Most distros turn the console verbosity down and that means a backtrace
after a panic never makes it to the console. I assume we haven't seen
this because a panic is often preceeded by an oops which will have called
console_verbose. There are however a lot of places we call panic
directly, and they are broken.
Use console_verbose like we do in the oops path to ensure a directly
called panic will print a backtrace.
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This taint flag will initially be used when warning about invalid ACPI
DMAR tables.
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>
WARN() is used in some places to report firmware or hardware bugs that
are then worked-around. These bugs do not affect the stability of the
kernel and should not set the flag for TAINT_WARN. To allow for this,
add WARN_TAINT() and WARN_TAINT_ONCE() macros that take a taint number
as argument.
Architectures that implement warnings using trap instructions instead
of calls to warn_slowpath_*() now implement __WARN_TAINT(taint)
instead of __WARN().
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Acked-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Tested-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>
I've had some complaints about panic_timeout being wildly innacurate on
shared processor PowerPC partitions (a 3 minute panic_timeout taking 30
minutes).
The problem is we loop on mdelay(1) and with a 1ms in 10ms hypervisor
timeslice each of these will take 10ms (ie 10x) longer. I expect other
platforms with shared processor hypervisors will see the same issue.
This patch keeps the old behaviour if we have a panic_blink (only keyboard
LEDs right now) and does 1 second mdelays if we don't.
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
crash_kexec gets called before kmsg_dump(KMSG_DUMP_OOPS) if
panic_on_oops is set, so the kernel log buffer is not stored
for this case.
This patch adds a KMSG_DUMP_KEXEC dump type which gets called
when crash_kexec() is invoked. To avoid getting double dumps,
the old KMSG_DUMP_PANIC is moved below crash_kexec(). The
mtdoops driver is modified to handle KMSG_DUMP_KEXEC in the
same way as a panic.
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Simon Kagstrom <simon.kagstrom@netinsight.net>
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>
* git://git.infradead.org/mtd-2.6: (90 commits)
jffs2: Fix long-standing bug with symlink garbage collection.
mtd: OneNAND: Fix test of unsigned in onenand_otp_walk()
mtd: cfi_cmdset_0002, fix lock imbalance
Revert "mtd: move mxcnd_remove to .exit.text"
mtd: m25p80: add support for Macronix MX25L4005A
kmsg_dump: fix build for CONFIG_PRINTK=n
mtd: nandsim: add support for 4KiB pages
mtd: mtdoops: refactor as a kmsg_dumper
mtd: mtdoops: make record size configurable
mtd: mtdoops: limit the maximum mtd partition size
mtd: mtdoops: keep track of used/unused pages in an array
mtd: mtdoops: several minor cleanups
core: Add kernel message dumper to call on oopses and panics
mtd: add ARM pismo support
mtd: pxa3xx_nand: Fix PIO data transfer
mtd: nand: fix multi-chip suspend problem
mtd: add support for switching old SST chips into QRY mode
mtd: fix M29W800D dev_id and uaddr
mtd: don't use PF_MEMALLOC
mtd: Add bad block table overrides to Davinci NAND driver
...
Fixed up conflicts (mostly trivial) in
drivers/mtd/devices/m25p80.c
drivers/mtd/maps/pcmciamtd.c
drivers/mtd/nand/pxa3xx_nand.c
kernel/printk.c
The core functionality is implemented as per Linus suggestion from
http://lists.infradead.org/pipermail/linux-mtd/2009-October/027620.html
(with the kmsg_dump implementation by Linus). A struct kmsg_dumper has
been added which contains a callback to dump the kernel log buffers on
crashes. The kmsg_dump function gets called from oops_exit() and panic()
and invokes this callbacks with the crash reason.
[dwmw2: Fix log_end handling]
Signed-off-by: Simon Kagstrom <simon.kagstrom@netinsight.net>
Reviewed-by: Anders Grafstrom <anders.grafstrom@netinsight.net>
Reviewed-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>
* 'core-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
futex: fix requeue_pi key imbalance
futex: Fix typo in FUTEX_WAIT/WAKE_BITSET_PRIVATE definitions
rcu: Place root rcu_node structure in separate lockdep class
rcu: Make hot-unplugged CPU relinquish its own RCU callbacks
rcu: Move rcu_barrier() to rcutree
futex: Move exit_pi_state() call to release_mm()
futex: Nullify robust lists after cleanup
futex: Fix locking imbalance
panic: Fix panic message visibility by calling bust_spinlocks(0) before dying
rcu: Replace the rcu_barrier enum with pointer to call_rcu*() function
rcu: Clean up code based on review feedback from Josh Triplett, part 4
rcu: Clean up code based on review feedback from Josh Triplett, part 3
rcu: Fix rcu_lock_map build failure on CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING=y
rcu: Clean up code to address Ingo's checkpatch feedback
rcu: Clean up code based on review feedback from Josh Triplett, part 2
rcu: Clean up code based on review feedback from Josh Triplett
Commit ffd71da4e3 ("panic: decrease oops_in_progress only after
having done the panic") moved bust_spinlocks(0) to the end of the
function, which in practice is never reached.
As a result console_unblank() is not called, and on some systems
the user may not see the panic message.
Move it back up to before the unblanking.
Signed-off-by: Aaro Koskinen <aaro.koskinen@nokia.com>
Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <1254483680-25578-1-git-send-email-aaro.koskinen@nokia.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
If trace_printk_on_oops is set we lose interesting trace information
when the tracer is enabled across oops handling and printing. We want
the trace which might give us information _WHY_ we oopsed.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Ian Campbell noticed that since "Eliminate thousands of warnings with
gcc 3.2 build" (commit 57adc4d2db) all
WARN_ON()'s currently appear to come from warn_slowpath_null(), eg:
WARNING: at kernel/softirq.c:143 warn_slowpath_null+0x1c/0x20()
because now that warn_slowpath_null() is in the call path, the
__builtin_return_address(0) returns that, rather than the place that
caused the warning.
Fix this by splitting up the warn_slowpath_null/fmt cases differently,
using a common helper function, and getting the return address in the
right place. This also happens to avoid the unnecessary stack usage for
the non-stdargs case, and just generally cleans things up.
Make the function name printout use %pS while at it.
Cc: Ian Campbell <ian.campbell@citrix.com>
Cc: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When building with gcc 3.2 I get thousands of warnings such as
include/linux/gfp.h: In function `allocflags_to_migratetype':
include/linux/gfp.h:105: warning: null format string
due to passing a NULL format string to warn_slowpath() in
#define __WARN() warn_slowpath(__FILE__, __LINE__, NULL)
Split this case out into a separate call. This also shrinks the kernel
slightly:
text data bss dec hex filename
4802274 707668 712704 6222646 5ef336 vmlinux
text data bss dec hex filename
4799027 703572 712704 6215303 5ed687 vmlinux
due to removeing one argument from the commonly-called __WARN().
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: reduce scope of `empty']
Acked-by: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Andi Kleen reported this message triggering on non-lockdep kernels:
Disabling lockdep due to kernel taint
Clarify the message to say 'lock debugging' - debug_locks_off()
turns off all things lock debugging, not just lockdep.
[ Impact: change kernel warning message text ]
Reported-by: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: broaden lockdep checks
Lockdep is disabled after any kernel taints. This might be convenient
to ignore bad locking issues which sources come from outside the kernel
tree. Nevertheless, it might be a frustrating experience for the
staging developers or those who experience a warning but are focused
on another things that require lockdep.
The v2 of this patch simply don't disable anymore lockdep in case
of TAINT_CRAP and TAINT_WARN events.
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: LTP <ltp-list@lists.sourceforge.net>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Greg KH <gregkh@suse.de>
LKML-Reference: <1239412638-6739-2-git-send-email-fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: provide useful missing info for developers
Kernel taint can occur in several situations such as warnings,
load of prorietary or staging modules, bad page, etc...
But when such taint happens, a developer might still be working on
the kernel, expecting that lockdep is still enabled. But a taint
disables lockdep without ever warning about it.
Such a kernel behaviour doesn't really help for kernel development.
This patch adds this missing warning.
Since the taint is done most of the time after the main message that
explain the real source issue, it seems safe to warn about it inside
add_taint() so that it appears at last, without hurting the main
information.
v2: Use a generic helper to disable lockdep instead of an
open coded xchg().
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
LKML-Reference: <1239412638-6739-1-git-send-email-fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: cleanup, no code changed
Clean up kernel/panic.c some more and make it more consistent.
LKML-Reference: <49B91A7E.76E4.0078.0@novell.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: cleanup, no code changed
Remove an ugly #ifdef CONFIG_SMP from panic(), by providing
an smp_send_stop() wrapper on UP too.
LKML-Reference: <49B91A7E.76E4.0078.0@novell.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: eliminate secondary warnings during panic()
We can panic() in a number of difficult, atomic contexts, hence
we use bust_spinlocks(1) in panic() to increase oops_in_progress,
which prevents various debug checks we have in place.
But in practice this protection only covers the first few printk's
done by panic() - it does not cover the later attempt to stop all
other CPUs and kexec(). If a secondary warning triggers in one of
those facilities that can make the panic message scroll off.
So do bust_spinlocks(0) only much later in panic(). (which code
is only reached if panic policy is relaxed that it can return
after a warning message)
Reported-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com>
LKML-Reference: <49B91A7E.76E4.0078.0@novell.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: no default -fno-stack-protector if stackp is enabled, cleanup
Stackprotector make rules had the following problems.
* cc support test and warning are scattered across makefile and
kernel/panic.c.
* -fno-stack-protector was always added regardless of configuration.
Update such that cc support test and warning are contained in makefile
and -fno-stack-protector is added iff stackp is turned off. While at
it, prepare for 32bit support.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
... because we do want repeated same-oops to be seen by automated
tools like kerneloops.org
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The description for 'D' was missing in the comment... (causing me a
minute of WTF followed by looking at more of the code)
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Impact: cleanup, eliminate code
now that warn_on_slowpath() uses warn_slowpath(...,NULL), we can
eliminate warn_on_slowpath() altogether and use warn_slowpath().
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: extend WARN_ON() output with DMI_PRODUCT_NAME
It's very useful for many low level WARN_ON's to find out which
motherboard has the broken BIOS etc... this patch adds a printk
to the WARN_ON code for this.
On architectures without DMI, gcc should optimize the code out.
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: cleanup, code reduction
warn_slowpath is a superset of warn_on_slowpath; just have
warn_on_slowpath call warn_slowpath with a NULL 3rd argument.
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This allows them to be examined and set after boot, plus means they
actually give errors if they are misused (eg. panic=yes).
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
It's somewhat unlikely that it happens, but right now a race window
between interrupts or machine checks or oopses could corrupt the tainted
bitmap because it is modified in a non atomic fashion.
Convert the taint variable to an unsigned long and use only atomic bit
operations on it.
Unfortunately this means the intvec sysctl functions cannot be used on it
anymore.
It turned out the taint sysctl handler could actually be simplified a bit
(since it only increases capabilities) so this patch actually removes
code.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove unneeded include]
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We need to add a flag for all code that is in the drivers/staging/
directory to prevent all other kernel developers from worrying about
issues here, and to notify users that the drivers might not be as good
as they are normally used to.
Based on code from Andreas Gruenbacher and Jeff Mahoney to provide a
TAINT flag for the support level of a kernel module in the Novell
enterprise kernel release.
This is the kernel portion of this feature, the ability for the flag to
be set needs to be done in the build process and will happen in a
follow-up patch.
Cc: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruen@suse.de>
Cc: Jeff Mahoney <jeffm@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Add a WARN() macro that acts like WARN_ON(), with the added feature that it
takes a printk like argument that is printed as part of the warning message.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix printk arguments]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
turns out gcc generates such stackprotector-failure sequences
in certain circumstances:
movq -8(%rbp), %rax # D.16032,
xorq %gs:40, %rax #,
jne .L17 #,
leave
ret
.L17:
call __stack_chk_fail #
.size __stack_chk_test_func, .-__stack_chk_test_func
.section .init.text,"ax",@progbits
.type panic_setup, @function
panic_setup:
pushq %rbp #
note that there's no jump back to the failing context after the
call to __stack_chk_fail - i.e. it has a ((noreturn)) attribute.
Which is fair enough in the normal case but kills the self-test.
(as we cannot reliably return in the self-test)
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Clean up the code by removing no longer needed code;
make sure the pda is updated and kept in sync
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
check stackprotector functionality by manipulating the canary briefly
during bootup.
far more robust than trying to overflow the stack. (which is architecture
dependent, etc.)
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
If the user selects the stack-protector config option, but does not have
a gcc that has the right bits enabled (for example because it isn't build
with a glibc that supports TLS, as is common for cross-compilers, but also
because it may be too old), then the runtime test fails right now.
This patch adds a warning message for this scenario. This warning accomplishes
two goals
1) the user is informed that the security option he selective isn't available
2) the user is suggested to turn of the CONFIG option that won't work for him,
and would make the runtime test fail anyway.
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
This patch adds a simple self-test capability to the stackprotector
feature. The test deliberately overflows a stack buffer and then
checks if the canary trap function gets called.
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
if CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE is set then the user most definitely wanted
to see as much information about kernel crashes as possible - so give
them at least a stack dump.
this is particularly useful for stackprotector related panics, where
the stacktrace can give us the exact location of the (attempted)
attack.
Pointed out by pageexec@freemail.hu in the stackprotector breakage
threads.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
pointed out by pageexec@freemail.hu:
we just simply panic() when there's a stackprotector attack - giving
the attacked person no information about what kernel code the attack went
against.
print out the attacked function.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
The kernel is sent to tainted within the warn_on_slowpath() function, and
whenever a warning occurs the new taint flag 'W' is set. This is useful to
know if a warning occurred before a BUG by preserving the warning as a flag
in the taint state.
This does not work on architectures where WARN_ON has its own definition.
These archs are:
1. s390
2. superh
3. avr32
4. parisc
The maintainers of these architectures have been added in the Cc: list
in this email to alert them to the situation.
The documentation in oops-tracing.txt has been updated to include the
new flag.
Signed-off-by: Nur Hussein <nurhussein@gmail.com>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Cc: "Randy.Dunlap" <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@atmel.com>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When an ACPI table is overridden (for now this can happen only for DSDT)
display a big warning and taint the kernel with flag A.
Signed-off-by: Eric Piel <eric.piel@tremplin-utc.net>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Unlike oopses, WARN_ON() currently does't print the loaded modules list.
This makes it harder to take action on certain bug reports. For example,
recently there were a set of WARN_ON()s reported in the mac80211 stack,
which were just signalling a driver bug. It takes then anther round trip
to the bug reporter (if he responds at all) to find out which driver
is at fault.
Another issue is that, unlike oopses, WARN_ON() doesn't currently printk
the helpful "cut here" line, nor the "end of trace" marker.
Now that WARN_ON() is out of line, the size increase due to this is
minimal and it's worth adding.
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
A quick grep shows that there are currently 1145 instances of WARN_ON
in the kernel. Currently, WARN_ON is pretty much entirely inlined,
which makes it hard to enhance it without growing the size of the kernel
(and getting Andrew unhappy).
This patch build on top of Olof's patch that introduces __WARN,
and places the slowpath out of line. It also uses Ingo's suggestion
to not use __FUNCTION__ but to use kallsyms to do the lookup;
this saves a ton of extra space since gcc doesn't need to store the function
string twice now:
3936367 833603 624736 5394706 525112 vmlinux.before
3917508 833603 624736 5375847 520767 vmlinux-slowpath
15Kb savings...
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
CC: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
CC: Olof Johansson <olof@lixom.net>
Acked-by: Matt Meckall <mpm@selenic.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Right now it's nearly impossible for parsers that collect kernel crashes
from logs or emails (such as www.kerneloops.org) to detect the
end-of-oops condition. In addition, it's not currently possible to
detect whether or not 2 oopses that look alike are actually the same
oops reported twice, or are truly two unique oopses.
This patch adds an end-of-oops marker, and makes the end marker include
a very simple 64-bit random ID to be able to detect duplicate reports.
Normally, this ID is calculated as a late_initcall() (in the hope that
at that time there is enough entropy to get a unique enough ID); however
for early oopses the oops_exit() function needs to generate the ID on
the fly.
We do this all at the _end_ of an oops printout, so this does not impact
our ability to get the most important portions of a crash out to the
console first.
[ Sidenote: the already existing oopses-since-bootup counter we print
during crashes serves as the differentiator between multiple oopses
that trigger during the same bootup. ]
Tested on 32-bit and 64-bit x86. Artificially injected very early
crashes as well, as expected they result in this constant ID after
multiple bootups:
---[ end trace ca143223eefdc828 ]---
---[ end trace ca143223eefdc828 ]---
because the random pools are still all zero. But it all still works
fine and causes no additional problems (which is the main goal of
instrumentation code).
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Anton Blanchard
Ben Hutchings
KOSAKI Motohiro
Linus Torvalds
Simon Kagstrom
Aaro Koskinen
Robert P. J. Day
Thomas Gleixner
Andi Kleen
Ingo Molnar
Frederic Weisbecker
Tejun Heo
Arjan van de Ven
Rusty Russell
Randy Dunlap
Greg Kroah-Hartman
Daniel Walker
Nur Hussein
Éric Piel
Arjan van de Ven
Daniel Roesen