Rather than setting debug output flags during early init, its makes
more sense to simply re-define ACPI_DEBUG_DEFAULT specifically for
Linux.
ACPICA commit 60903715711f4b00ca1831779a8a23279a66497d
Link: https://github.com/acpica/acpica/commit/60903715
Fixes: ce5cbf5349 ("ACPI: Set debug output flags independent of ACPICA")
Reported-by: Alexandru Gagniuc <mr.nuke.me@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Alexandru Gagniuc <mr.nuke.me@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Erik Schmauss <erik.schmauss@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
ACPICA commit 62f4f98e941d86e41969bf2ab5a93b8dc94dc49e
The update includes userspace tool signons.
Link: https://github.com/acpica/acpica/commit/62f4f98e
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Erik Schmauss <erik.schmauss@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
ACPICA commit f3198c12f2df9d170b3da891a180b774cfe01e59
Also adds a new firmware error function, acpi_bios_exception.
Link: https://github.com/acpica/acpica/commit/f3198c12
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Erik Schmauss <erik.schmauss@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Adds entry/exit messages for all objects that are evaluated.
Works for the kernel-level code as well as acpiexec. The "-eo"
flag enables acpiexec to display these messages.
The messages are very useful when debugging the flow of table
initialization.
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Erik Schmauss <erik.schmauss@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Debug level 0x00800000 will dump the current parse tree
just before it is deleted.
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Erik Schmauss <erik.schmauss@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
including tool signons.
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Erik Schmauss <erik.schmauss@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
ACPICA commit 16577e5265923f4999b4d2c0addb2343b18135e1
Affects all files.
Link: https://github.com/acpica/acpica/commit/16577e52
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lv Zheng <lv.zheng@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
ACPICA commit f722da0372261331b74d3ac67645bba912a21643
Link: https://github.com/acpica/acpica/commit/f722da03
Signed-off-by: Jung-uk Kim <jkim@FreeBSD.org>
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lv Zheng <lv.zheng@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
ACPICA commit 0824ab90e03c2e4239e890615f447e7962b1daa2
Was not using the correct macro. Updated a comment in
acoutput.h
Link: https://github.com/acpica/acpica/commit/0824ab90
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lv Zheng <lv.zheng@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
All tool/utility signons.
Dual-license module header.
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lv Zheng <lv.zheng@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
ACPICA commit 61e9e20aadfaa03184d0959fbdc1fa5cdfea2551
This patch adds option to bypass opcode tracing. The option can be used to
reduce the trace message output. Lv Zheng.
Link: https://github.com/acpica/acpica/commit/61e9e20a
Signed-off-by: Lv Zheng <lv.zheng@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
ACPICA commit e8e4a9b19d0b72a7b165398bdc961fc2f6f502ec
This patch adds OSL trace hook support.
OSPMs are encouraged to use acpi_os_trace_point() with
ACPI_USE_SYSTEM_TRACER defined to implement platform specific trace
facility. Lv Zheng.
Link: https://github.com/acpica/acpica/commit/e8e4a9b1
Signed-off-by: Lv Zheng <lv.zheng@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
ACPICA commit 07fffd02607685b655ed92ee15c160e6a810b60b
The acpi_debug_trace() is the mechanism known as ACPI method tracing that is
used by Linux as ACPICA debugging message reducer. This facility can be
controlled through Linux ACPI subsystem - /sys/module/acpi/parameters.
This facility requires CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG to be enabled to see ACPICA trace
logs in the kernel dmesg output.
This patch enhances acpi_debug_trace() to make it not only a message reducer,
but a real tracer to trace AML interpreter execution. Note that in addition
to the AML tracer enabling, this patch also updates the facility with the
following enhancements:
1. Allow a full path to be specified by the acpi_debug_trace() API.
2. Allow any method rather than just the entrance of acpi_evaluate_object()
to be traced.
3. All interpreter ACPI_LV_TRACE_POINT messages are collected for
ACPI_EXECUTER layer.
The Makefile of drivers/acpi/acpica is also updated to include exdebug.o
and the duplicated stubs are removed after that.
Note that since this patch has enhanced the method tracing facility, Linux
need also be updated after applying this patch. Lv Zheng.
Link: https://github.com/acpica/acpica/commit/07fffd02
Signed-off-by: Lv Zheng <lv.zheng@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
ACPICA commit 71299ec8b49054daace0df50268e8e055654ca37
This patch adds trace point at the following point:
1. Begin/end of a control method execution;
2. Begin/end of an opcode execution.
The trace point feature can be enabled by defining ACPI_DEBUG_OUTPUT
and specifying a debug level that includes ACPI_LV_TRACDE_POINT and the
debug layers that include ACPI_PARSER and ACPI_DISPACTCHER.
In order to make aml_op_name of union acpi_parse_object usable for tracer, it is
enabled for ACPI_DEBUG_OUTPUT in this patch. Lv Zheng.
Link: https://github.com/acpica/acpica/commit/71299ec8
Signed-off-by: Lv Zheng <lv.zheng@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
ACPICA commit 72f5a358f28c5d154ed613c142c7dca03192c5ee
This patch intoduces generic variable macro detection support and fixes
build breakage issue with macros using __VA_ARGS__ feature defined in
C99.
This patch fixes this build issue. Lv Zheng.
This patch doesn't affect Linux kernel.
Link: https://github.com/acpica/acpica/commit/72f5a358
Signed-off-by: Lv Zheng <lv.zheng@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
__FUNCTION__ hasn't been treated as a string literal since gcc 3.4, so
this only helps people who only test-compile using 3.3 (compiler-gcc3.h
barks at anything older than that). Besides, there are almost no
occurrences of __FUNCTION__ left in the tree.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: convert remaining __FUNCTION__ references]
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
ACPICA commit 8990e73ab2aa15d6a0068b860ab54feff25bee36
Link: https://github.com/acpica/acpica/commit/8990e73a
Signed-off-by: David E. Box <david.e.box@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lv Zheng <lv.zheng@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
This reverts commit aae576e5faefa8ba70647efa320d4747b6375f1e.
Push and Pop are not portable "enough", and caused problems for
some ACPICA customers.
Signed-off-by: Robert Moore <Robert.Moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lv Zheng <lv.zheng@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Use push and pop to both guarantee that the correct alignment is used,
and to restore the alignment to whatever it was before the header
was included.
It is reported that the #pragma pack(push/pop) directives are not supported
by the specific GCCs, but this patch still doesn't affect kernel build
as there are already #pragma pack([1]) directives used in the old ACPICA
headers, which means there shouldn't be GCCs that are currently used to
compile the ACPI kernels do not support #pragma pack() directives.
References: https://bugs.acpica.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1058
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lv Zheng <lv.zheng@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Update ACPICA copyrights to 2014. Includes all source headers and
signons for the various tools.
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lv Zheng <lv.zheng@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Remove several unused/duplicated macros in acoutput.h Lv Zheng.
Signed-off-by: Lv Zheng <lv.zheng@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Acked-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Removal caused a regression on at least FreeBSD. This fix
reinstates the macros.
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lv Zheng <lv.zheng@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Includes all source headers and signons for the various tools.
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lv Zheng <lv.zheng@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Fix two issues with the ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT macros.
1) Add the ACPI_DO_WHILE0 macro to the main DEBUG_PRINT helper macro.
2) Rename ACPI_DEBUG macro to ACPI_DO_DEBUG_PRINT since ACPI_DEBUG
is already commonly used by the various hosts.
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Also add acoutput.h to the nsdump.c file.
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lv Zheng <lv.zheng@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Moved the debug trace macros from acmacros.h into acoutput.h
where they belong.
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lv Zheng <lv.zheng@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Add extra parens to allow use of !ACPI_IS_DEBUG_ENABLED.
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lv Zheng <lv.zheng@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Move check for "debug enable" to before the actual call to the
debug print routine. Improves time of ASLTS by about 15%. Also,
remove "safe" exit macros since no complex expressions are ever
used in the return statements.
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lv Zheng <lv.zheng@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
This is a cosmetic patch only. Comparison of the resulting binary showed
only line number differences.
This patch does not affect the generation of the Linux binary.
This patch decreases 170 lines of 20121018 divergence.diff.
This patch updates ACPICA codes surrounded by some disabled build options
so that the source code diff between Linux and ACPICA can be reduced.
Some of these build options may never be used in the kernel, so they may
be deleted entirely in future patches.
Signed-off-by: Lv Zheng <lv.zheng@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
These new interfaces will be deployed across ACPICA in order to
point a finger directly at any detected BIOS issues -- such as
issues with ACPI tables, etc.
https://www.acpica.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=843
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
The _acpi_module_name was left undefined in these cases, but it
is actually needed as a parameter to some interfaces. Define
_acpi_module_name as a null string in these cases. Acpica BZ 888.
http://www.acpica.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=888
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Add data table compiler output component
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
This change will enable debug object output via a global variable,
acpi_gbl_enable_aml_debug_object. This will help with remote machine
debugging. Also, moved all debug object support code to a new
file, exdebug.c. Entire debug object module can now be
configured out of the ACPICA build if desired.
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Add 2010 copyright to all module headers and signons, including
the Linux header. This affects virtually every file in the ACPICA
core subsystem, iASL compiler, and all utilities.
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Repair mechanism was considered too wordy. Now, messages are only
unconditionally emitted if the return object cannot be repaired.
Existing messages for successful repairs were converted to
ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT messages for now. ACPICA BZ 827.
http://www.acpica.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=827
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
acpi.h now includes only the "public" acpica headers. All other
acpica headers are "private" and should not be included by acpica
users. One new file, accommon.h is used to include the commonly
used private headers for acpica code generation. Future plans
are to move all private headers to a new subdirectory.
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
acpi_early_init() was changed to over-write the cmdline param,
making it really inconvenient to set debug flags at boot-time.
Also,
This sets the default level to "info", which is what all the ACPI
drivers use. So to enable messages from drivers, you only have to
supply the "layer" (a.k.a. "component"). For non-"info" ACPI core
and ACPI interpreter messages, you have to supply both level and
layer masks, as before.
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bjorn.helgaas@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Removed ACPI_DB_WARN and ACPI_DB_ERROR. These debug levels were
made obsolete by the ACPI_WARNING and ACPI_ERROR/ACPI_EXCEPTION
interfaces. Also added ACPI_DB_EVENTS to correspond with the
existing ACPI_LV_EVENTS.
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Split ACPI_DEBUG into function trace enabled and not enabled.
Function trace is most of the ACPI_DEBUG costs, but is
not much of use for kernel ACPI debugging.
Size of kernel image increased on test compile:
+ 48k (Full ACPI_DEBUG)
+ 35k (ACPI_DEBUG with function trace compiled out)
Performance without function trace is also much better.
Also remove ACPI_LV_DEBUG_OBJECT from default debug level as
a lot vendors let Store (value, debug) in their code and this
might confuse users when it pops up in syslog.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Renninger <trenn@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Added 2007 copyright to all module headers and signons. This affects
virtually every file in the ACPICA core subsystem, iASL compiler,
and the utilities.
Signed-off-by: Alexey Starikovskiy <alexey.y.starikovskiy@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Removed a device initialization optimization introduced in
20051216 where the _STA method was not run unless an _INI
was also present for the same device. This optimization
could cause problems because it could allow _INI methods
to be run within a not-present device subtree (If a
not-present device had no _INI, _STA would not be run,
the not-present status would not be discovered, and the
children of the device would be incorrectly traversed.)
Implemented a new _STA optimization where namespace
subtrees that do not contain _INI are identified and
ignored during device initialization. Selectively running
_STA can significantly improve boot time on large machines
(with assistance from Len Brown.)
Implemented support for the device initialization case
where the returned _STA flags indicate a device not-present
but functioning. In this case, _INI is not run, but the
device children are examined for presence, as per the
ACPI specification.
Implemented an additional change to the IndexField support
in order to conform to MS behavior. The value written to
the Index Register is not simply a byte offset, it is a
byte offset in units of the access width of the parent
Index Field. (Fiodor Suietov)
Defined and deployed a new OSL interface,
acpi_os_validate_address(). This interface is called during
the creation of all AML operation regions, and allows
the host OS to exert control over what addresses it will
allow the AML code to access. Operation Regions whose
addresses are disallowed will cause a runtime exception
when they are actually accessed (will not affect or abort
table loading.)
Defined and deployed a new OSL interface,
acpi_os_validate_interface(). This interface allows the host OS
to match the various "optional" interface/behavior strings
for the _OSI predefined control method as appropriate
(with assistance from Bjorn Helgaas.)
Restructured and corrected various problems in the
exception handling code paths within DsCallControlMethod
and DsTerminateControlMethod in dsmethod (with assistance
from Takayoshi Kochi.)
Modified the Linux source converter to ignore quoted string
literals while converting identifiers from mixed to lower
case. This will correct problems with the disassembler
and other areas where such strings must not be modified.
The ACPI_FUNCTION_* macros no longer require quotes around
the function name. This allows the Linux source converter
to convert the names, now that the converter ignores
quoted strings.
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Implemented the use of a cache object for all internal
namespace nodes. Since there are about 1000 static nodes
in a typical system, this will decrease memory use for
cache implementations that minimize per-allocation overhead
(such as a slab allocator.)
Removed the reference count mechanism for internal
namespace nodes, since it was deemed unnecessary. This
reduces the size of each namespace node by about 5%-10%
on all platforms. Nodes are now 20 bytes for the 32-bit
case, and 32 bytes for the 64-bit case.
Optimized several internal data structures to reduce
object size on 64-bit platforms by packing data within
the 64-bit alignment. This includes the frequently used
ACPI_OPERAND_OBJECT, of which there can be ~1000 static
instances corresponding to the namespace objects.
Added two new strings for the predefined _OSI method:
"Windows 2001.1 SP1" and "Windows 2006".
Split the allocation tracking mechanism out to a separate
file, from utalloc.c to uttrack.c. This mechanism appears
to be only useful for application-level code. Kernels may
wish to not include uttrack.c in distributions.
Removed all remnants of the obsolete ACPI_REPORT_* macros
and the associated code. (These macros have been replaced
by the ACPI_ERROR and ACPI_WARNING macros.)
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Added 2006 copyright.
At SuSE's suggestion, enabled all error messages
without enabling function tracing, ie with CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG=n
Replaced all instances of the ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT macro invoked at
the ACPI_DB_ERROR and ACPI_DB_WARN debug levels with
the ACPI_REPORT_ERROR and ACPI_REPORT_WARNING macros,
respectively. This preserves all error and warning messages
in the non-debug version of the ACPICA code (this has been
referred to as the "debug lite" option.) Over 200 cases
were converted to create a total of over 380 error/warning
messages across the ACPICA code. This increases the code
and data size of the default non-debug version by about 13K.
Added ACPI_NO_ERROR_MESSAGES flag to enable deleting all messages.
The size of the debug version remains about the same.
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
The use of the CPU stack in the debug version of the
subsystem has been considerably reduced. Previously, a
debug structure was declared in every function that used
the debug macros. This structure has been removed in
favor of declaring the individual elements as parameters
to the debug functions. This reduces the cumulative stack
use during nested execution of ACPI function calls at the
cost of a small increase in the code size of the debug
version of the subsystem. With assistance from Alexey
Starikovskiy and Len Brown.
Added the ACPI_GET_FUNCTION_NAME macro to enable the
compiler-dependent headers to define a macro that will
return the current function name at runtime (such as
__FUNCTION__ or _func_, etc.) The function name is used
by the debug trace output. If ACPI_GET_FUNCTION_NAME
is not defined in the compiler-dependent header, the
function name is saved on the CPU stack (one pointer per
function.) This mechanism is used because apparently there
exists no standard ANSI-C defined macro that that returns
the function name.
Alexey Starikovskiy redesigned and reimplemented the
"Owner ID" mechanism used to track namespace objects
created/deleted by ACPI tables and control method
execution. A bitmap is now used to allocate and free the
IDs, thus solving the wraparound problem present in the
previous implementation. The size of the namespace node
descriptor was reduced by 2 bytes as a result.
Removed the UINT32_BIT and UINT16_BIT types that were used
for the bitfield flag definitions within the headers for
the predefined ACPI tables. These have been replaced by
UINT8_BIT in order to increase the code portability of
the subsystem. If the use of UINT8 remains a problem,
we may be forced to eliminate bitfields entirely because
of a lack of portability.
Alexey Starikovksiy enhanced the performance of
acpi_ut_update_object_reference. This is a frequently used
function and this improvement increases the performance
of the entire subsystem.
Alexey Starikovskiy fixed several possible memory leaks
and the inverse - premature object deletion.
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
Erik Schmauss
Bob Moore
Jung-uk Kim
Lv Zheng
Rasmus Villemoes
David E. Box
Lin Ming
Bjorn Helgaas
Len Brown
Thomas Renninger
Linus Torvalds