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Greg Kroah-Hartman b24413180f License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
Martin Liska 0538421343 gcov: support GCC 7.1
Starting from GCC 7.1, __gcov_exit is a new symbol expected to be
implemented in a profiling runtime.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
[mliska@suse.cz: v2]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/e63a3c59-0149-c97e-4084-20ca8f146b26@suse.cz
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/8c4084fa-3885-29fe-5fc4-0d4ca199c785@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Martin Liska <mliska@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-05-12 15:57:15 -07:00
Rusty Russell c65abf358f gcov: use within_module() helper.
An exact mapping would be within_module_core(), but at this stage
(MODULE_STATE_GOING) the init section is empty, and this is clearer.

Reviewed-by: Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2015-12-04 22:46:25 +01:00
Lorenzo Stoakes 3e44c471a2 gcov: add support for GCC 5.1
Fix kernel gcov support for GCC 5.1.  Similar to commit a992bf836f
("gcov: add support for GCC 4.9"), this patch takes into account the
existence of a new gcov counter (see gcc's gcc/gcov-counter.def.)

Firstly, it increments GCOV_COUNTERS (to 10), which makes the data
structure struct gcov_info compatible with GCC 5.1.

Secondly, a corresponding counter function __gcov_merge_icall_topn (Top N
value tracking for indirect calls) is included in base.c with the other
gcov counters unused for kernel profiling.

Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <a.ryabinin@samsung.com>
Cc: Yuan Pengfei <coolypf@qq.com>
Tested-by: Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-06-30 19:44:57 -07:00
Andrey Ryabinin 9d796e6623 gcov: fix softlockups
gcov profiling if enabled with other heavy compile-time instrumentation
like KASan could trigger following softlockups:

  NMI watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#0 stuck for 22s! [swapper/0:1]
  Modules linked in:
  irq event stamp: 22823276
  hardirqs last  enabled at (22823275): [<ffffffff86e8d10d>] mutex_lock_nested+0x7d9/0x930
  hardirqs last disabled at (22823276): [<ffffffff86e9521d>] apic_timer_interrupt+0x6d/0x80
  softirqs last  enabled at (22823172): [<ffffffff811ed969>] __do_softirq+0x4db/0x729
  softirqs last disabled at (22823167): [<ffffffff811edfcf>] irq_exit+0x7d/0x15b
  CPU: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Tainted: G        W       3.19.0-05245-gbb33326-dirty #3
  Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.7.5.1-0-g8936dbb-20141113_115728-nilsson.home.kraxel.org 04/01/2014
  task: ffff88006cba8000 ti: ffff88006cbb0000 task.ti: ffff88006cbb0000
  RIP: kasan_mem_to_shadow+0x1e/0x1f
  Call Trace:
    strcmp+0x28/0x70
    get_node_by_name+0x66/0x99
    gcov_event+0x4f/0x69e
    gcov_enable_events+0x54/0x7b
    gcov_fs_init+0xf8/0x134
    do_one_initcall+0x1b2/0x288
    kernel_init_freeable+0x467/0x580
    kernel_init+0x15/0x18b
    ret_from_fork+0x7c/0xb0
  Kernel panic - not syncing: softlockup: hung tasks

Fix this by sticking cond_resched() in gcov_enable_events().

Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin <a.ryabinin@samsung.com>
Reported-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-04-17 09:04:08 -04:00
Yuan Pengfei a992bf836f gcov: add support for GCC 4.9
This patch handles the gcov-related changes in GCC 4.9:

  A new counter (time profile) is added. The total number is 9 now.

  A new profile merge function __gcov_merge_time_profile is added.

See gcc/gcov-io.h and libgcc/libgcov-merge.c

For the first change, the layout of struct gcov_info is affected.

For the second one, a dummy function is added to kernel/gcov/base.c
similarly.

Signed-off-by: Yuan Pengfei <coolypf@qq.com>
Acked-by: Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-06-10 15:34:46 -07:00
Frantisek Hrbata 5f41ea0386 gcov: add support for gcc 4.7 gcov format
The gcov in-memory format changed in gcc 4.7.  The biggest change, which
requires this special implementation, is that gcov_info no longer contains
array of counters for each counter type for all functions and gcov_fn_info
is not used for mapping of function's counters to these arrays(offset).
Now each gcov_fn_info contans it's counters, which makes things a little
bit easier.

This is heavily based on the previous gcc_3_4.c implementation and patches
provided by Peter Oberparleiter.  Specially the buffer gcda implementation
for iterator.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: use kmemdup() and kcalloc()]
[oberpar@linux.vnet.ibm.com: gcc_4_7.c needs vmalloc.h]
Signed-off-by: Frantisek Hrbata <fhrbata@redhat.com>
Cc: Jan Stancek <jstancek@redhat.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Peter Oberparleiter <peter.oberparleiter@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Andy Gospodarek <agospoda@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-11-13 12:09:34 +09:00
Frantisek Hrbata 8cbce376e3 gcov: move gcov structs definitions to a gcc version specific file
Since also the gcov structures(gcov_info, gcov_fn_info, gcov_ctr_info) can
change between gcc releases, as shown in gcc 4.7, they cannot be defined
in a common header and need to be moved to a specific gcc implemention
file.  This also requires to make the gcov_info structure opaque for the
common code and to introduce simple helpers for accessing data inside
gcov_info.

Signed-off-by: Frantisek Hrbata <fhrbata@redhat.com>
Cc: Jan Stancek <jstancek@redhat.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Peter Oberparleiter <peter.oberparleiter@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Andy Gospodarek <agospoda@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-11-13 12:09:34 +09:00
Peter Oberparleiter 2521f2c228 gcov: add gcov profiling infrastructure
Enable the use of GCC's coverage testing tool gcov [1] with the Linux
kernel.  gcov may be useful for:

 * debugging (has this code been reached at all?)
 * test improvement (how do I change my test to cover these lines?)
 * minimizing kernel configurations (do I need this option if the
   associated code is never run?)

The profiling patch incorporates the following changes:

 * change kbuild to include profiling flags
 * provide functions needed by profiling code
 * present profiling data as files in debugfs

Note that on some architectures, enabling gcc's profiling option
"-fprofile-arcs" for the entire kernel may trigger compile/link/
run-time problems, some of which are caused by toolchain bugs and
others which require adjustment of architecture code.

For this reason profiling the entire kernel is initially restricted
to those architectures for which it is known to work without changes.
This restriction can be lifted once an architecture has been tested
and found compatible with gcc's profiling. Profiling of single files
or directories is still available on all platforms (see config help
text).

[1] http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Gcov.html

Signed-off-by: Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Li Wei <W.Li@Sun.COM>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <michaele@au1.ibm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heicars2@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <mschwid2@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-06-18 13:03:57 -07:00