WSL2-Linux-Kernel/Documentation/timers/hpet.txt

		High Precision Event Timer Driver for Linux

The High Precision Event Timer (HPET) hardware follows a specification
by Intel and Microsoft which can be found at

	http://www.intel.com/technology/architecture/hpetspec.htm

Each HPET has one fixed-rate counter (at 10+ MHz, hence "High Precision")
and up to 32 comparators.  Normally three or more comparators are provided,
each of which can generate oneshot interupts and at least one of which has
additional hardware to support periodic interrupts.  The comparators are
also called "timers", which can be misleading since usually timers are
independent of each other ... these share a counter, complicating resets.

HPET devices can support two interrupt routing modes.  In one mode, the
comparators are additional interrupt sources with no particular system
role.  Many x86 BIOS writers don't route HPET interrupts at all, which
prevents use of that mode.  They support the other "legacy replacement"
mode where the first two comparators block interrupts from 8254 timers
and from the RTC.

The driver supports detection of HPET driver allocation and initialization
of the HPET before the driver module_init routine is called.  This enables
platform code which uses timer 0 or 1 as the main timer to intercept HPET
initialization.  An example of this initialization can be found in
arch/x86/kernel/hpet.c.

The driver provides a userspace API which resembles the API found in the
RTC driver framework.  An example user space program is provided below.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <memory.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <linux/hpet.h>


extern void hpet_open_close(int, const char **);
extern void hpet_info(int, const char **);
extern void hpet_poll(int, const char **);
extern void hpet_fasync(int, const char **);
extern void hpet_read(int, const char **);

#include <sys/poll.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <signal.h>

struct hpet_command {
	char		*command;
	void		(*func)(int argc, const char ** argv);
} hpet_command[] = {
	{
		"open-close",
		hpet_open_close
	},
	{
		"info",
		hpet_info
	},
	{
		"poll",
		hpet_poll
	},
	{
		"fasync",
		hpet_fasync
	},
};

int
main(int argc, const char ** argv)
{
	int	i;

	argc--;
	argv++;

	if (!argc) {
		fprintf(stderr, "-hpet: requires command\n");
		return -1;
	}


	for (i = 0; i < (sizeof (hpet_command) / sizeof (hpet_command[0])); i++)
		if (!strcmp(argv[0], hpet_command[i].command)) {
			argc--;
			argv++;
			fprintf(stderr, "-hpet: executing %s\n",
				hpet_command[i].command);
			hpet_command[i].func(argc, argv);
			return 0;
		}

	fprintf(stderr, "do_hpet: command %s not implemented\n", argv[0]);

	return -1;
}

void
hpet_open_close(int argc, const char **argv)
{
	int	fd;

	if (argc != 1) {
		fprintf(stderr, "hpet_open_close: device-name\n");
		return;
	}

	fd = open(argv[0], O_RDONLY);
	if (fd < 0)
		fprintf(stderr, "hpet_open_close: open failed\n");
	else
		close(fd);

	return;
}

void
hpet_info(int argc, const char **argv)
{
}

void
hpet_poll(int argc, const char **argv)
{
	unsigned long		freq;
	int			iterations, i, fd;
	struct pollfd		pfd;
	struct hpet_info	info;
	struct timeval		stv, etv;
	struct timezone		tz;
	long			usec;

	if (argc != 3) {
		fprintf(stderr, "hpet_poll: device-name freq iterations\n");
		return;
	}

	freq = atoi(argv[1]);
	iterations = atoi(argv[2]);

	fd = open(argv[0], O_RDONLY);

	if (fd < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "hpet_poll: open of %s failed\n", argv[0]);
		return;
	}

	if (ioctl(fd, HPET_IRQFREQ, freq) < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "hpet_poll: HPET_IRQFREQ failed\n");
		goto out;
	}

	if (ioctl(fd, HPET_INFO, &info) < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "hpet_poll: failed to get info\n");
		goto out;
	}

	fprintf(stderr, "hpet_poll: info.hi_flags 0x%lx\n", info.hi_flags);

	if (info.hi_flags && (ioctl(fd, HPET_EPI, 0) < 0)) {
		fprintf(stderr, "hpet_poll: HPET_EPI failed\n");
		goto out;
	}

	if (ioctl(fd, HPET_IE_ON, 0) < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "hpet_poll, HPET_IE_ON failed\n");
		goto out;
	}

	pfd.fd = fd;
	pfd.events = POLLIN;

	for (i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
		pfd.revents = 0;
		gettimeofday(&stv, &tz);
		if (poll(&pfd, 1, -1) < 0)
			fprintf(stderr, "hpet_poll: poll failed\n");
		else {
			long 	data;

			gettimeofday(&etv, &tz);
			usec = stv.tv_sec * 1000000 + stv.tv_usec;
			usec = (etv.tv_sec * 1000000 + etv.tv_usec) - usec;

			fprintf(stderr,
				"hpet_poll: expired time = 0x%lx\n", usec);

			fprintf(stderr, "hpet_poll: revents = 0x%x\n",
				pfd.revents);

			if (read(fd, &data, sizeof(data)) != sizeof(data)) {
				fprintf(stderr, "hpet_poll: read failed\n");
			}
			else
				fprintf(stderr, "hpet_poll: data 0x%lx\n",
					data);
		}
	}

out:
	close(fd);
	return;
}

static int hpet_sigio_count;

static void
hpet_sigio(int val)
{
	fprintf(stderr, "hpet_sigio: called\n");
	hpet_sigio_count++;
}

void
hpet_fasync(int argc, const char **argv)
{
	unsigned long		freq;
	int			iterations, i, fd, value;
	sig_t			oldsig;
	struct hpet_info	info;

	hpet_sigio_count = 0;
	fd = -1;

	if ((oldsig = signal(SIGIO, hpet_sigio)) == SIG_ERR) {
		fprintf(stderr, "hpet_fasync: failed to set signal handler\n");
		return;
	}

	if (argc != 3) {
		fprintf(stderr, "hpet_fasync: device-name freq iterations\n");
		goto out;
	}

	fd = open(argv[0], O_RDONLY);

	if (fd < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "hpet_fasync: failed to open %s\n", argv[0]);
		return;
	}


	if ((fcntl(fd, F_SETOWN, getpid()) == 1) ||
		((value = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL)) == 1) ||
		(fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, value | O_ASYNC) == 1)) {
		fprintf(stderr, "hpet_fasync: fcntl failed\n");
		goto out;
	}

	freq = atoi(argv[1]);
	iterations = atoi(argv[2]);

	if (ioctl(fd, HPET_IRQFREQ, freq) < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "hpet_fasync: HPET_IRQFREQ failed\n");
		goto out;
	}

	if (ioctl(fd, HPET_INFO, &info) < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "hpet_fasync: failed to get info\n");
		goto out;
	}

	fprintf(stderr, "hpet_fasync: info.hi_flags 0x%lx\n", info.hi_flags);

	if (info.hi_flags && (ioctl(fd, HPET_EPI, 0) < 0)) {
		fprintf(stderr, "hpet_fasync: HPET_EPI failed\n");
		goto out;
	}

	if (ioctl(fd, HPET_IE_ON, 0) < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "hpet_fasync, HPET_IE_ON failed\n");
		goto out;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
		(void) pause();
		fprintf(stderr, "hpet_fasync: count = %d\n", hpet_sigio_count);
	}

out:
	signal(SIGIO, oldsig);

	if (fd >= 0)
		close(fd);

	return;
}