Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The previous commit spotted that "Tarball successfully created ..."
is displayed even if the "tar" command returns error code because
it is followed by "| ${compress}".
Let the build fail instead of printing the successful message since
if the "tar" command fails, the output may not be what users expect.
Avoid the use of the pipe. While we are here, refactor the script
removing the use of sub-shell, ${compress}, ${file_ext}.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
$tmpdir/lib is created by "make modules_install". It does not exist
if CONFIG_MODULES is disabled, then tar reports the following messages:
tar: lib: Cannot stat: No such file or directory
tar: Exiting with failure status due to previous errors
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Previously, .config was used in buildtar script regardless of the value of
KCONFIG_CONFIG.
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Porcel <nicolasporcel06@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
The Makefiles call the respective interpreter explicitly, but this makes
it easier to use the scripts manually.
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
Commit 7e1c0477 (kbuild: Use relative path for $(objtree)) assumes that
the build process does not change its working directory. make tar-pkg
was a couterexample, fix this by changing directory only for the tar
command and not for the whole script, which at one point references the
now relative $(objtree).
Reported-and-tested-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@fieldses.org>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
A lot of 64-bit systems supported by Linux/MIPS have boot firmware or
bootloaders that only understand 32-bit ELF files, and as such, the vmlinux.32
target exists to support these systems. Therefore, it'd be nice if the tar-pkg
target recognised this, and included the right version when packaging up a
binary of the kernel.
This updates buildtar to support MIPS targets. MIPS may use 'vmlinux'
or 'vmlinux.32' depending on the target system. This uses 'vmlinux.32'
in preference to 'vmlinux' where present (although I should check which
is newer), including either file as /boot/vmlinux-${version}.
Cc: linux-mips@linux-mips.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Patchwork: https://patchwork.linux-mips.org/patch/1673/
Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
When dealing with multiple sub-arches (like 32- and 64-bit on x86, for
example) generating a bunch of kernel tar archives with the same name
but for different sub-arches could get confusing and error-prone. Also,
the build process could overwrite otherwise unrelated builds and you
probably don't want that. So, add the architecture to the archive name
for more clarity and less shoot-yourself-in-the-foot practices.
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
Pull kbuild changes from Michal Marek:
"The main part of kbuild for v3.7 contains:
- Fix for scripts/Makefile.modpost to not choke on a '.ko' substring
in the build directory path
- Two warning fixes (modpost and main Makefile)
- __compiletime_error works also with gcc 4.3
- make tar{gz,bz2,xz}-pkg uses default compression settings instead
of saving as many bytes as possible (this should actually be in the
misc branch, I don't know why I applied it here)."
* 'kbuild' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mmarek/kbuild:
compiler-gcc4.h: correct verion check for __compiletime_error
modpost: Permit .GCC.command.line sections
Kbuild: use normal compression settings for tar*-pkg
scripts/Makefile.modpost: error in finding modules from .mod files.
kbuild: Remove useless warning while appending KCFLAGS
For large kernel configurations (like a distribution kernel)
targz-pkg takes a quite long time to just do the compression.
I clocked it at 15+mins for a SUSE kernel like config on a fast
system. And tarxz and bzip2 are even slower.
The main reason is that the script that is doing the taring sets
the highest compression level (-9). When I change it to just
use the defaults the gzip time for the same kernel goes down
to ~3 mins. I haven't tested xz and bzip, but I expect those
to be much faster too.
I'm not willing to wait that long for a small compression
gain. So just change the script to use the defaults.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
There were reports of users destroying their Fedora installs by a kernel
tarball that replaces the /lib -> /usr/lib symlink. Let's remove the
toplevel directories from the tarball to prevent this from happening.
Reported-by: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Suggested-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
Use the --owner= and --group= options to make sure the entries in
the built tar file are owned by root. Without this change, a
careless sysadmin using the tar-pkg target can easily end up
installing a kernel that is writable by the unprivileged user
account used to build the kernel.
Test that these options are understood before using them so that
non-GNU versions of tar can still be used if the operator is
appropriately cautious.
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
Fix out-of-tree builds for the tar-pkg targets
When I wrote the buildtar script, I didn't even think about
out-of-tree builds because I didn't use these back then. This patch
throughoutly uses ${objtree} instead of `pwd`.
Also, the kernel version is no longer manually built. Instead, it will
properly use $KERNELRELEASE . Installing modules is only done if
CONFIG_MODULES is set.
Signed-off-by: Jan-Benedict Glaw <jbglaw@lug-owl.de>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
It adds tarball packaging, which I prefer for distribution.
Also one of the two blanks after @echo is removed. One seems to be enough :)
Signed-off-by: Jan-Benedict Glaw <jbglaw@lug-owl.de>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Greg Kroah-Hartman
Masahiro Yamada
Nicolas Porcel
Michal Marek
Masahiro Yamada
Stuart Longland
Borislav Petkov
Linus Torvalds
Andi Kleen
Lucas De Marchi
Zdenek Kaspar
Helge Deller
Daniel De Graaf
Andi Kleen
Jan-Benedict Glaw