This is another step how to help maintaining more livepatches.
One big help was the atomic replace and cumulative livepatches. These
livepatches replace the already installed ones. Therefore it should
be enough when each cumulative livepatch is consistent.
The problems might come with shadow variables and callbacks. They might
change the system behavior or state so that it is no longer safe to
go back and use an older livepatch or the original kernel code. Also,
a new livepatch must be able to detect changes which were made by
the already installed livepatches.
This is where the livepatch system state tracking gets useful. It
allows to:
- find whether a system state has already been modified by
previous livepatches
- store data needed to manipulate and restore the system state
The information about the manipulated system states is stored in an
array of struct klp_state. It can be searched by two new functions
klp_get_state() and klp_get_prev_state().
The dependencies are going to be solved by a version field added later.
The only important information is that it will be allowed to modify
the same state by more non-cumulative livepatches. It is similar
to allowing to modify the same function several times. The livepatch
author is responsible for preventing incompatible changes.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191030154313.13263-3-pmladek@suse.com
To: Jiri Kosina <jikos@kernel.org>
Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Nicolai Stange <nstange@suse.de>
Cc: live-patching@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Add SPDX license identifiers to all Make/Kconfig files which:
- Have no license information of any form
These files fall under the project license, GPL v2 only. The resulting SPDX
license identifier is:
GPL-2.0-only
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Add exported API for livepatch modules:
klp_shadow_get()
klp_shadow_alloc()
klp_shadow_get_or_alloc()
klp_shadow_free()
klp_shadow_free_all()
that implement "shadow" variables, which allow callers to associate new
shadow fields to existing data structures. This is intended to be used
by livepatch modules seeking to emulate additions to data structure
definitions.
See Documentation/livepatch/shadow-vars.txt for a summary of the new
shadow variable API, including a few common use cases.
See samples/livepatch/livepatch-shadow-* for example modules that
demonstrate shadow variables.
[jkosina@suse.cz: fix __klp_shadow_get_or_alloc() comment as spotted by
Josh]
Signed-off-by: Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Change livepatch to use a basic per-task consistency model. This is the
foundation which will eventually enable us to patch those ~10% of
security patches which change function or data semantics. This is the
biggest remaining piece needed to make livepatch more generally useful.
This code stems from the design proposal made by Vojtech [1] in November
2014. It's a hybrid of kGraft and kpatch: it uses kGraft's per-task
consistency and syscall barrier switching combined with kpatch's stack
trace switching. There are also a number of fallback options which make
it quite flexible.
Patches are applied on a per-task basis, when the task is deemed safe to
switch over. When a patch is enabled, livepatch enters into a
transition state where tasks are converging to the patched state.
Usually this transition state can complete in a few seconds. The same
sequence occurs when a patch is disabled, except the tasks converge from
the patched state to the unpatched state.
An interrupt handler inherits the patched state of the task it
interrupts. The same is true for forked tasks: the child inherits the
patched state of the parent.
Livepatch uses several complementary approaches to determine when it's
safe to patch tasks:
1. The first and most effective approach is stack checking of sleeping
tasks. If no affected functions are on the stack of a given task,
the task is patched. In most cases this will patch most or all of
the tasks on the first try. Otherwise it'll keep trying
periodically. This option is only available if the architecture has
reliable stacks (HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE).
2. The second approach, if needed, is kernel exit switching. A
task is switched when it returns to user space from a system call, a
user space IRQ, or a signal. It's useful in the following cases:
a) Patching I/O-bound user tasks which are sleeping on an affected
function. In this case you have to send SIGSTOP and SIGCONT to
force it to exit the kernel and be patched.
b) Patching CPU-bound user tasks. If the task is highly CPU-bound
then it will get patched the next time it gets interrupted by an
IRQ.
c) In the future it could be useful for applying patches for
architectures which don't yet have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE. In
this case you would have to signal most of the tasks on the
system. However this isn't supported yet because there's
currently no way to patch kthreads without
HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE.
3. For idle "swapper" tasks, since they don't ever exit the kernel, they
instead have a klp_update_patch_state() call in the idle loop which
allows them to be patched before the CPU enters the idle state.
(Note there's not yet such an approach for kthreads.)
All the above approaches may be skipped by setting the 'immediate' flag
in the 'klp_patch' struct, which will disable per-task consistency and
patch all tasks immediately. This can be useful if the patch doesn't
change any function or data semantics. Note that, even with this flag
set, it's possible that some tasks may still be running with an old
version of the function, until that function returns.
There's also an 'immediate' flag in the 'klp_func' struct which allows
you to specify that certain functions in the patch can be applied
without per-task consistency. This might be useful if you want to patch
a common function like schedule(), and the function change doesn't need
consistency but the rest of the patch does.
For architectures which don't have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE, the user
must set patch->immediate which causes all tasks to be patched
immediately. This option should be used with care, only when the patch
doesn't change any function or data semantics.
In the future, architectures which don't have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE
may be allowed to use per-task consistency if we can come up with
another way to patch kthreads.
The /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/transition file shows whether a patch
is in transition. Only a single patch (the topmost patch on the stack)
can be in transition at a given time. A patch can remain in transition
indefinitely, if any of the tasks are stuck in the initial patch state.
A transition can be reversed and effectively canceled by writing the
opposite value to the /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/enabled file while
the transition is in progress. Then all the tasks will attempt to
converge back to the original patch state.
[1] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20141107140458.GA21774@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> # for the scheduler changes
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Move functions related to the actual patching of functions and objects
into a new patch.c file.
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Rename CONFIG_LIVE_PATCHING to CONFIG_LIVEPATCH to make the naming of
the config and the code more consistent.
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jingoo Han <jg1.han@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
This commit introduces code for the live patching core. It implements
an ftrace-based mechanism and kernel interface for doing live patching
of kernel and kernel module functions.
It represents the greatest common functionality set between kpatch and
kgraft and can accept patches built using either method.
This first version does not implement any consistency mechanism that
ensures that old and new code do not run together. In practice, ~90% of
CVEs are safe to apply in this way, since they simply add a conditional
check. However, any function change that can not execute safely with
the old version of the function can _not_ be safely applied in this
version.
[ jkosina@suse.cz: due to the number of contributions that got folded into
this original patch from Seth Jennings, add SUSE's copyright as well, as
discussed via e-mail ]
Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Signed-off-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Petr Mladek
Thomas Gleixner
Joe Lawrence
Josh Poimboeuf
Seth Jennings