535 строки
17 KiB
C
535 строки
17 KiB
C
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
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/*
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* Timer events oriented CPU idle governor
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*
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* Copyright (C) 2018 - 2021 Intel Corporation
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* Author: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
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*/
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/**
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* DOC: teo-description
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*
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* The idea of this governor is based on the observation that on many systems
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* timer events are two or more orders of magnitude more frequent than any
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* other interrupts, so they are likely to be the most significant cause of CPU
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* wakeups from idle states. Moreover, information about what happened in the
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* (relatively recent) past can be used to estimate whether or not the deepest
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* idle state with target residency within the (known) time till the closest
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* timer event, referred to as the sleep length, is likely to be suitable for
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* the upcoming CPU idle period and, if not, then which of the shallower idle
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* states to choose instead of it.
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*
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* Of course, non-timer wakeup sources are more important in some use cases
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* which can be covered by taking a few most recent idle time intervals of the
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* CPU into account. However, even in that context it is not necessary to
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* consider idle duration values greater than the sleep length, because the
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* closest timer will ultimately wake up the CPU anyway unless it is woken up
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* earlier.
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*
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* Thus this governor estimates whether or not the prospective idle duration of
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* a CPU is likely to be significantly shorter than the sleep length and selects
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* an idle state for it accordingly.
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*
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* The computations carried out by this governor are based on using bins whose
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* boundaries are aligned with the target residency parameter values of the CPU
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* idle states provided by the %CPUIdle driver in the ascending order. That is,
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* the first bin spans from 0 up to, but not including, the target residency of
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* the second idle state (idle state 1), the second bin spans from the target
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* residency of idle state 1 up to, but not including, the target residency of
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* idle state 2, the third bin spans from the target residency of idle state 2
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* up to, but not including, the target residency of idle state 3 and so on.
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* The last bin spans from the target residency of the deepest idle state
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* supplied by the driver to infinity.
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*
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* Two metrics called "hits" and "intercepts" are associated with each bin.
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* They are updated every time before selecting an idle state for the given CPU
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* in accordance with what happened last time.
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*
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* The "hits" metric reflects the relative frequency of situations in which the
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* sleep length and the idle duration measured after CPU wakeup fall into the
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* same bin (that is, the CPU appears to wake up "on time" relative to the sleep
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* length). In turn, the "intercepts" metric reflects the relative frequency of
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* situations in which the measured idle duration is so much shorter than the
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* sleep length that the bin it falls into corresponds to an idle state
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* shallower than the one whose bin is fallen into by the sleep length (these
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* situations are referred to as "intercepts" below).
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*
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* In addition to the metrics described above, the governor counts recent
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* intercepts (that is, intercepts that have occurred during the last
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* %NR_RECENT invocations of it for the given CPU) for each bin.
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*
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* In order to select an idle state for a CPU, the governor takes the following
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* steps (modulo the possible latency constraint that must be taken into account
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* too):
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*
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* 1. Find the deepest CPU idle state whose target residency does not exceed
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* the current sleep length (the candidate idle state) and compute 3 sums as
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* follows:
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*
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* - The sum of the "hits" and "intercepts" metrics for the candidate state
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* and all of the deeper idle states (it represents the cases in which the
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* CPU was idle long enough to avoid being intercepted if the sleep length
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* had been equal to the current one).
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*
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* - The sum of the "intercepts" metrics for all of the idle states shallower
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* than the candidate one (it represents the cases in which the CPU was not
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* idle long enough to avoid being intercepted if the sleep length had been
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* equal to the current one).
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*
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* - The sum of the numbers of recent intercepts for all of the idle states
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* shallower than the candidate one.
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*
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* 2. If the second sum is greater than the first one or the third sum is
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* greater than %NR_RECENT / 2, the CPU is likely to wake up early, so look
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* for an alternative idle state to select.
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*
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* - Traverse the idle states shallower than the candidate one in the
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* descending order.
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*
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* - For each of them compute the sum of the "intercepts" metrics and the sum
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* of the numbers of recent intercepts over all of the idle states between
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* it and the candidate one (including the former and excluding the
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* latter).
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*
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* - If each of these sums that needs to be taken into account (because the
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* check related to it has indicated that the CPU is likely to wake up
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* early) is greater than a half of the corresponding sum computed in step
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* 1 (which means that the target residency of the state in question had
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* not exceeded the idle duration in over a half of the relevant cases),
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* select the given idle state instead of the candidate one.
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*
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* 3. By default, select the candidate state.
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*/
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#include <linux/cpuidle.h>
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#include <linux/jiffies.h>
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#include <linux/kernel.h>
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#include <linux/sched/clock.h>
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#include <linux/tick.h>
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/*
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* The PULSE value is added to metrics when they grow and the DECAY_SHIFT value
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* is used for decreasing metrics on a regular basis.
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*/
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#define PULSE 1024
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#define DECAY_SHIFT 3
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/*
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* Number of the most recent idle duration values to take into consideration for
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* the detection of recent early wakeup patterns.
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*/
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#define NR_RECENT 9
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/**
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* struct teo_bin - Metrics used by the TEO cpuidle governor.
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* @intercepts: The "intercepts" metric.
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* @hits: The "hits" metric.
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* @recent: The number of recent "intercepts".
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*/
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struct teo_bin {
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unsigned int intercepts;
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unsigned int hits;
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unsigned int recent;
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};
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/**
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* struct teo_cpu - CPU data used by the TEO cpuidle governor.
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* @time_span_ns: Time between idle state selection and post-wakeup update.
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* @sleep_length_ns: Time till the closest timer event (at the selection time).
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* @state_bins: Idle state data bins for this CPU.
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* @total: Grand total of the "intercepts" and "hits" mertics for all bins.
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* @next_recent_idx: Index of the next @recent_idx entry to update.
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* @recent_idx: Indices of bins corresponding to recent "intercepts".
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*/
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struct teo_cpu {
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s64 time_span_ns;
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s64 sleep_length_ns;
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struct teo_bin state_bins[CPUIDLE_STATE_MAX];
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unsigned int total;
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int next_recent_idx;
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int recent_idx[NR_RECENT];
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};
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static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct teo_cpu, teo_cpus);
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/**
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* teo_update - Update CPU metrics after wakeup.
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* @drv: cpuidle driver containing state data.
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* @dev: Target CPU.
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*/
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static void teo_update(struct cpuidle_driver *drv, struct cpuidle_device *dev)
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{
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struct teo_cpu *cpu_data = per_cpu_ptr(&teo_cpus, dev->cpu);
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int i, idx_timer = 0, idx_duration = 0;
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u64 measured_ns;
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if (cpu_data->time_span_ns >= cpu_data->sleep_length_ns) {
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/*
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* One of the safety nets has triggered or the wakeup was close
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* enough to the closest timer event expected at the idle state
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* selection time to be discarded.
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*/
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measured_ns = U64_MAX;
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} else {
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u64 lat_ns = drv->states[dev->last_state_idx].exit_latency_ns;
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/*
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* The computations below are to determine whether or not the
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* (saved) time till the next timer event and the measured idle
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* duration fall into the same "bin", so use last_residency_ns
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* for that instead of time_span_ns which includes the cpuidle
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* overhead.
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*/
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measured_ns = dev->last_residency_ns;
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/*
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* The delay between the wakeup and the first instruction
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* executed by the CPU is not likely to be worst-case every
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* time, so take 1/2 of the exit latency as a very rough
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* approximation of the average of it.
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*/
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if (measured_ns >= lat_ns)
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measured_ns -= lat_ns / 2;
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else
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measured_ns /= 2;
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}
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cpu_data->total = 0;
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/*
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* Decay the "hits" and "intercepts" metrics for all of the bins and
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* find the bins that the sleep length and the measured idle duration
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* fall into.
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*/
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for (i = 0; i < drv->state_count; i++) {
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s64 target_residency_ns = drv->states[i].target_residency_ns;
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struct teo_bin *bin = &cpu_data->state_bins[i];
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bin->hits -= bin->hits >> DECAY_SHIFT;
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bin->intercepts -= bin->intercepts >> DECAY_SHIFT;
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cpu_data->total += bin->hits + bin->intercepts;
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if (target_residency_ns <= cpu_data->sleep_length_ns) {
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idx_timer = i;
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if (target_residency_ns <= measured_ns)
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idx_duration = i;
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}
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}
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i = cpu_data->next_recent_idx++;
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if (cpu_data->next_recent_idx >= NR_RECENT)
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cpu_data->next_recent_idx = 0;
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if (cpu_data->recent_idx[i] >= 0)
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cpu_data->state_bins[cpu_data->recent_idx[i]].recent--;
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/*
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* If the measured idle duration falls into the same bin as the sleep
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* length, this is a "hit", so update the "hits" metric for that bin.
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* Otherwise, update the "intercepts" metric for the bin fallen into by
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* the measured idle duration.
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*/
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if (idx_timer == idx_duration) {
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cpu_data->state_bins[idx_timer].hits += PULSE;
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cpu_data->recent_idx[i] = -1;
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} else {
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cpu_data->state_bins[idx_duration].intercepts += PULSE;
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cpu_data->state_bins[idx_duration].recent++;
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cpu_data->recent_idx[i] = idx_duration;
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}
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cpu_data->total += PULSE;
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}
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static bool teo_time_ok(u64 interval_ns)
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{
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return !tick_nohz_tick_stopped() || interval_ns >= TICK_NSEC;
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}
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static s64 teo_middle_of_bin(int idx, struct cpuidle_driver *drv)
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{
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return (drv->states[idx].target_residency_ns +
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drv->states[idx+1].target_residency_ns) / 2;
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}
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/**
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* teo_find_shallower_state - Find shallower idle state matching given duration.
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* @drv: cpuidle driver containing state data.
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* @dev: Target CPU.
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* @state_idx: Index of the capping idle state.
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* @duration_ns: Idle duration value to match.
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*/
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static int teo_find_shallower_state(struct cpuidle_driver *drv,
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struct cpuidle_device *dev, int state_idx,
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s64 duration_ns)
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{
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int i;
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for (i = state_idx - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
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if (dev->states_usage[i].disable)
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continue;
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state_idx = i;
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if (drv->states[i].target_residency_ns <= duration_ns)
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break;
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}
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return state_idx;
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}
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/**
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* teo_select - Selects the next idle state to enter.
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* @drv: cpuidle driver containing state data.
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* @dev: Target CPU.
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* @stop_tick: Indication on whether or not to stop the scheduler tick.
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*/
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static int teo_select(struct cpuidle_driver *drv, struct cpuidle_device *dev,
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bool *stop_tick)
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{
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struct teo_cpu *cpu_data = per_cpu_ptr(&teo_cpus, dev->cpu);
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s64 latency_req = cpuidle_governor_latency_req(dev->cpu);
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unsigned int idx_intercept_sum = 0;
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unsigned int intercept_sum = 0;
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unsigned int idx_recent_sum = 0;
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unsigned int recent_sum = 0;
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unsigned int idx_hit_sum = 0;
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unsigned int hit_sum = 0;
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int constraint_idx = 0;
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int idx0 = 0, idx = -1;
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bool alt_intercepts, alt_recent;
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ktime_t delta_tick;
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s64 duration_ns;
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int i;
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if (dev->last_state_idx >= 0) {
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teo_update(drv, dev);
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dev->last_state_idx = -1;
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}
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cpu_data->time_span_ns = local_clock();
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duration_ns = tick_nohz_get_sleep_length(&delta_tick);
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cpu_data->sleep_length_ns = duration_ns;
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/* Check if there is any choice in the first place. */
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if (drv->state_count < 2) {
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idx = 0;
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goto end;
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}
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if (!dev->states_usage[0].disable) {
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idx = 0;
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if (drv->states[1].target_residency_ns > duration_ns)
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goto end;
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}
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/*
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* Find the deepest idle state whose target residency does not exceed
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* the current sleep length and the deepest idle state not deeper than
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* the former whose exit latency does not exceed the current latency
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* constraint. Compute the sums of metrics for early wakeup pattern
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* detection.
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*/
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for (i = 1; i < drv->state_count; i++) {
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struct teo_bin *prev_bin = &cpu_data->state_bins[i-1];
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struct cpuidle_state *s = &drv->states[i];
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/*
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* Update the sums of idle state mertics for all of the states
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* shallower than the current one.
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*/
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intercept_sum += prev_bin->intercepts;
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hit_sum += prev_bin->hits;
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recent_sum += prev_bin->recent;
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if (dev->states_usage[i].disable)
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continue;
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if (idx < 0) {
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idx = i; /* first enabled state */
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idx0 = i;
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}
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if (s->target_residency_ns > duration_ns)
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break;
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idx = i;
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if (s->exit_latency_ns <= latency_req)
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constraint_idx = i;
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idx_intercept_sum = intercept_sum;
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idx_hit_sum = hit_sum;
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idx_recent_sum = recent_sum;
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}
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/* Avoid unnecessary overhead. */
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if (idx < 0) {
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idx = 0; /* No states enabled, must use 0. */
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goto end;
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} else if (idx == idx0) {
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goto end;
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}
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/*
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* If the sum of the intercepts metric for all of the idle states
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* shallower than the current candidate one (idx) is greater than the
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* sum of the intercepts and hits metrics for the candidate state and
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* all of the deeper states, or the sum of the numbers of recent
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* intercepts over all of the states shallower than the candidate one
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* is greater than a half of the number of recent events taken into
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* account, the CPU is likely to wake up early, so find an alternative
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* idle state to select.
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*/
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alt_intercepts = 2 * idx_intercept_sum > cpu_data->total - idx_hit_sum;
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alt_recent = idx_recent_sum > NR_RECENT / 2;
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if (alt_recent || alt_intercepts) {
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s64 first_suitable_span_ns = duration_ns;
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int first_suitable_idx = idx;
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/*
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* Look for the deepest idle state whose target residency had
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* not exceeded the idle duration in over a half of the relevant
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* cases (both with respect to intercepts overall and with
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* respect to the recent intercepts only) in the past.
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*
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* Take the possible latency constraint and duration limitation
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* present if the tick has been stopped already into account.
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*/
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intercept_sum = 0;
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recent_sum = 0;
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for (i = idx - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
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struct teo_bin *bin = &cpu_data->state_bins[i];
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s64 span_ns;
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intercept_sum += bin->intercepts;
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recent_sum += bin->recent;
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span_ns = teo_middle_of_bin(i, drv);
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if ((!alt_recent || 2 * recent_sum > idx_recent_sum) &&
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(!alt_intercepts ||
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2 * intercept_sum > idx_intercept_sum)) {
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if (teo_time_ok(span_ns) &&
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!dev->states_usage[i].disable) {
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idx = i;
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duration_ns = span_ns;
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} else {
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/*
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* The current state is too shallow or
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* disabled, so take the first enabled
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* deeper state with suitable time span.
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*/
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idx = first_suitable_idx;
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duration_ns = first_suitable_span_ns;
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}
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break;
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}
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if (dev->states_usage[i].disable)
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continue;
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if (!teo_time_ok(span_ns)) {
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/*
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* The current state is too shallow, but if an
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* alternative candidate state has been found,
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* it may still turn out to be a better choice.
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*/
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if (first_suitable_idx != idx)
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continue;
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break;
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}
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first_suitable_span_ns = span_ns;
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first_suitable_idx = i;
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}
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}
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/*
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* If there is a latency constraint, it may be necessary to select an
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* idle state shallower than the current candidate one.
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*/
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if (idx > constraint_idx)
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idx = constraint_idx;
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end:
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/*
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* Don't stop the tick if the selected state is a polling one or if the
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* expected idle duration is shorter than the tick period length.
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*/
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if (((drv->states[idx].flags & CPUIDLE_FLAG_POLLING) ||
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duration_ns < TICK_NSEC) && !tick_nohz_tick_stopped()) {
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*stop_tick = false;
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/*
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* The tick is not going to be stopped, so if the target
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* residency of the state to be returned is not within the time
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* till the closest timer including the tick, try to correct
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* that.
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*/
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if (idx > idx0 &&
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drv->states[idx].target_residency_ns > delta_tick)
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idx = teo_find_shallower_state(drv, dev, idx, delta_tick);
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}
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return idx;
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}
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/**
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* teo_reflect - Note that governor data for the CPU need to be updated.
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* @dev: Target CPU.
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* @state: Entered state.
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*/
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static void teo_reflect(struct cpuidle_device *dev, int state)
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{
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struct teo_cpu *cpu_data = per_cpu_ptr(&teo_cpus, dev->cpu);
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dev->last_state_idx = state;
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/*
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* If the wakeup was not "natural", but triggered by one of the safety
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* nets, assume that the CPU might have been idle for the entire sleep
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* length time.
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*/
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if (dev->poll_time_limit ||
|
|
(tick_nohz_idle_got_tick() && cpu_data->sleep_length_ns > TICK_NSEC)) {
|
|
dev->poll_time_limit = false;
|
|
cpu_data->time_span_ns = cpu_data->sleep_length_ns;
|
|
} else {
|
|
cpu_data->time_span_ns = local_clock() - cpu_data->time_span_ns;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
* teo_enable_device - Initialize the governor's data for the target CPU.
|
|
* @drv: cpuidle driver (not used).
|
|
* @dev: Target CPU.
|
|
*/
|
|
static int teo_enable_device(struct cpuidle_driver *drv,
|
|
struct cpuidle_device *dev)
|
|
{
|
|
struct teo_cpu *cpu_data = per_cpu_ptr(&teo_cpus, dev->cpu);
|
|
int i;
|
|
|
|
memset(cpu_data, 0, sizeof(*cpu_data));
|
|
|
|
for (i = 0; i < NR_RECENT; i++)
|
|
cpu_data->recent_idx[i] = -1;
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static struct cpuidle_governor teo_governor = {
|
|
.name = "teo",
|
|
.rating = 19,
|
|
.enable = teo_enable_device,
|
|
.select = teo_select,
|
|
.reflect = teo_reflect,
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
static int __init teo_governor_init(void)
|
|
{
|
|
return cpuidle_register_governor(&teo_governor);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
postcore_initcall(teo_governor_init);
|