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The source for the Linux kernel used in Windows Subsystem for Linux 2 (WSL2)
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Daniel Borkmann e0cea7ce98 bpf: implement ld_abs/ld_ind in native bpf 
The main part of this work is to finally allow removal of LD_ABS
and LD_IND from the BPF core by reimplementing them through native
eBPF instead. Both LD_ABS/LD_IND were carried over from cBPF and
keeping them around in native eBPF caused way more trouble than
actually worth it. To just list some of the security issues in
the past:

  * fdfaf64e75 ("x86: bpf_jit: support negative offsets")
  * 35607b02db ("sparc: bpf_jit: fix loads from negative offsets")
  * e0ee9c1215 ("x86: bpf_jit: fix two bugs in eBPF JIT compiler")
  * 07aee94394 ("bpf, sparc: fix usage of wrong reg for load_skb_regs after call")
  * 6d59b7dbf7 ("bpf, s390x: do not reload skb pointers in non-skb context")
  * 87338c8e2c ("bpf, ppc64: do not reload skb pointers in non-skb context")

For programs in native eBPF, LD_ABS/LD_IND are pretty much legacy
these days due to their limitations and more efficient/flexible
alternatives that have been developed over time such as direct
packet access. LD_ABS/LD_IND only cover 1/2/4 byte loads into a
register, the load happens in host endianness and its exception
handling can yield unexpected behavior. The latter is explained
in depth in f6b1b3bf0d ("bpf: fix subprog verifier bypass by
div/mod by 0 exception") with similar cases of exceptions we had.
In native eBPF more recent program types will disable LD_ABS/LD_IND
altogether through may_access_skb() in verifier, and given the
limitations in terms of exception handling, it's also disabled
in programs that use BPF to BPF calls.

In terms of cBPF, the LD_ABS/LD_IND is used in networking programs
to access packet data. It is not used in seccomp-BPF but programs
that use it for socket filtering or reuseport for demuxing with
cBPF. This is mostly relevant for applications that have not yet
migrated to native eBPF.

The main complexity and source of bugs in LD_ABS/LD_IND is coming
from their implementation in the various JITs. Most of them keep
the model around from cBPF times by implementing a fastpath written
in asm. They use typically two from the BPF program hidden CPU
registers for caching the skb's headlen (skb->len - skb->data_len)
and skb->data. Throughout the JIT phase this requires to keep track
whether LD_ABS/LD_IND are used and if so, the two registers need
to be recached each time a BPF helper would change the underlying
packet data in native eBPF case. At least in eBPF case, available
CPU registers are rare and the additional exit path out of the
asm written JIT helper makes it also inflexible since not all
parts of the JITer are in control from plain C. A LD_ABS/LD_IND
implementation in eBPF therefore allows to significantly reduce
the complexity in JITs with comparable performance results for
them, e.g.:

test_bpf             tcpdump port 22             tcpdump complex
x64      - before    15 21 10                    14 19  18
         - after      7 10 10                     7 10  15
arm64    - before    40 91 92                    40 91 151
         - after     51 64 73                    51 62 113

For cBPF we now track any usage of LD_ABS/LD_IND in bpf_convert_filter()
and cache the skb's headlen and data in the cBPF prologue. The
BPF_REG_TMP gets remapped from R8 to R2 since it's mainly just
used as a local temporary variable. This allows to shrink the
image on x86_64 also for seccomp programs slightly since mapping
to %rsi is not an ereg. In callee-saved R8 and R9 we now track
skb data and headlen, respectively. For normal prologue emission
in the JITs this does not add any extra instructions since R8, R9
are pushed to stack in any case from eBPF side. cBPF uses the
convert_bpf_ld_abs() emitter which probes the fast path inline
already and falls back to bpf_skb_load_helper_{8,16,32}() helper
relying on the cached skb data and headlen as well. R8 and R9
never need to be reloaded due to bpf_helper_changes_pkt_data()
since all skb access in cBPF is read-only. Then, for the case
of native eBPF, we use the bpf_gen_ld_abs() emitter, which calls
the bpf_skb_load_helper_{8,16,32}_no_cache() helper unconditionally,
does neither cache skb data and headlen nor has an inlined fast
path. The reason for the latter is that native eBPF does not have
any extra registers available anyway, but even if there were, it
avoids any reload of skb data and headlen in the first place.
Additionally, for the negative offsets, we provide an alternative
bpf_skb_load_bytes_relative() helper in eBPF which operates
similarly as bpf_skb_load_bytes() and allows for more flexibility.
Tested myself on x64, arm64, s390x, from Sandipan on ppc64.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
 		2018-05-03 16:49:19 -07:00
Documentation samples/bpf: sample application and documentation for AF_XDP sockets 2018-05-03 15:55:25 -07:00
LICENSES LICENSES: Add MPL-1.1 license 2018-01-06 10:59:44 -07:00
arch bpf, x86_32: add eBPF JIT compiler for ia32 2018-05-03 18:15:25 +02:00
block blk-mq: Revert "blk-mq: reimplement blk_mq_hw_queue_mapped" 2018-04-11 07:59:15 -06:00
certs certs/blacklist_nohashes.c: fix const confusion in certs blacklist 2018-02-21 15:35:43 -08:00
crypto Kbuild updates for v4.17 (2nd) 2018-04-15 17:21:30 -07:00
drivers Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf-next 2018-04-26 21:19:50 -04:00
firmware kbuild: remove all dummy assignments to obj- 2017-11-18 11:46:06 +09:00
fs various SMB3/CIFS fixes for stable 4.17-rc1 2018-04-22 12:13:04 -07:00
include bpf: implement ld_abs/ld_ind in native bpf 2018-05-03 16:49:19 -07:00
init Merge branch 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip 2018-04-15 16:12:35 -07:00
ipc ipc/shm: fix use-after-free of shm file via remap_file_pages() 2018-04-13 17:10:27 -07:00
kernel bpf: implement ld_abs/ld_ind in native bpf 2018-05-03 16:49:19 -07:00
lib bpf: migrate ebpf ld_abs/ld_ind tests to test_verifier 2018-05-03 16:49:19 -07:00
mm mm/filemap.c: fix NULL pointer in page_cache_tree_insert() 2018-04-20 17:18:36 -07:00
net bpf: implement ld_abs/ld_ind in native bpf 2018-05-03 16:49:19 -07:00
samples samples/bpf: sample application and documentation for AF_XDP sockets 2018-05-03 15:55:25 -07:00
scripts bpf: relax constraints on formatting for eBPF helper documentation 2018-05-02 17:46:50 +02:00
security net: initial AF_XDP skeleton 2018-05-03 15:55:23 -07:00
sound sound fixes for 4.17-rc2 2018-04-21 10:32:16 -07:00
tools bpf: migrate ebpf ld_abs/ld_ind tests to test_verifier 2018-05-03 16:49:19 -07:00
usr kbuild: rename built-in.o to built-in.a 2018-03-26 02:01:19 +09:00
virt KVM/ARM updates for v4.17 2018-03-28 16:09:09 +02:00
.clang-format clang-format: add configuration file 2018-04-11 10:28:35 -07:00
.cocciconfig
…
.get_maintainer.ignore
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.gitattributes .gitattributes: set git diff driver for C source code files 2016-10-07 18:46:30 -07:00
.gitignore Kbuild updates for v4.17 (2nd) 2018-04-15 17:21:30 -07:00
.mailmap Merge candidates for 4.17 merge window 2018-04-06 17:35:43 -07:00
COPYING COPYING: use the new text with points to the license files 2018-03-23 12:41:45 -06:00
CREDITS MAINTAINERS/CREDITS: Drop METAG ARCHITECTURE 2018-03-05 16:34:24 +00:00
Kbuild Kbuild updates for v4.15 2017-11-17 17:45:29 -08:00
Kconfig License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
MAINTAINERS net: initial AF_XDP skeleton 2018-05-03 15:55:23 -07:00
Makefile Linux 4.17-rc2 2018-04-22 19:20:09 -07:00
README Docs: Added a pointer to the formatted docs to README 2018-03-21 09:02:53 -06:00

README 

Linux kernel
============

There are several guides for kernel developers and users. These guides can
be rendered in a number of formats, like HTML and PDF. Please read
Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst first.

In order to build the documentation, use ``make htmldocs`` or
``make pdfdocs``.  The formatted documentation can also be read online at:

    https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/

There are various text files in the Documentation/ subdirectory,
several of them using the Restructured Text markup notation.
See Documentation/00-INDEX for a list of what is contained in each file.

Please read the Documentation/process/changes.rst file, as it contains the
requirements for building and running the kernel, and information about
the problems which may result by upgrading your kernel.