eoie: add End of Index Entry (EOIE) extension

The End of Index Entry (EOIE) is used to locate the end of the variable
length index entries and the beginning of the extensions. Code can take
advantage of this to quickly locate the index extensions without having
to parse through all of the index entries.

The EOIE extension is always written out to the index file including to
the shared index when using the split index feature. Because it is always
written out, the SHA checksums in t/t1700-split-index.sh were updated
to reflect its inclusion.

It is written as an optional extension to ensure compatibility with other
git implementations that do not yet support it.  It is always written out
to ensure it is available as often as possible to speed up index operations.

Because it must be able to be loaded before the variable length cache
entries and other index extensions, this extension must be written last.
The signature for this extension is { 'E', 'O', 'I', 'E' }.

The extension consists of:

- 32-bit offset to the end of the index entries

- 160-bit SHA-1 over the extension types and their sizes (but not
their contents).  E.g. if we have "TREE" extension that is N-bytes
long, "REUC" extension that is M-bytes long, followed by "EOIE",
then the hash would be:

SHA-1("TREE" + <binary representation of N> +
    "REUC" + <binary representation of M>)

Signed-off-by: Ben Peart <benpeart@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Documentation/technical/index-format.txt

@@ -314,3 +314,26 @@ The remaining data of each directory block is grouped by type:
 
   - An ewah bitmap, the n-th bit indicates whether the n-th index entry
     is not CE_FSMONITOR_VALID.
+
+== End of Index Entry
+
+  The End of Index Entry (EOIE) is used to locate the end of the variable
+  length index entries and the begining of the extensions. Code can take
+  advantage of this to quickly locate the index extensions without having
+  to parse through all of the index entries.
+
+  Because it must be able to be loaded before the variable length cache
+  entries and other index extensions, this extension must be written last.
+  The signature for this extension is { 'E', 'O', 'I', 'E' }.
+
+  The extension consists of:
+
+  - 32-bit offset to the end of the index entries
+
+  - 160-bit SHA-1 over the extension types and their sizes (but not
+	their contents).  E.g. if we have "TREE" extension that is N-bytes
+	long, "REUC" extension that is M-bytes long, followed by "EOIE",
+	then the hash would be:
+
+	SHA-1("TREE" + <binary representation of N> +
+		"REUC" + <binary representation of M>)

read-cache.c

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 #define CACHE_EXT_LINK 0x6c696e6b	  /* "link" */
 #define CACHE_EXT_UNTRACKED 0x554E5452	  /* "UNTR" */
 #define CACHE_EXT_FSMONITOR 0x46534D4E	  /* "FSMN" */
+#define CACHE_EXT_ENDOFINDEXENTRIES 0x454F4945	/* "EOIE" */
 
 /* changes that can be kept in $GIT_DIR/index (basically all extensions) */
 #define EXTMASK (RESOLVE_UNDO_CHANGED | CACHE_TREE_CHANGED | \
@@ -1693,6 +1694,9 @@ static int read_index_extension(struct index_state *istate,
 	case CACHE_EXT_FSMONITOR:
 		read_fsmonitor_extension(istate, data, sz);
 		break;
+	case CACHE_EXT_ENDOFINDEXENTRIES:
+		/* already handled in do_read_index() */
+		break;
 	default:
 		if (*ext < 'A' || 'Z' < *ext)
 			return error("index uses %.4s extension, which we do not understand",
@@ -1883,6 +1887,9 @@ static size_t estimate_cache_size(size_t ondisk_size, unsigned int entries)
 	return ondisk_size + entries * per_entry;
 }
 
+static size_t read_eoie_extension(const char *mmap, size_t mmap_size);
+static void write_eoie_extension(struct strbuf *sb, git_hash_ctx *eoie_context, size_t offset);
+
 /* remember to discard_cache() before reading a different cache! */
 int do_read_index(struct index_state *istate, const char *path, int must_exist)
 {
@@ -2190,11 +2197,15 @@ static int ce_write(git_hash_ctx *context, int fd, void *data, unsigned int len)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int write_index_ext_header(git_hash_ctx *context, int fd,
-				  unsigned int ext, unsigned int sz)
+static int write_index_ext_header(git_hash_ctx *context, git_hash_ctx *eoie_context,
+				  int fd, unsigned int ext, unsigned int sz)
 {
 	ext = htonl(ext);
 	sz = htonl(sz);
+	if (eoie_context) {
+		the_hash_algo->update_fn(eoie_context, &ext, 4);
+		the_hash_algo->update_fn(eoie_context, &sz, 4);
+	}
 	return ((ce_write(context, fd, &ext, 4) < 0) ||
 		(ce_write(context, fd, &sz, 4) < 0)) ? -1 : 0;
 }
@@ -2437,7 +2448,7 @@ static int do_write_index(struct index_state *istate, struct tempfile *tempfile,
 {
 	uint64_t start = getnanotime();
 	int newfd = tempfile->fd;
-	git_hash_ctx c;
+	git_hash_ctx c, eoie_c;
 	struct cache_header hdr;
 	int i, err = 0, removed, extended, hdr_version;
 	struct cache_entry **cache = istate->cache;
@@ -2446,6 +2457,7 @@ static int do_write_index(struct index_state *istate, struct tempfile *tempfile,
 	struct ondisk_cache_entry_extended ondisk;
 	struct strbuf previous_name_buf = STRBUF_INIT, *previous_name;
 	int drop_cache_tree = istate->drop_cache_tree;
+	off_t offset;
 
 	for (i = removed = extended = 0; i < entries; i++) {
 		if (cache[i]->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE)
@@ -2479,6 +2491,10 @@ static int do_write_index(struct index_state *istate, struct tempfile *tempfile,
 	if (ce_write(&c, newfd, &hdr, sizeof(hdr)) < 0)
 		return -1;
 
+	offset = lseek(newfd, 0, SEEK_CUR);
+	if (offset < 0)
+		return -1;
+	offset += write_buffer_len;
 	previous_name = (hdr_version == 4) ? &previous_name_buf : NULL;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
@@ -2512,11 +2528,17 @@ static int do_write_index(struct index_state *istate, struct tempfile *tempfile,
 		return err;
 
 	/* Write extension data here */
+	offset = lseek(newfd, 0, SEEK_CUR);
+	if (offset < 0)
+		return -1;
+	offset += write_buffer_len;
+	the_hash_algo->init_fn(&eoie_c);
+
 	if (!strip_extensions && istate->split_index) {
 		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 		err = write_link_extension(&sb, istate) < 0 ||
-			write_index_ext_header(&c, newfd, CACHE_EXT_LINK,
+			write_index_ext_header(&c, &eoie_c, newfd, CACHE_EXT_LINK,
 					       sb.len) < 0 ||
 			ce_write(&c, newfd, sb.buf, sb.len) < 0;
 		strbuf_release(&sb);
@@ -2527,7 +2549,7 @@ static int do_write_index(struct index_state *istate, struct tempfile *tempfile,
 		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 		cache_tree_write(&sb, istate->cache_tree);
-		err = write_index_ext_header(&c, newfd, CACHE_EXT_TREE, sb.len) < 0
+		err = write_index_ext_header(&c, &eoie_c, newfd, CACHE_EXT_TREE, sb.len) < 0
 			|| ce_write(&c, newfd, sb.buf, sb.len) < 0;
 		strbuf_release(&sb);
 		if (err)
@@ -2537,7 +2559,7 @@ static int do_write_index(struct index_state *istate, struct tempfile *tempfile,
 		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 		resolve_undo_write(&sb, istate->resolve_undo);
-		err = write_index_ext_header(&c, newfd, CACHE_EXT_RESOLVE_UNDO,
+		err = write_index_ext_header(&c, &eoie_c, newfd, CACHE_EXT_RESOLVE_UNDO,
 					     sb.len) < 0
 			|| ce_write(&c, newfd, sb.buf, sb.len) < 0;
 		strbuf_release(&sb);
@@ -2548,7 +2570,7 @@ static int do_write_index(struct index_state *istate, struct tempfile *tempfile,
 		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 		write_untracked_extension(&sb, istate->untracked);
-		err = write_index_ext_header(&c, newfd, CACHE_EXT_UNTRACKED,
+		err = write_index_ext_header(&c, &eoie_c, newfd, CACHE_EXT_UNTRACKED,
 					     sb.len) < 0 ||
 			ce_write(&c, newfd, sb.buf, sb.len) < 0;
 		strbuf_release(&sb);
@@ -2559,7 +2581,24 @@ static int do_write_index(struct index_state *istate, struct tempfile *tempfile,
 		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 		write_fsmonitor_extension(&sb, istate);
-		err = write_index_ext_header(&c, newfd, CACHE_EXT_FSMONITOR, sb.len) < 0
+		err = write_index_ext_header(&c, &eoie_c, newfd, CACHE_EXT_FSMONITOR, sb.len) < 0
+			|| ce_write(&c, newfd, sb.buf, sb.len) < 0;
+		strbuf_release(&sb);
+		if (err)
+			return -1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * CACHE_EXT_ENDOFINDEXENTRIES must be written as the last entry before the SHA1
+	 * so that it can be found and processed before all the index entries are
+	 * read.  Write it out regardless of the strip_extensions parameter as we need it
+	 * when loading the shared index.
+	 */
+	if (offset) {
+		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		write_eoie_extension(&sb, &eoie_c, offset);
+		err = write_index_ext_header(&c, NULL, newfd, CACHE_EXT_ENDOFINDEXENTRIES, sb.len) < 0
 			|| ce_write(&c, newfd, sb.buf, sb.len) < 0;
 		strbuf_release(&sb);
 		if (err)
@@ -2975,3 +3014,106 @@ int should_validate_cache_entries(void)
 
 	return validate_index_cache_entries;
 }
+
+#define EOIE_SIZE (4 + GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ) /* <4-byte offset> + <20-byte hash> */
+#define EOIE_SIZE_WITH_HEADER (4 + 4 + EOIE_SIZE) /* <4-byte signature> + <4-byte length> + EOIE_SIZE */
+
+static size_t read_eoie_extension(const char *mmap, size_t mmap_size)
+{
+	/*
+	 * The end of index entries (EOIE) extension is guaranteed to be last
+	 * so that it can be found by scanning backwards from the EOF.
+	 *
+	 * "EOIE"
+	 * <4-byte length>
+	 * <4-byte offset>
+	 * <20-byte hash>
+	 */
+	const char *index, *eoie;
+	uint32_t extsize;
+	size_t offset, src_offset;
+	unsigned char hash[GIT_MAX_RAWSZ];
+	git_hash_ctx c;
+
+	/* ensure we have an index big enough to contain an EOIE extension */
+	if (mmap_size < sizeof(struct cache_header) + EOIE_SIZE_WITH_HEADER + the_hash_algo->rawsz)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* validate the extension signature */
+	index = eoie = mmap + mmap_size - EOIE_SIZE_WITH_HEADER - the_hash_algo->rawsz;
+	if (CACHE_EXT(index) != CACHE_EXT_ENDOFINDEXENTRIES)
+		return 0;
+	index += sizeof(uint32_t);
+
+	/* validate the extension size */
+	extsize = get_be32(index);
+	if (extsize != EOIE_SIZE)
+		return 0;
+	index += sizeof(uint32_t);
+
+	/*
+	 * Validate the offset we're going to look for the first extension
+	 * signature is after the index header and before the eoie extension.
+	 */
+	offset = get_be32(index);
+	if (mmap + offset < mmap + sizeof(struct cache_header))
+		return 0;
+	if (mmap + offset >= eoie)
+		return 0;
+	index += sizeof(uint32_t);
+
+	/*
+	 * The hash is computed over extension types and their sizes (but not
+	 * their contents).  E.g. if we have "TREE" extension that is N-bytes
+	 * long, "REUC" extension that is M-bytes long, followed by "EOIE",
+	 * then the hash would be:
+	 *
+	 * SHA-1("TREE" + <binary representation of N> +
+	 *	 "REUC" + <binary representation of M>)
+	 */
+	src_offset = offset;
+	the_hash_algo->init_fn(&c);
+	while (src_offset < mmap_size - the_hash_algo->rawsz - EOIE_SIZE_WITH_HEADER) {
+		/* After an array of active_nr index entries,
+		 * there can be arbitrary number of extended
+		 * sections, each of which is prefixed with
+		 * extension name (4-byte) and section length
+		 * in 4-byte network byte order.
+		 */
+		uint32_t extsize;
+		memcpy(&extsize, mmap + src_offset + 4, 4);
+		extsize = ntohl(extsize);
+
+		/* verify the extension size isn't so large it will wrap around */
+		if (src_offset + 8 + extsize < src_offset)
+			return 0;
+
+		the_hash_algo->update_fn(&c, mmap + src_offset, 8);
+
+		src_offset += 8;
+		src_offset += extsize;
+	}
+	the_hash_algo->final_fn(hash, &c);
+	if (!hasheq(hash, (const unsigned char *)index))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Validate that the extension offsets returned us back to the eoie extension. */
+	if (src_offset != mmap_size - the_hash_algo->rawsz - EOIE_SIZE_WITH_HEADER)
+		return 0;
+
+	return offset;
+}
+
+static void write_eoie_extension(struct strbuf *sb, git_hash_ctx *eoie_context, size_t offset)
+{
+	uint32_t buffer;
+	unsigned char hash[GIT_MAX_RAWSZ];
+
+	/* offset */
+	put_be32(&buffer, offset);
+	strbuf_add(sb, &buffer, sizeof(uint32_t));
+
+	/* hash */
+	the_hash_algo->final_fn(hash, eoie_context);
+	strbuf_add(sb, hash, the_hash_algo->rawsz);
+}

t/t1700-split-index.sh

@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ test_expect_success 'enable split index' '
 	indexversion=$(test-tool index-version <.git/index) &&
 	if test "$indexversion" = "4"
 	then
-		own=432ef4b63f32193984f339431fd50ca796493569
-		base=508851a7f0dfa8691e9f69c7f055865389012491
+		own=3527df833c6c100d3d1d921a9a782d62a8be4b58
+		base=746f7ab2ed44fb839efdfbffcf399d0b113fb4cb
 	else
-		own=8299b0bcd1ac364e5f1d7768efb62fa2da79a339
-		base=39d890139ee5356c7ef572216cebcd27aa41f9df
+		own=5e9b60117ece18da410ddecc8b8d43766a0e4204
+		base=4370042739b31cd17a5c5cd6043a77c9a00df113
 	fi &&
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
 	own $own