch future screwups.
I also forgot to clean up the pty resources properly. With a pty pair we
need to pull both halves out of the tables.
Signed-off-by: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
Tested-by: Ian Abbott <abbotti@mev.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Now that we don't have tty->termios tied to drivers->tty we can untangle
the logic here. In addition we can push the removal logic out of the
destructor path.
At that point we can think about sorting out tty_port and console and all
the other ugly hangovers.
Signed-off-by: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This will let us sort out a whole pile of tty related races. The
alternative would be to keep points and refcount the termios objects.
However
1. They are tiny anyway
2. Many devices don't use the stored copies
3. We can remove a pty special case
Signed-off-by: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
I sent GregKH this after the pre-requisites. He dropped the pre-requesites
for good reason and unfortunately then applied this patch. Without this
reverted you get random kernel memory corruption which will make bisecting
anything between it and the properly applied patches a complete sod.
Signed-off-by: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The problem here is that we called mutex_unlock(&devpts_mutex) on the
error path when we weren't holding the lock.
Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The termios and other changes mean the other protections needed on the driver
tty arrays should be adequate. Turn it all back on.
This contains pieces folded in from the fixes made to the original patches
| From: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> (fix m68k)
| From: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com> (fix cris)
| From: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suze.cz> (lockdep)
| From: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com> (lockdep)
Signed-off-by: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This has *no* function in the PTY driver yet. However as the tty
buffers will move to the tty_port structure, we will need tty_port for
all TTYs in the system, PTY inclusive.
For PTYs this is ensured by allocating 2 tty_port's in pty_install,
i.e. where the tty->link is allocated. Both tty_port's are properly
assigned to each end of the tty.
Freeing is done at the same place where tty is freed, i.e. in
tty->ops->cleanup.
This means BTW that tty_port does not outlive TTY in PTY. This might
be a subject to change in the future if we see some problems.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
There are currently two instances of code which handles PTY install.
One for the legacy BSD PTY's, one for unix98's PTY's. Both of them are
very similar and differ only in termios allocation and handling.
Since we will need to allocate a tty_port at that place, this would
require editing two places with the same pattern. Instead, let us move
the implementation to one common place and call it from both places.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Currently, there are two as a left-over from previous patches.
Although we really need to provide an empty handler, we do not need
two. So remove one of them.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This reverts the tty layer change to use per-tty locking, because it's
not correct yet, and fixing it will require some more deep surgery.
The main revert is d29f3ef39b ("tty_lock: Localise the lock"), but
there are several smaller commits that built upon it, they also get
reverted here. The list of reverted commits is:
fde86d3108 - tty: add lockdep annotations
8f6576ad47 - tty: fix ldisc lock inversion trace
d3ca8b64b9 - pty: Fix lock inversion
b1d679afd7 - tty: drop the pty lock during hangup
abcefe5fc3 - tty/amiserial: Add missing argument for tty_unlock()
fd11b42e35 - cris: fix missing tty arg in wait_event_interruptible_tty call
d29f3ef39b - tty_lock: Localise the lock
The revert had a trivial conflict in the 68360serial.c staging driver
that got removed in the meantime.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The ptmx_open path takes the tty and devpts locks in the wrong order
because tty_init_dev locks and returns a locked tty. As far as I can
tell this is actually safe anyway because the tty being returned is new
so nobody can get a reference to lock it at this point.
However we don't even need the devpts lock at this point, it's only held
as a byproduct of the way the locks were pushe down.
Signed-off-by: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In theory we don't need it, in practice we are hitting some ill understood
deadlock when we don't drop it. The old code dropped it here so we are not
undoing anything problematic for pty. If pty could be unloaded it would be
a problem but it can't.
Signed-off-by: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
In each remaining case the tty_lock is associated with a specific tty. This
means we can now lock on a per tty basis. We do need tty_lock_pair() for
the pty case. Uglier but still a step in the right direction.
[fixed up calls in 3 missing drivers - gregkh]
Signed-off-by: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This is a private pty affair, we don't want to tangle it with the tty_lock
any more as we know all the other non tty locking is now handled by the vfs
so we too can move.
Signed-off-by: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Remove all #inclusions of asm/system.h preparatory to splitting and killing
it. Performed with the following command:
perl -p -i -e 's!^#\s*include\s*<asm/system[.]h>.*\n!!' `grep -Irl '^#\s*include\s*<asm/system[.]h>' *`
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
All num, magic and owner are set by alloc_tty_driver. No need to
re-set them on each allocation site.
pti driver sets something different to what it passes to
alloc_tty_driver. It is not a bug, since we don't use the lines
parameter in any way. Anyway this is fixed, and now we do the right
thing.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Tilman Schmidt <tilman@imap.cc>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This reverts commit a50f724a43.
Sasha reported that this causes problems, so revert it.
Cc: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Cc: Sasha Levin <levinsasha928@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Peter Hurley
Linus Torvalds
Jiri Slaby
Greg Kroah-Hartman
Cong Ding
Josh Triplett
Cyrill Gorcunov
Alan Cox
Dan Carpenter
David Howells