Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
New helpers: kernel_waitid() and kernel_wait4(). sys_waitid(),
sys_wait4() and their compat variants switched to those. Copying
struct rusage to userland is left to syscall itself. For
compat_sys_wait4() that eliminates the use of set_fs() completely.
For compat_sys_waitid() it's still needed (for siginfo handling);
that will change shortly.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Fix the following warning:
usr/include/linux/resource.h:49: found __[us]{8,16,32,64} type without #include <linux/types.h>
Signed-off-by: Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It now allows also reading of limits. I.e. all read and writes will
later use this function.
It takes two parameters, new and old limits which can be both NULL.
If new is non-NULL, the value in it is set to rlimits.
If old is non-NULL, current rlimits are stored there.
If both are non-NULL, old are stored prior to setting the new ones,
atomically.
(Similar to sigaction.)
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Add a platform independent structure for resource limits to use with
a new prlimit64 syscall. This structure is the same which uses glibc
for 64-bit limits.
Also add corresponding infinity which is a 64-bit full of bit-ones.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Create do_setrlimit from sys_setrlimit and declare do_setrlimit
in the resource header. This is the first phase to have generic
do_prlimit which allows to be called from read, write and compat
rlimits code.
The new do_setrlimit also accepts a task pointer to change the limits
of. Currently, it cannot be other than current, but this will change
with locking later.
Also pass tsk->group_leader to security_task_setrlimit to check
whether current is allowed to change rlimits of the process and not
its arbitrary thread because it makes more sense given that rlimit are
per process and not per-thread.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
It is an internal function. Move it inside __KERNEL__ ifdef, along
with task_struct declaration.
Then we get:
--- /usr/include/linux/resource.h 2009-09-14 15:09:29.000000000 +0200
+++ usr/include/linux/resource.h 2010-01-04 11:30:54.000000000 +0100
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
#include <linux/time.h>
-struct task_struct;
-
/*
* Resource control/accounting header file for linux
*/
@@ -70,6 +68,5 @@
*/
#include <asm/resource.h>
-int getrusage(struct task_struct *p, int who, struct rusage *ru);
#endif
***********
include/linux/Kbuild is untouched, since unifdef is run even on
headers-y nowadays.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
By default, non-privileged tasks can only mlock() a small amount of
memory to avoid a DoS attack by ordinary users. The Linux kernel
defaulted to 32k (on a 4k page size system) to accommodate the needs of
gpg.
However, newer gpg2 needs 64k in various circumstances and otherwise
fails miserably, see bnc#329675.
Change the default to 64k, and make it more agnostic to PAGE_SIZE.
Signed-off-by: Kurt Garloff <garloff@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add the RUSAGE_THREAD option for the getrusage system call. This is
essentially Roland's patch from http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/1/18/589, but the
line about RUSAGE_LWP line has been removed, as suggested by Ulrich and
Christoph.
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Sripathi Kodi <sripathik@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@googlemail.com>
Cc: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
- proper prototypes for the following functions:
- ctrl_alt_del() (in include/linux/reboot.h)
- getrusage() (in include/linux/resource.h)
- make the following needlessly global functions static:
- kernel_restart_prepare()
- kernel_kexec()
[akpm@osdl.org: compile fix]
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
Greg Kroah-Hartman
Al Viro
David Howells
Jean Delvare
Jiri Slaby
Jiri Slaby
Kurt Garloff
Sripathi Kodi
Adrian Bunk
Linus Torvalds