Percpu memory is becoming more and more widely used by various subsystems,
and the total amount of memory controlled by the percpu allocator can make
a good part of the total memory.
As an example, bpf maps can consume a lot of percpu memory, and they are
created by a user. Also, some cgroup internals (e.g. memory controller
statistics) can be quite large. On a machine with many CPUs and big
number of cgroups they can consume hundreds of megabytes.
So the lack of memcg accounting is creating a breach in the memory
isolation. Similar to the slab memory, percpu memory should be accounted
by default.
To implement the perpcu accounting it's possible to take the slab memory
accounting as a model to follow. Let's introduce two types of percpu
chunks: root and memcg. What makes memcg chunks different is an
additional space allocated to store memcg membership information. If
__GFP_ACCOUNT is passed on allocation, a memcg chunk should be be used.
If it's possible to charge the corresponding size to the target memory
cgroup, allocation is performed, and the memcg ownership data is recorded.
System-wide allocations are performed using root chunks, so there is no
additional memory overhead.
To implement a fast reparenting of percpu memory on memcg removal, we
don't store mem_cgroup pointers directly: instead we use obj_cgroup API,
introduced for slab accounting.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix CONFIG_MEMCG_KMEM=n build errors and warning]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: move unreachable code, per Roman]
[cuibixuan@huawei.com: mm/percpu: fix 'defined but not used' warning]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/6d41b939-a741-b521-a7a2-e7296ec16219@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Bixuan Cui <cuibixuan@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: Dennis Zhou <dennis@kernel.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Tobin C. Harding <tobin@kernel.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Cc: Bixuan Cui <cuibixuan@huawei.com>
Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200623184515.4132564-3-guro@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Based on 1 normalized pattern(s):
this file is released under the gplv2
extracted by the scancode license scanner the SPDX license identifier
GPL-2.0-only
has been chosen to replace the boilerplate/reference in 68 file(s).
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Armijn Hemel <armijn@tjaldur.nl>
Reviewed-by: Allison Randal <allison@lohutok.net>
Cc: linux-spdx@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190531190114.292346262@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The prior patch added support for passing gfp flags through to the
underlying allocators. This patch allows users to pass along gfp flags
(currently only __GFP_NORETRY and __GFP_NOWARN) to the underlying
allocators. This should allow users to decide if they are ok with
failing allocations recovering in a more graceful way.
Additionally, gfp passing was done as additional flags in the previous
patch. Instead, change this to caller passed semantics. GFP_KERNEL is
also removed as the default flag. It continues to be used for internally
caused underlying percpu allocations.
V2:
Removed gfp_percpu_mask in favor of doing it inline.
Removed GFP_KERNEL as a default flag for __alloc_percpu_gfp.
Signed-off-by: Dennis Zhou <dennisszhou@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Percpu memory using the vmalloc area based chunk allocator lazily
populates chunks by first requesting the full virtual address space
required for the chunk and subsequently adding pages as allocations come
through. To ensure atomic allocations can succeed, a workqueue item is
used to maintain a minimum number of empty pages. In certain scenarios,
such as reported in [1], it is possible that physical memory becomes
quite scarce which can result in either a rather long time spent trying
to find free pages or worse, a kernel panic.
This patch adds support for __GFP_NORETRY and __GFP_NOWARN passing them
through to the underlying allocators. This should prevent any
unnecessary panics potentially caused by the workqueue item. The passing
of gfp around is as additional flags rather than a full set of flags.
The next patch will change these to caller passed semantics.
V2:
Added const modifier to gfp flags in the balance path.
Removed an extra whitespace.
[1] https://lkml.org/lkml/2018/2/12/551
Signed-off-by: Dennis Zhou <dennisszhou@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Reported-by: syzbot+adb03f3f0bb57ce3acda@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
As the page free path makes no distinction between cache hot and cold
pages, there is no real useful ordering of pages in the free list that
allocation requests can take advantage of. Juding from the users of
__GFP_COLD, it is likely that a number of them are the result of copying
other sites instead of actually measuring the impact. Remove the
__GFP_COLD parameter which simplifies a number of paths in the page
allocator.
This is potentially controversial but bear in mind that the size of the
per-cpu pagelists versus modern cache sizes means that the whole per-cpu
list can often fit in the L3 cache. Hence, there is only a potential
benefit for microbenchmarks that alloc/free pages in a tight loop. It's
even worse when THP is taken into account which has little or no chance
of getting a cache-hot page as the per-cpu list is bypassed and the
zeroing of multiple pages will thrash the cache anyway.
The truncate microbenchmarks are not shown as this patch affects the
allocation path and not the free path. A page fault microbenchmark was
tested but it showed no sigificant difference which is not surprising
given that the __GFP_COLD branches are a miniscule percentage of the
fault path.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171018075952.10627-9-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add support for tracepoints to the following events: chunk allocation,
chunk free, area allocation, area free, and area allocation failure.
This should let us replay percpu memory requests and evaluate
corresponding decisions.
Signed-off-by: Dennis Zhou <dennisz@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
There is limited visibility into the use of percpu memory leaving us
unable to reason about correctness of parameters and overall use of
percpu memory. These counters and statistics aim to help understand
basic statistics about percpu memory such as number of allocations over
the lifetime, allocation sizes, and fragmentation.
New Config: PERCPU_STATS
Signed-off-by: Dennis Zhou <dennisz@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
pcpu_get_pages() doesn't use chunk_alloc parameter, remove it.
Fixes: fbbb7f4e14 ("percpu: remove the usage of separate populated bitmap in percpu-vm")
Signed-off-by: Tahsin Erdogan <tahsin@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Previously, pcpu_[de]populate_chunk() were called with the range which
may contain multiple target regions in it and
pcpu_[de]populate_chunk() iterated over the regions. This has the
benefit of batching up cache flushes for all the regions; however,
we're planning to add more bookkeeping logic around [de]population to
support atomic allocations and this delegation of iterations gets in
the way.
This patch moves the region iterations out of
pcpu_[de]populate_chunk() into its callers - pcpu_alloc() and
pcpu_reclaim() - so that we can later add logic to track more states
around them. This change may make cache and tlb flushes more frequent
but multi-region [de]populations are rare anyway and if this actually
becomes a problem, it's not difficult to factor out cache flushes as
separate callbacks which are directly invoked from percpu.c.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
percpu-vm and percpu-km implement separate versions of
pcpu_[de]populate_chunk() and some part which is or should be common
are currently in the specific implementations. Make the following
changes.
* Allocate area clearing is moved from the pcpu_populate_chunk()
implementations to pcpu_alloc(). This makes percpu-km's version
noop.
* Quick exit tests in pcpu_[de]populate_chunk() of percpu-vm are moved
to their respective callers so that they are applied to percpu-km
too. This doesn't make any meaningful difference as both functions
are noop for percpu-km; however, this is more consistent and will
help implementing atomic allocation support.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
pcpu_get_pages() creates the temp pages array if not already allocated
and returns the pointer to it. As the function is called from both
[de]population paths and depopulation can only happen after at least
one successful population, the param doesn't make any difference - the
allocation will always happen on the population path anyway.
Remove @may_alloc from pcpu_get_pages(). Also, add an lockdep
assertion pcpu_alloc_mutex instead of vaguely stating that the
exclusion is the caller's responsibility.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
percpu-vm uses pcpu_get_pages_and_bitmap() to acquire temp pages array
and populated bitmap and uses the two during [de]population. The temp
bitmap is used only to build the new bitmap that is copied to
chunk->populated after the operation succeeds; however, the new bitmap
can be trivially set after success without using the temp bitmap.
This patch removes the temp populated bitmap usage from percpu-vm.c.
* pcpu_get_pages_and_bitmap() is renamed to pcpu_get_pages() and no
longer hands out the temp bitmap.
* @populated arugment is dropped from all the related functions.
@populated updates in pcpu_[un]map_pages() are dropped.
* Two loops in pcpu_map_pages() are merged.
* pcpu_[de]populated_chunk() modify chunk->populated bitmap directly
from @page_start and @page_end after success.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
If pcpu_map_pages() fails midway, it unmaps the already mapped pages.
Currently, it doesn't flush tlb after the partial unmapping. This may
be okay in most cases as the established mapping hasn't been used at
that point but it can go wrong and when it goes wrong it'd be
extremely difficult to track down.
Flush tlb after the partial unmapping.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
When pcpu_alloc_pages() fails midway, pcpu_free_pages() is invoked to
free what has already been allocated. The invocation is across the
whole requested range and pcpu_free_pages() will try to free all
non-NULL pages; unfortunately, this is incorrect as
pcpu_get_pages_and_bitmap(), unlike what its comment suggests, doesn't
clear the pages array and thus the array may have entries from the
previous invocations making the partial failure path free incorrect
pages.
Fix it by open-coding the partial freeing of the already allocated
pages.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fix kernel-doc warnings such as
Warning(../mm/page_cgroup.c:432): No description found for parameter 'id'
Warning(../mm/page_cgroup.c:432): Excess function parameter 'mem' description in 'swap_cgroup_record'
Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <liwp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Use bitmap_clear rather than clearing individual bits in a memory region.
Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Percpu allocator recorded the cpus which map to the first and last
units in pcpu_first/last_unit_cpu respectively and used them to
determine the address range of a chunk - e.g. it assumed that the
first unit has the lowest address in a chunk while the last unit has
the highest address.
This simply isn't true. Groups in a chunk can have arbitrary positive
or negative offsets from the previous one and there is no guarantee
that the first unit occupies the lowest offset while the last one the
highest.
Fix it by actually comparing unit offsets to determine cpus occupying
the lowest and highest offsets. Also, rename pcu_first/last_unit_cpu
to pcpu_low/high_unit_cpu to avoid confusion.
The chunk address range is used to flush cache on vmalloc area
map/unmap and decide whether a given address is in the first chunk by
per_cpu_ptr_to_phys() and the bug was discovered by invalid
per_cpu_ptr_to_phys() translation for crash_note.
Kudos to Dave Young for tracking down the problem.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
LKML-Reference: <4EC21F67.10905@redhat.com>
Cc: stable @kernel.org
Currently pcpu_mem_alloc() is implemented always return zeroed memory.
So rename it to make user like pcpu_get_pages_and_bitmap() know don't
reinit it.
Signed-off-by: Bob Liu <lliubbo@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
pcpu_get_vm_areas() only uses GFP_KERNEL allocations, so remove the gfp_t
formal and use the mask internally.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Separate out and move chunk management (creation/desctruction and
[de]population) code into percpu-vm.c which is included by percpu.c
and compiled together. The interface for chunk management is defined
as follows.
* pcpu_populate_chunk - populate the specified range of a chunk
* pcpu_depopulate_chunk - depopulate the specified range of a chunk
* pcpu_create_chunk - create a new chunk
* pcpu_destroy_chunk - destroy a chunk, always preceded by full depop
* pcpu_addr_to_page - translate address to physical address
* pcpu_verify_alloc_info - check alloc_info is acceptable during init
Other than wrapping vmalloc_to_page() inside pcpu_addr_to_page() and
dummy pcpu_verify_alloc_info() implementation, this patch only moves
code around. This separation is to allow alternate chunk management
implementation.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Graff Yang <graff.yang@gmail.com>
Cc: Sonic Zhang <sonic.adi@gmail.com>
Roman Gushchin
Thomas Gleixner
Dennis Zhou
Mel Gorman
Dennis Zhou
Tahsin Erdogan
Tejun Heo
Wanpeng Li
Akinobu Mita
Bob Liu
David Rientjes