73 строки
2.8 KiB
ReStructuredText
73 строки
2.8 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
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==========================
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File Locking Release Notes
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==========================
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Andy Walker <andy@lysaker.kvaerner.no>
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12 May 1997
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1. What's New?
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==============
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1.1 Broken Flock Emulation
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--------------------------
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The old flock(2) emulation in the kernel was swapped for proper BSD
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compatible flock(2) support in the 1.3.x series of kernels. With the
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release of the 2.1.x kernel series, support for the old emulation has
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been totally removed, so that we don't need to carry this baggage
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forever.
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This should not cause problems for anybody, since everybody using a
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2.1.x kernel should have updated their C library to a suitable version
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anyway (see the file "Documentation/process/changes.rst".)
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1.2 Allow Mixed Locks Again
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---------------------------
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1.2.1 Typical Problems - Sendmail
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Because sendmail was unable to use the old flock() emulation, many sendmail
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installations use fcntl() instead of flock(). This is true of Slackware 3.0
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for example. This gave rise to some other subtle problems if sendmail was
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configured to rebuild the alias file. Sendmail tried to lock the aliases.dir
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file with fcntl() at the same time as the GDBM routines tried to lock this
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file with flock(). With pre 1.3.96 kernels this could result in deadlocks that,
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over time, or under a very heavy mail load, would eventually cause the kernel
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to lock solid with deadlocked processes.
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1.2.2 The Solution
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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The solution I have chosen, after much experimentation and discussion,
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is to make flock() and fcntl() locks oblivious to each other. Both can
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exists, and neither will have any effect on the other.
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I wanted the two lock styles to be cooperative, but there were so many
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race and deadlock conditions that the current solution was the only
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practical one. It puts us in the same position as, for example, SunOS
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4.1.x and several other commercial Unices. The only OS's that support
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cooperative flock()/fcntl() are those that emulate flock() using
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fcntl(), with all the problems that implies.
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1.3 Mandatory Locking As A Mount Option
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---------------------------------------
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Mandatory locking, as described in
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'Documentation/filesystems/mandatory-locking.rst' was prior to this release a
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general configuration option that was valid for all mounted filesystems. This
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had a number of inherent dangers, not the least of which was the ability to
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freeze an NFS server by asking it to read a file for which a mandatory lock
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existed.
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From this release of the kernel, mandatory locking can be turned on and off
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on a per-filesystem basis, using the mount options 'mand' and 'nomand'.
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The default is to disallow mandatory locking. The intention is that
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mandatory locking only be enabled on a local filesystem as the specific need
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arises.
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