Merge branch 'master' into gl/web

* master: (34 commits)
  gitweb: git_annotate didn't expect negative numeric timezone
  git-svn: add the 'dcommit' command
  git-svn: recommend rebase for syncing against an SVN repo
  git-svn: establish new connections on commit after fork
  describe: fix off-by-one error in --abbrev=40 handling
  git-svn(1): improve asciidoc markup
  gitview.txt: improve asciidoc markup
  git(7): put the synopsis in a verse style paragraph
  gitk(1): expand the manpage to look less like a template
  git-blame(1): mention options in the synopsis and advertise pickaxe
  git-ls-remote(1): document --upload-pack
  git-apply(1): document missing options and improve existing ones
  update-index -g
  n is in fact unused, and is later shadowed.
  use name[len] in switch directly, instead of creating a shadowed variable.
  builtin-grep.c: remove unused debugging piece.
  remove ugly shadowing of loop indexes in subloops.
  missing 'static' keywords
  git_dir holds pointers to local strings, hence MUST be const.
  avoid to use error that shadows the function name, use err instead.
  ...

Documentation/git-apply.txt

@@ -10,9 +10,10 @@ SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git-apply' [--stat] [--numstat] [--summary] [--check] [--index] [--apply]
-	  [--no-add] [--index-info] [--allow-binary-replacement] [-z] [-pNUM]
-	  [-CNUM] [--whitespace=<nowarn|warn|error|error-all|strip>]
-	  [<patch>...]
+	  [--no-add] [--index-info] [--allow-binary-replacement | --binary]
+	  [-R | --reverse] [--reject] [-z] [-pNUM] [-CNUM] [--inaccurate-eof]
+	  [--whitespace=<nowarn|warn|error|error-all|strip>] [--exclude=PATH]
+	  [--cached] [--verbose] [<patch>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -55,6 +56,11 @@ OPTIONS
 	up-to-date, it is flagged as an error.  This flag also
 	causes the index file to be updated.
 
+--cached::
+	Apply a patch without touching the working tree. Instead, take the
+	cached data, apply the patch, and store the result in the index,
+	without using the working tree. This implies '--index'.
+
 --index-info::
 	Newer git-diff output has embedded 'index information'
 	for each blob to help identify the original version that
@@ -62,6 +68,16 @@ OPTIONS
 	the original version of the blob is available locally,
 	outputs information about them to the standard output.
 
+-R, --reverse::
+	Apply the patch in reverse.
+
+--reject::
+	For atomicity, gitlink:git-apply[1] by default fails the whole patch and
+	does not touch the working tree when some of the hunks
+	do not apply.  This option makes it apply
+	the parts of the patch that are applicable, and send the
+	rejected hunks to the standard output of the command.
+
 -z::
 	When showing the index information, do not munge paths,
 	but use NUL terminated machine readable format.  Without
@@ -80,8 +96,8 @@ OPTIONS
 	ever ignored.
 
 --apply::
-	If you use any of the options marked ``Turns off
-	"apply"'' above, git-apply reads and outputs the
+	If you use any of the options marked "Turns off
+	'apply'" above, gitlink:git-apply[1] reads and outputs the
 	information you asked without actually applying the
 	patch.  Give this flag after those flags to also apply
 	the patch.
@@ -93,7 +109,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	the result with this option, which would apply the
 	deletion part but not addition part.
 
---allow-binary-replacement::
+--allow-binary-replacement, --binary::
 	When applying a patch, which is a git-enhanced patch
 	that was prepared to record the pre- and post-image object
 	name in full, and the path being patched exactly matches
@@ -104,13 +120,18 @@ OPTIONS
 	result.  This allows binary files to be patched in a
 	very limited way.
 
+--exclude=<path-pattern>::
+	Don't apply changes to files matching the given path pattern. This can
+	be useful when importing patchsets, where you want to exclude certain
+	files or directories.
+
 --whitespace=<option>::
 	When applying a patch, detect a new or modified line
 	that ends with trailing whitespaces (this includes a
 	line that solely consists of whitespaces).  By default,
 	the command outputs warning messages and applies the
 	patch.
-	When `git-apply` is used for statistics and not applying a
+	When gitlink:git-apply[1] is used for statistics and not applying a
 	patch, it defaults to `nowarn`.
 	You can use different `<option>` to control this
 	behavior:
@@ -124,6 +145,17 @@ OPTIONS
 * `strip` outputs warnings for a few such errors, strips out the
   trailing whitespaces and applies the patch.
 
+--inacurate-eof::
+	Under certain circumstances, some versions of diff do not correctly
+	detect a missing new-line at the end of the file. As a result, patches
+	created by such diff programs do not record incomplete lines
+	correctly. This option adds support for applying such patches by
+	working around this bug.
+
+--verbose::
+	Report progress to stderr. By default, only a message about the
+	current patch being applied will be printed. This option will cause
+	additional information to be reported.
 
 Configuration
 -------------

Documentation/git-blame.txt

@@ -3,21 +3,38 @@ git-blame(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-blame - Blame file lines on commits
+git-blame - Show what revision and author last modified each line of a file
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
-git-blame file [options] file [revision]
+'git-blame' [-c] [-l] [-t] [-S <revs-file>] [--] <file> [<rev>]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Annotates each line in the given file with information from the commit
-which introduced the line. Start annotation from the given revision.
+
+Annotates each line in the given file with information from the revision which
+last modified the line. Optionally, start annotating from the given revision.
+
+This report doesn't tell you anything about lines which have been deleted or
+replaced; you need to use a tool such as gitlink:git-diff[1] or the "pickaxe"
+interface briefly mentioned in the following paragraph.
+
+Apart from supporting file annotation, git also supports searching the
+development history for when a code snippet occured in a change. This makes it
+possible to track when a code snippet was added to a file, moved or copied
+between files, and eventually deleted or replaced. It works by searching for
+a text string in the diff. A small example:
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+$ git log --pretty=oneline -S'blame_usage'
+5040f17eba15504bad66b14a645bddd9b015ebb7 blame -S <ancestry-file>
+ea4c7f9bf69e781dd0cd88d2bccb2bf5cc15c9a7 git-blame: Make the output
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
 -c, --compatibility::
-	Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off).
+	Use the same output mode as gitlink:git-annotate[1] (Default: off).
 
 -l, --long::
 	Show long rev (Default: off).
@@ -26,7 +43,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	Show raw timestamp (Default: off).
 
 -S, --rev-file <revs-file>::
-	Use revs from revs-file instead of calling git-rev-list.
+	Use revs from revs-file instead of calling gitlink:git-rev-list[1].
 
 -h, --help::
 	Show help message.

Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt

@@ -3,16 +3,19 @@ git-ls-remote(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-ls-remote - Look at references other repository has
+git-ls-remote - List references in a remote repository
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
-'git-ls-remote' [--heads] [--tags] <repository> <refs>...
+[verse]
+'git-ls-remote' [--heads] [--tags]  [-u <exec> | --upload-pack <exec>]
+	      <repository> <refs>...
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Displays the references other repository has.
+Displays references available in a remote repository along with the associated
+commit IDs.
 
 
 OPTIONS
@@ -23,9 +26,16 @@ OPTIONS
 	both, references stored in refs/heads and refs/tags are
 	displayed.
 
+-u <exec>, --upload-pack=<exec>::
+	Specify the full path of gitlink:git-upload-pack[1] on the remote
+	host. This allows listing references from repositories accessed via
+	SSH and where the SSH deamon does not use the PATH configured by the
+	user. Also see the '--exec' option for gitlink:git-peek-remote[1].
+
 <repository>::
 	Location of the repository.  The shorthand defined in
-	$GIT_DIR/branches/ can be used.
+	$GIT_DIR/branches/ can be used. Use "." (dot) to list references in
+	the local repository.
 
 <refs>...::
 	When unspecified, all references, after filtering done

Documentation/git-svn.txt

@@ -12,10 +12,8 @@ SYNOPSIS
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 git-svn is a simple conduit for changesets between a single Subversion
-branch and git.
-
-git-svn is not to be confused with git-svnimport.  The were designed
-with very different goals in mind.
+branch and git. It is not to be confused with gitlink:git-svnimport[1].
+They were designed with very different goals in mind.
 
 git-svn is designed for an individual developer who wants a
 bidirectional flow of changesets between a single branch in Subversion
@@ -34,26 +32,38 @@ git-svnimport is designed for.
 
 COMMANDS
 --------
-init::
+--
+
+'init'::
 	Creates an empty git repository with additional metadata
 	directories for git-svn.  The Subversion URL must be specified
 	as a command-line argument.
 
-fetch::
-	Fetch unfetched revisions from the Subversion URL we are
-	tracking.  refs/remotes/git-svn will be updated to the
-	latest revision.
+'fetch'::
 
-	Note: You should never attempt to modify the remotes/git-svn
-	branch outside of git-svn.  Instead, create a branch from
-	remotes/git-svn and work on that branch.  Use the 'commit'
-	command (see below) to write git commits back to
-	remotes/git-svn.
+Fetch unfetched revisions from the Subversion URL we are
+tracking.  refs/remotes/git-svn will be updated to the
+latest revision.
 
-	See 'Additional Fetch Arguments' if you are interested in
-	manually joining branches on commit.
+Note: You should never attempt to modify the remotes/git-svn
+branch outside of git-svn.  Instead, create a branch from
+remotes/git-svn and work on that branch.  Use the 'commit'
+command (see below) to write git commits back to
+remotes/git-svn.
 
-commit::
+See '<<fetch-args,Additional Fetch Arguments>>' if you are interested in
+manually joining branches on commit.
+
+'dcommit'::
+	Commit all diffs from the current HEAD directly to the SVN
+	repository, and then rebase or reset (depending on whether or
+	not there is a diff between SVN and HEAD).  It is recommended
+	that you run git-svn fetch and rebase (not pull) your commits
+	against the latest changes in the SVN repository.
+	This is advantageous over 'commit' (below) because it produces
+	cleaner, more linear history.
+
+'commit'::
 	Commit specified commit or tree objects to SVN.  This relies on
 	your imported fetch data being up-to-date.  This makes
 	absolutely no attempts to do patching when committing to SVN, it
@@ -61,9 +71,9 @@ commit::
 	commit.  All merging is assumed to have taken place
 	independently of git-svn functions.
 
-rebuild::
+'rebuild'::
 	Not a part of daily usage, but this is a useful command if
-	you've just cloned a repository (using git-clone) that was
+	you've just cloned a repository (using gitlink:git-clone[1]) that was
 	tracked with git-svn.  Unfortunately, git-clone does not clone
 	git-svn metadata and the svn working tree that git-svn uses for
 	its operations.  This rebuilds the metadata so git-svn can
@@ -71,130 +81,170 @@ rebuild::
 	specified at the command-line if the directory/repository you're
 	tracking has moved or changed protocols.
 
-show-ignore::
+'show-ignore'::
 	Recursively finds and lists the svn:ignore property on
 	directories.  The output is suitable for appending to
 	the $GIT_DIR/info/exclude file.
 
+--
+
 OPTIONS
 -------
+--
+
 -r <ARG>::
 --revision <ARG>::
-	Only used with the 'fetch' command.
 
-	Takes any valid -r<argument> svn would accept and passes it
-	directly to svn. -r<ARG1>:<ARG2> ranges and "{" DATE "}" syntax
-	is also supported.  This is passed directly to svn, see svn
-	documentation for more details.
+Only used with the 'fetch' command.
 
-	This can allow you to make partial mirrors when running fetch.
+Takes any valid -r<argument> svn would accept and passes it
+directly to svn. -r<ARG1>:<ARG2> ranges and "{" DATE "}" syntax
+is also supported.  This is passed directly to svn, see svn
+documentation for more details.
+
+This can allow you to make partial mirrors when running fetch.
 
 -::
 --stdin::
-	Only used with the 'commit' command.
 
-	Read a list of commits from stdin and commit them in reverse
-	order.  Only the leading sha1 is read from each line, so
-	git-rev-list --pretty=oneline output can be used.
+Only used with the 'commit' command.
+
+Read a list of commits from stdin and commit them in reverse
+order.  Only the leading sha1 is read from each line, so
+git-rev-list --pretty=oneline output can be used.
 
 --rmdir::
-	Only used with the 'commit' command.
 
-	Remove directories from the SVN tree if there are no files left
-	behind.  SVN can version empty directories, and they are not
-	removed by default if there are no files left in them.  git
-	cannot version empty directories.  Enabling this flag will make
-	the commit to SVN act like git.
+Only used with the 'commit' command.
 
-	repo-config key: svn.rmdir
+Remove directories from the SVN tree if there are no files left
+behind.  SVN can version empty directories, and they are not
+removed by default if there are no files left in them.  git
+cannot version empty directories.  Enabling this flag will make
+the commit to SVN act like git.
+
+repo-config key: svn.rmdir
 
 -e::
 --edit::
-	Only used with the 'commit' command.
 
-	Edit the commit message before committing to SVN.  This is off by
-	default for objects that are commits, and forced on when committing
-	tree objects.
+Only used with the 'commit' command.
 
-	repo-config key: svn.edit
+Edit the commit message before committing to SVN.  This is off by
+default for objects that are commits, and forced on when committing
+tree objects.
+
+repo-config key: svn.edit
 
 -l<num>::
 --find-copies-harder::
-	Both of these are only used with the 'commit' command.
 
-	They are both passed directly to git-diff-tree see
-	git-diff-tree(1) for more information.
+Both of these are only used with the 'commit' command.
 
-	repo-config key: svn.l
-	repo-config key: svn.findcopiesharder
+They are both passed directly to git-diff-tree see
+gitlink:git-diff-tree[1] for more information.
+
+[verse]
+repo-config key: svn.l
+repo-config key: svn.findcopiesharder
 
 -A<filename>::
 --authors-file=<filename>::
 
-	Syntax is compatible with the files used by git-svnimport and
-	git-cvsimport:
+Syntax is compatible with the files used by git-svnimport and
+git-cvsimport:
 
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-loginname = Joe User <user@example.com>
+	loginname = Joe User <user@example.com>
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-	If this option is specified and git-svn encounters an SVN
-	committer name that does not exist in the authors-file, git-svn
-	will abort operation. The user will then have to add the
-	appropriate entry.  Re-running the previous git-svn command
-	after the authors-file is modified should continue operation.
+If this option is specified and git-svn encounters an SVN
+committer name that does not exist in the authors-file, git-svn
+will abort operation. The user will then have to add the
+appropriate entry.  Re-running the previous git-svn command
+after the authors-file is modified should continue operation.
 
-	repo-config key: svn.authors-file
+repo-config key: svn.authors-file
+
+-m::
+--merge::
+-s<strategy>::
+--strategy=<strategy>::
+
+These are only used with the 'dcommit' command.
+
+Passed directly to git-rebase when using 'dcommit' if a
+'git-reset' cannot be used (see dcommit).
+
+-n::
+--dry-run::
+
+This is only used with the 'dcommit' command.
+
+Print out the series of git arguments that would show
+which diffs would be committed to SVN.
+
+--
 
 ADVANCED OPTIONS
 ----------------
+--
+
 -b<refname>::
 --branch <refname>::
-	Used with 'fetch' or 'commit'.
+Used with 'fetch' or 'commit'.
 
-	This can be used to join arbitrary git branches to remotes/git-svn
-	on new commits where the tree object is equivalent.
+This can be used to join arbitrary git branches to remotes/git-svn
+on new commits where the tree object is equivalent.
 
-	When used with different GIT_SVN_ID values, tags and branches in
-	SVN can be tracked this way, as can some merges where the heads
-	end up having completely equivalent content.  This can even be
-	used to track branches across multiple SVN _repositories_.
+When used with different GIT_SVN_ID values, tags and branches in
+SVN can be tracked this way, as can some merges where the heads
+end up having completely equivalent content.  This can even be
+used to track branches across multiple SVN _repositories_.
 
-	This option may be specified multiple times, once for each
-	branch.
+This option may be specified multiple times, once for each
+branch.
 
-	repo-config key: svn.branch
+repo-config key: svn.branch
 
 -i<GIT_SVN_ID>::
 --id <GIT_SVN_ID>::
-	This sets GIT_SVN_ID (instead of using the environment).  See
-	the section on "Tracking Multiple Repositories or Branches" for
-	more information on using GIT_SVN_ID.
+
+This sets GIT_SVN_ID (instead of using the environment).  See the
+section on
+'<<tracking-multiple-repos,Tracking Multiple Repositories or Branches>>'
+for more information on using GIT_SVN_ID.
+
+--
 
 COMPATIBILITY OPTIONS
 ---------------------
---upgrade::
-	Only used with the 'rebuild' command.
+--
 
-	Run this if you used an old version of git-svn that used
-	"git-svn-HEAD" instead of "remotes/git-svn" as the branch
-	for tracking the remote.
+--upgrade::
+Only used with the 'rebuild' command.
+
+Run this if you used an old version of git-svn that used
+"git-svn-HEAD" instead of "remotes/git-svn" as the branch
+for tracking the remote.
 
 --no-ignore-externals::
-	Only used with the 'fetch' and 'rebuild' command.
+Only used with the 'fetch' and 'rebuild' command.
 
-	By default, git-svn passes --ignore-externals to svn to avoid
-	fetching svn:external trees into git.  Pass this flag to enable
-	externals tracking directly via git.
+By default, git-svn passes --ignore-externals to svn to avoid
+fetching svn:external trees into git.  Pass this flag to enable
+externals tracking directly via git.
 
-	Versions of svn that do not support --ignore-externals are
-	automatically detected and this flag will be automatically
-	enabled for them.
+Versions of svn that do not support --ignore-externals are
+automatically detected and this flag will be automatically
+enabled for them.
 
-	Otherwise, do not enable this flag unless you know what you're
-	doing.
+Otherwise, do not enable this flag unless you know what you're
+doing.
 
-	repo-config key: svn.noignoreexternals
+repo-config key: svn.noignoreexternals
+
+--
 
 Basic Examples
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -212,12 +262,26 @@ Tracking and contributing to an Subversion managed-project:
 	git-svn commit <tree-ish> [<tree-ish_2> ...]
 # Commit all the git commits from my-branch that don't exist in SVN:
 	git-svn commit remotes/git-svn..my-branch
-# Something is committed to SVN, pull the latest into your branch:
-	git-svn fetch && git pull . remotes/git-svn
+# Something is committed to SVN, rebase the latest into your branch:
+	git-svn fetch && git rebase remotes/git-svn
 # Append svn:ignore settings to the default git exclude file:
 	git-svn show-ignore >> .git/info/exclude
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+REBASE VS. PULL
+---------------
+
+Originally, git-svn recommended that the remotes/git-svn branch be
+pulled from.  This is because the author favored 'git-svn commit B'
+to commit a single head rather than the 'git-svn commit A..B' notation
+to commit multiple commits.
+
+If you use 'git-svn commit A..B' to commit several diffs and you do not
+have the latest remotes/git-svn merged into my-branch, you should use
+'git rebase' to update your work branch instead of 'git pull'.  'pull'
+can cause non-linear history to be flattened when committing into SVN,
+which can lead to merge commits reversing previous commits in SVN.
+
 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
 -----------------
 Merge tracking in Subversion is lacking and doing branched development
@@ -226,6 +290,7 @@ any automated merge/branch tracking on the Subversion side and leaves it
 entirely up to the user on the git side.  It's simply not worth it to do
 a useful translation when the original signal is weak.
 
+[[tracking-multiple-repos]]
 TRACKING MULTIPLE REPOSITORIES OR BRANCHES
 ------------------------------------------
 This is for advanced users, most users should ignore this section.
@@ -241,6 +306,7 @@ invocation.  The interface branch will be remotes/$GIT_SVN_ID, instead of
 remotes/git-svn.  Any remotes/$GIT_SVN_ID branch should never be modified
 by the user outside of git-svn commands.
 
+[[fetch-args]]
 ADDITIONAL FETCH ARGUMENTS
 --------------------------
 This is for advanced users, most users should ignore this section.
@@ -251,11 +317,15 @@ optionally be specified in the form of sha1 hex sums at the
 command-line.  Unfetched SVN revisions may also be tied to particular
 git commits with the following syntax:
 
+------------------------------------------------
 	svn_revision_number=git_commit_sha1
+------------------------------------------------
 
-This allows you to tie unfetched SVN revision 375 to your current HEAD::
+This allows you to tie unfetched SVN revision 375 to your current HEAD:
 
-	`git-svn fetch 375=$(git-rev-parse HEAD)`
+------------------------------------------------
+	git-svn fetch 375=$(git-rev-parse HEAD)
+------------------------------------------------
 
 Advanced Example: Tracking a Reorganized Repository
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -310,6 +380,10 @@ the possible corner cases (git doesn't do it, either).  Renamed and
 copied files are fully supported if they're similar enough for git to
 detect them.
 
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+gitlink:git-rebase[1]
+
 Author
 ------
 Written by Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>.

Documentation/git-update-index.txt

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 	     [--cacheinfo <mode> <object> <file>]\*
 	     [--chmod=(+|-)x]
 	     [--assume-unchanged | --no-assume-unchanged]
-	     [--really-refresh] [--unresolve] [--again]
+	     [--really-refresh] [--unresolve] [--again | -g]
 	     [--info-only] [--index-info]
 	     [-z] [--stdin]
 	     [--verbose]
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	filesystem that has very slow lstat(2) system call
 	(e.g. cifs).
 
---again::
+--again, -g::
 	Runs `git-update-index` itself on the paths whose index
 	entries are different from those from the `HEAD` commit.
 

Documentation/git.txt

@@ -8,8 +8,9 @@ git - the stupid content tracker
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
+[verse]
 'git' [--version] [--exec-path[=GIT_EXEC_PATH]] [-p|--paginate]
-	[--bare] [--git-dir=GIT_DIR] [--help] COMMAND [ARGS]
+    [--bare] [--git-dir=GIT_DIR] [--help] COMMAND [ARGS]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------

Documentation/gitk.txt

@@ -3,26 +3,52 @@ gitk(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitk - Some git command not yet documented.
-
+gitk - git repository browser
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
-'gitk' [ --option ] <args>...
+'gitk' [<option>...] [<revs>] [--] [<path>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Does something not yet documented.
+Displays changes in a repository or a selected set of commits. This includes
+visualizing the commit graph, showing information related to each commit, and
+the files in the trees of each revision.
 
+Historically, gitk was the first repository browser. It's written in tcl/tk
+and started off in a separate repository but was later merged into the main
+git repository.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
---option::
-	Some option not yet documented.
+To control which revisions to shown, the command takes options applicable to
+the gitlink:git-rev-list[1] command. This manual page describes only the most
+frequently used options.
 
-<args>...::
-	Some argument not yet documented.
+-n <number>, --max-count=<number>::
 
+	Limits the number of commits to show.
+
+--since=<date>::
+
+	Show commits more recent than a specific date.
+
+--until=<date>::
+
+	Show commits older than a specific date.
+
+<revs>::
+
+	Limit the revisions to show. This can be either a single revision
+	meaning show from the given revision and back, or it can be a range in
+	the form "'<from>'..'<to>'" to show all revisions between '<from>' and
+	back to '<to>'. Note, more advanced revision selection can be applied.
+
+<path>::
+
+	Limit commits to the ones touching files in the given paths. Note, to
+	avoid ambiguity wrt. revision names use "--" to separate the paths
+	from any preceeding options.
 
 Examples
 --------
@@ -37,13 +63,27 @@ gitk --since="2 weeks ago" \-- gitk::
 	The "--" is necessary to avoid confusion with the *branch* named
 	'gitk'
 
+See Also
+--------
+'qgit(1)'::
+	A repository browser written in C++ using Qt.
+
+'gitview(1)'::
+	A repository browser written in Python using Gtk. It's based on
+	'bzrk(1)' and distributed in the contrib area of the git repository.
+
+'tig(1)'::
+	A minimal repository browser and git tool output highlighter written
+	in C using Ncurses.
+
 Author
 ------
-Written by Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
+Written by Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>.
 
 Documentation
 --------------
-Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano, Jonas Fonseca, and the git-list
+<git@vger.kernel.org>.
 
 GIT
 ---

Makefile

@@ -248,6 +248,7 @@ LIB_OBJS = \
 	server-info.o setup.o sha1_file.o sha1_name.o strbuf.o \
 	tag.o tree.o usage.o config.o environment.o ctype.o copy.o \
 	fetch-clone.o revision.o pager.o tree-walk.o xdiff-interface.o \
+	write_or_die.o \
 	alloc.o merge-file.o path-list.o help.o unpack-trees.o $(DIFF_OBJS)
 
 BUILTIN_OBJS = \

blame.c

@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ static int get_blob_sha1(struct tree *t, const char *pathname,
 	blame_file = pathname;
 	pathspec[0] = pathname;
 	pathspec[1] = NULL;
-	memset(blob_sha1, 0, sizeof(blob_sha1));
+	hashclr(blob_sha1);
 	read_tree_recursive(t, "", 0, 0, pathspec, get_blob_sha1_internal);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ static int get_blob_sha1(struct tree *t, const char *pathname,
 	if (i == 20)
 		return -1;
 
-	memcpy(sha1, blob_sha1, 20);
+	hashcpy(sha1, blob_sha1);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ static int get_blob_sha1_internal(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base,
 	    strcmp(blame_file + baselen, pathname))
 		return -1;
 
-	memcpy(blob_sha1, sha1, 20);
+	hashcpy(blob_sha1, sha1);
 	return -1;
 }
 

builtin-apply.c

@@ -606,9 +606,7 @@ static char *git_header_name(char *line, int llen)
 	 * form.
 	 */
 	for (len = 0 ; ; len++) {
-		char c = name[len];
-
-		switch (c) {
+		switch (name[len]) {
 		default:
 			continue;
 		case '\n':
@@ -1907,13 +1905,13 @@ static int check_patch(struct patch *patch, struct patch *prev_patch)
 static int check_patch_list(struct patch *patch)
 {
 	struct patch *prev_patch = NULL;
-	int error = 0;
+	int err = 0;
 
 	for (prev_patch = NULL; patch ; patch = patch->next) {
-		error |= check_patch(patch, prev_patch);
+		err |= check_patch(patch, prev_patch);
 		prev_patch = patch;
 	}
-	return error;
+	return err;
 }
 
 static void show_index_list(struct patch *list)

builtin-cat-file.c

@@ -9,23 +9,6 @@
 #include "tree.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 
-static void flush_buffer(const char *buf, unsigned long size)
-{
-	while (size > 0) {
-		long ret = xwrite(1, buf, size);
-		if (ret < 0) {
-			/* Ignore epipe */
-			if (errno == EPIPE)
-				break;
-			die("git-cat-file: %s", strerror(errno));
-		} else if (!ret) {
-			die("git-cat-file: disk full?");
-		}
-		size -= ret;
-		buf += ret;
-	}
-}
-
 static void pprint_tag(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *buf, unsigned long size)
 {
 	/* the parser in tag.c is useless here. */
@@ -42,7 +25,7 @@ static void pprint_tag(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *buf, unsigned long
 			/* Found the tagger line.  Copy out the contents
 			 * of the buffer so far.
 			 */
-			flush_buffer(buf, cp - buf);
+			write_or_die(1, buf, cp - buf);
 
 			/*
 			 * Do something intelligent, like pretty-printing
@@ -61,18 +44,18 @@ static void pprint_tag(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *buf, unsigned long
 						sp++;
 					if (sp == cp) {
 						/* give up */
-						flush_buffer(tagger,
+						write_or_die(1, tagger,
 							     cp - tagger);
 						break;
 					}
 					while (sp < cp &&
 					       !('0' <= *sp && *sp <= '9'))
 						sp++;
-					flush_buffer(tagger, sp - tagger);
+					write_or_die(1, tagger, sp - tagger);
 					date = strtoul(sp, &ep, 10);
 					tz = strtol(ep, NULL, 10);
 					sp = show_date(date, tz);
-					flush_buffer(sp, strlen(sp));
+					write_or_die(1, sp, strlen(sp));
 					xwrite(1, "\n", 1);
 					break;
 				}
@@ -90,7 +73,7 @@ static void pprint_tag(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *buf, unsigned long
 	 * remainder as is.
 	 */
 	if (cp < endp)
-		flush_buffer(cp, endp - cp);
+		write_or_die(1, cp, endp - cp);
 }
 
 int cmd_cat_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
@@ -162,6 +145,6 @@ int cmd_cat_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (!buf)
 		die("git-cat-file %s: bad file", argv[2]);
 
-	flush_buffer(buf, size);
+	write_or_die(1, buf, size);
 	return 0;
 }

builtin-commit-tree.c

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ static int new_parent(int idx)
 	int i;
 	unsigned char *sha1 = parent_sha1[idx];
 	for (i = 0; i < idx; i++) {
-		if (!memcmp(parent_sha1[i], sha1, 20)) {
+		if (!hashcmp(parent_sha1[i], sha1)) {
 			error("duplicate parent %s ignored", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 			return 0;
 		}

builtin-diff-stages.c

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ static void diff_stages(int stage1, int stage2, const char **pathspec)
 		else if (!two)
 			diff_addremove(&diff_options, '-', ntohl(one->ce_mode),
 				       one->sha1, name, NULL);
-		else if (memcmp(one->sha1, two->sha1, 20) ||
+		else if (hashcmp(one->sha1, two->sha1) ||
 			 (one->ce_mode != two->ce_mode) ||
 			 diff_options.find_copies_harder)
 			diff_change(&diff_options,

builtin-diff.c

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ static void stuff_change(struct diff_options *opt,
 	struct diff_filespec *one, *two;
 
 	if (!is_null_sha1(old_sha1) && !is_null_sha1(new_sha1) &&
-	    !memcmp(old_sha1, new_sha1, 20))
+	    !hashcmp(old_sha1, new_sha1))
 		return;
 
 	if (opt->reverse_diff) {
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ static int builtin_diff_combined(struct rev_info *revs,
 	parent = xmalloc(ents * sizeof(*parent));
 	/* Again, the revs are all reverse */
 	for (i = 0; i < ents; i++)
-		memcpy(parent + i, ent[ents - 1 - i].item->sha1, 20);
+		hashcpy((unsigned char*)parent + i, ent[ents - 1 - i].item->sha1);
 	diff_tree_combined(parent[0], parent + 1, ents - 1,
 			   revs->dense_combined_merges, revs);
 	return 0;
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ int cmd_diff(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
 			if (2 <= blobs)
 				die("more than two blobs given: '%s'", name);
-			memcpy(blob[blobs].sha1, obj->sha1, 20);
+			hashcpy(blob[blobs].sha1, obj->sha1);
 			blob[blobs].name = name;
 			blobs++;
 			continue;

builtin-grep.c

@@ -293,9 +293,6 @@ static void compile_patterns(struct grep_opt *opt)
 	 */
 	p = opt->pattern_list;
 	opt->pattern_expression = compile_pattern_expr(&p);
-#if DEBUG
-	dump_pattern_exp(opt->pattern_expression, 0);
-#endif
 	if (p)
 		die("incomplete pattern expression: %s", p->pattern);
 }

builtin-mv.c

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ static const char **copy_pathspec(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec,
 		if (length > 0 && result[i][length - 1] == '/') {
 			char *without_slash = xmalloc(length);
 			memcpy(without_slash, result[i], length - 1);
-			without_slash[length] = '\0';
+			without_slash[length - 1] = '\0';
 			result[i] = without_slash;
 		}
 		if (base_name) {
@@ -114,7 +114,10 @@ int cmd_mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	modes = xcalloc(count, sizeof(enum update_mode));
 	dest_path = copy_pathspec(prefix, argv + argc - 1, 1, 0);
 
-	if (!lstat(dest_path[0], &st) &&
+	if (dest_path[0][0] == '\0')
+		/* special case: "." was normalized to "" */
+		destination = copy_pathspec(dest_path[0], argv + i, count, 1);
+	else if (!lstat(dest_path[0], &st) &&
 			S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
 		dest_path[0] = add_slash(dest_path[0]);
 		destination = copy_pathspec(dest_path[0], argv + i, count, 1);
@@ -126,48 +129,43 @@ int cmd_mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	/* Checking */
 	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-		int length;
+		const char *src = source[i], *dst = destination[i];
+		int length, src_is_dir;
 		const char *bad = NULL;
 
 		if (show_only)
-			printf("Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n",
-				source[i], destination[i]);
+			printf("Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n", src, dst);
 
-		if (lstat(source[i], &st) < 0)
+		length = strlen(src);
+		if (lstat(src, &st) < 0)
 			bad = "bad source";
-
-		if (!bad &&
-		    (length = strlen(source[i])) >= 0 &&
-		    !strncmp(destination[i], source[i], length) &&
-		    (destination[i][length] == 0 || destination[i][length] == '/'))
+		else if (!strncmp(src, dst, length) &&
+				(dst[length] == 0 || dst[length] == '/')) {
 			bad = "can not move directory into itself";
-
-		if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
-			const char *dir = source[i], *dest_dir = destination[i];
-			int first, last, len = strlen(dir);
-
-			if (lstat(dest_dir, &st) == 0) {
-				bad = "cannot move directory over file";
-				goto next;
-			}
+		} else if ((src_is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
+				&& lstat(dst, &st) == 0)
+			bad = "cannot move directory over file";
+		else if (src_is_dir) {
+			int first, last;
 
 			modes[i] = WORKING_DIRECTORY;
 
-			first = cache_name_pos(source[i], len);
+			first = cache_name_pos(src, length);
 			if (first >= 0)
-				die ("Huh? %s/ is in index?", dir);
+				die ("Huh? %s/ is in index?", src);
 
 			first = -1 - first;
 			for (last = first; last < active_nr; last++) {
 				const char *path = active_cache[last]->name;
-				if (strncmp(path, dir, len) || path[len] != '/')
+				if (strncmp(path, src, length)
+						|| path[length] != '/')
 					break;
 			}
 
 			if (last - first < 1)
 				bad = "source directory is empty";
-			else if (!bad) {
-				int j, dst_len = strlen(dest_dir);
+			else {
+				int j, dst_len;
 
 				if (last - first > 0) {
 					source = realloc(source,
@@ -181,24 +179,21 @@ int cmd_mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 							* sizeof(enum update_mode));
 				}
 
-				dest_dir = add_slash(dest_dir);
+				dst = add_slash(dst);
+				dst_len = strlen(dst) - 1;
 
 				for (j = 0; j < last - first; j++) {
 					const char *path =
 						active_cache[first + j]->name;
 					source[count + j] = path;
 					destination[count + j] =
-						prefix_path(dest_dir, dst_len,
-							path + len);
+						prefix_path(dst, dst_len,
+							path + length);
 					modes[count + j] = INDEX;
 				}
 				count += last - first;
 			}
-
-			goto next;
-		}
-
-		if (!bad && lstat(destination[i], &st) == 0) {
+		} else if (lstat(dst, &st) == 0) {
 			bad = "destination exists";
 			if (force) {
 				/*
@@ -210,24 +205,17 @@ int cmd_mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 							" will overwrite!\n",
 							bad);
 					bad = NULL;
-					path_list_insert(destination[i],
-							&overwritten);
+					path_list_insert(dst, &overwritten);
 				} else
 					bad = "Cannot overwrite";
 			}
-		}
-
-		if (!bad && cache_name_pos(source[i], strlen(source[i])) < 0)
+		} else if (cache_name_pos(src, length) < 0)
 			bad = "not under version control";
+		else if (path_list_has_path(&src_for_dst, dst))
+			bad = "multiple sources for the same target";
+		else
+			path_list_insert(dst, &src_for_dst);
 
-		if (!bad) {
-			if (path_list_has_path(&src_for_dst, destination[i]))
-				bad = "multiple sources for the same target";
-			else
-				path_list_insert(destination[i], &src_for_dst);
-		}
-
-next:
 		if (bad) {
 			if (ignore_errors) {
 				if (--count > 0) {
@@ -239,33 +227,32 @@ next:
 				}
 			} else
 				die ("%s, source=%s, destination=%s",
-				     bad, source[i], destination[i]);
+				     bad, src, dst);
 		}
 	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+		const char *src = source[i], *dst = destination[i];
+		enum update_mode mode = modes[i];
 		if (show_only || verbose)
-			printf("Renaming %s to %s\n",
-			       source[i], destination[i]);
-		if (!show_only && modes[i] != INDEX &&
-		    rename(source[i], destination[i]) < 0 &&
-		    !ignore_errors)
-			die ("renaming %s failed: %s",
-			     source[i], strerror(errno));
+			printf("Renaming %s to %s\n", src, dst);
+		if (!show_only && mode != INDEX &&
+				rename(src, dst) < 0 && !ignore_errors)
+			die ("renaming %s failed: %s", src, strerror(errno));
 
-		if (modes[i] == WORKING_DIRECTORY)
+		if (mode == WORKING_DIRECTORY)
 			continue;
 
-		if (cache_name_pos(source[i], strlen(source[i])) >= 0) {
-			path_list_insert(source[i], &deleted);
+		if (cache_name_pos(src, strlen(src)) >= 0) {
+			path_list_insert(src, &deleted);
 
 			/* destination can be a directory with 1 file inside */
-			if (path_list_has_path(&overwritten, destination[i]))
-				path_list_insert(destination[i], &changed);
+			if (path_list_has_path(&overwritten, dst))
+				path_list_insert(dst, &changed);
 			else
-				path_list_insert(destination[i], &added);
+				path_list_insert(dst, &added);
 		} else
-			path_list_insert(destination[i], &added);
+			path_list_insert(dst, &added);
 	}
 
         if (show_only) {
@@ -275,10 +262,10 @@ next:
 	} else {
 		for (i = 0; i < changed.nr; i++) {
 			const char *path = changed.items[i].path;
-			int i = cache_name_pos(path, strlen(path));
-			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+			int j = cache_name_pos(path, strlen(path));
+			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[j];
 
-			if (i < 0)
+			if (j < 0)
 				die ("Huh? Cache entry for %s unknown?", path);
 			refresh_cache_entry(ce, 0);
 		}

builtin-pack-objects.c

@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ static int locate_object_entry_hash(const unsigned char *sha1)
 	memcpy(&ui, sha1, sizeof(unsigned int));
 	i = ui % object_ix_hashsz;
 	while (0 < object_ix[i]) {
-		if (!memcmp(sha1, objects[object_ix[i]-1].sha1, 20))
+		if (!hashcmp(sha1, objects[object_ix[i] - 1].sha1))
 			return i;
 		if (++i == object_ix_hashsz)
 			i = 0;
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ static int add_object_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned hash, int exclud
 	entry = objects + idx;
 	nr_objects = idx + 1;
 	memset(entry, 0, sizeof(*entry));
-	memcpy(entry->sha1, sha1, 20);
+	hashcpy(entry->sha1, sha1);
 	entry->hash = hash;
 
 	if (object_ix_hashsz * 3 <= nr_objects * 4)
@@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ static struct pbase_tree_cache *pbase_tree_get(const unsigned char *sha1)
 	 */
 	for (neigh = 0; neigh < 8; neigh++) {
 		ent = pbase_tree_cache[my_ix];
-		if (ent && !memcmp(ent->sha1, sha1, 20)) {
+		if (ent && !hashcmp(ent->sha1, sha1)) {
 			ent->ref++;
 			return ent;
 		}
@@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ static struct pbase_tree_cache *pbase_tree_get(const unsigned char *sha1)
 		free(ent->tree_data);
 		nent = ent;
 	}
-	memcpy(nent->sha1, sha1, 20);
+	hashcpy(nent->sha1, sha1);
 	nent->tree_data = data;
 	nent->tree_size = size;
 	nent->ref = 1;
@@ -789,7 +789,7 @@ static void add_preferred_base(unsigned char *sha1)
 		return;
 
 	for (it = pbase_tree; it; it = it->next) {
-		if (!memcmp(it->pcache.sha1, tree_sha1, 20)) {
+		if (!hashcmp(it->pcache.sha1, tree_sha1)) {
 			free(data);
 			return;
 		}
@@ -799,7 +799,7 @@ static void add_preferred_base(unsigned char *sha1)
 	it->next = pbase_tree;
 	pbase_tree = it;
 
-	memcpy(it->pcache.sha1, tree_sha1, 20);
+	hashcpy(it->pcache.sha1, tree_sha1);
 	it->pcache.tree_data = data;
 	it->pcache.tree_size = size;
 }
@@ -931,7 +931,7 @@ static struct object_entry **create_sorted_list(entry_sort_t sort)
 
 static int sha1_sort(const struct object_entry *a, const struct object_entry *b)
 {
-	return memcmp(a->sha1, b->sha1, 20);
+	return hashcmp(a->sha1, b->sha1);
 }
 
 static struct object_entry **create_final_object_list(void)

builtin-push.c

@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ static int do_push(const char *repo)
 	common_argc = argc;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-		int error;
+		int err;
 		int dest_argc = common_argc;
 		int dest_refspec_nr = refspec_nr;
 		const char **dest_refspec = refspec;
@@ -248,10 +248,10 @@ static int do_push(const char *repo)
 		while (dest_refspec_nr--)
 			argv[dest_argc++] = *dest_refspec++;
 		argv[dest_argc] = NULL;
-		error = run_command_v(argc, argv);
-		if (!error)
+		err = run_command_v(argc, argv);
+		if (!err)
 			continue;
-		switch (error) {
+		switch (err) {
 		case -ERR_RUN_COMMAND_FORK:
 			die("unable to fork for %s", sender);
 		case -ERR_RUN_COMMAND_EXEC:
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ static int do_push(const char *repo)
 		case -ERR_RUN_COMMAND_WAITPID_NOEXIT:
 			die("%s died with strange error", sender);
 		default:
-			return -error;
+			return -err;
 		}
 	}
 	return 0;

builtin-read-tree.c

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ static void prime_cache_tree_rec(struct cache_tree *it, struct tree *tree)
 	struct name_entry entry;
 	int cnt;
 
-	memcpy(it->sha1, tree->object.sha1, 20);
+	hashcpy(it->sha1, tree->object.sha1);
 	desc.buf = tree->buffer;
 	desc.size = tree->size;
 	cnt = 0;

builtin-show-branch.c

@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ static int append_head_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1)
 	/* If both heads/foo and tags/foo exists, get_sha1 would
 	 * get confused.
 	 */
-	if (get_sha1(refname + ofs, tmp) || memcmp(tmp, sha1, 20))
+	if (get_sha1(refname + ofs, tmp) || hashcmp(tmp, sha1))
 		ofs = 5;
 	return append_ref(refname + ofs, sha1);
 }
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ static int rev_is_head(char *head_path, int headlen, char *name,
 {
 	int namelen;
 	if ((!head_path[0]) ||
-	    (head_sha1 && sha1 && memcmp(head_sha1, sha1, 20)))
+	    (head_sha1 && sha1 && hashcmp(head_sha1, sha1)))
 		return 0;
 	namelen = strlen(name);
 	if ((headlen < namelen) ||

builtin-tar-tree.c

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 #define BLOCKSIZE	(RECORDSIZE * 20)
 
 static const char tar_tree_usage[] =
-"git-tar-tree [--remote=<repo>] <ent> [basedir]";
+"git-tar-tree [--remote=<repo>] <tree-ish> [basedir]";
 
 static char block[BLOCKSIZE];
 static unsigned long offset;
@@ -22,30 +22,11 @@ static unsigned long offset;
 static time_t archive_time;
 static int tar_umask;
 
-/* tries hard to write, either succeeds or dies in the attempt */
-static void reliable_write(const void *data, unsigned long size)
-{
-	const char *buf = data;
-
-	while (size > 0) {
-		long ret = xwrite(1, buf, size);
-		if (ret < 0) {
-			if (errno == EPIPE)
-				exit(0);
-			die("git-tar-tree: %s", strerror(errno));
-		} else if (!ret) {
-			die("git-tar-tree: disk full?");
-		}
-		size -= ret;
-		buf += ret;
-	}
-}
-
 /* writes out the whole block, but only if it is full */
 static void write_if_needed(void)
 {
 	if (offset == BLOCKSIZE) {
-		reliable_write(block, BLOCKSIZE);
+		write_or_die(1, block, BLOCKSIZE);
 		offset = 0;
 	}
 }
@@ -70,7 +51,7 @@ static void write_blocked(const void *data, unsigned long size)
 		write_if_needed();
 	}
 	while (size >= BLOCKSIZE) {
-		reliable_write(buf, BLOCKSIZE);
+		write_or_die(1, buf, BLOCKSIZE);
 		size -= BLOCKSIZE;
 		buf += BLOCKSIZE;
 	}
@@ -94,10 +75,10 @@ static void write_trailer(void)
 {
 	int tail = BLOCKSIZE - offset;
 	memset(block + offset, 0, tail);
-	reliable_write(block, BLOCKSIZE);
+	write_or_die(1, block, BLOCKSIZE);
 	if (tail < 2 * RECORDSIZE) {
 		memset(block, 0, offset);
-		reliable_write(block, BLOCKSIZE);
+		write_or_die(1, block, BLOCKSIZE);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -294,7 +275,7 @@ static void traverse_tree(struct tree_desc *tree, struct strbuf *path)
 	}
 }
 
-int git_tar_config(const char *var, const char *value)
+static int git_tar_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 {
 	if (!strcmp(var, "tar.umask")) {
 		if (!strcmp(value, "user")) {

builtin-unpack-objects.c

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ static void add_delta_to_list(unsigned char *base_sha1, void *delta, unsigned lo
 {
 	struct delta_info *info = xmalloc(sizeof(*info));
 
-	memcpy(info->base_sha1, base_sha1, 20);
+	hashcpy(info->base_sha1, base_sha1);
 	info->size = size;
 	info->delta = delta;
 	info->next = delta_list;
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ static void added_object(unsigned char *sha1, const char *type, void *data, unsi
 	struct delta_info *info;
 
 	while ((info = *p) != NULL) {
-		if (!memcmp(info->base_sha1, sha1, 20)) {
+		if (!hashcmp(info->base_sha1, sha1)) {
 			*p = info->next;
 			p = &delta_list;
 			resolve_delta(type, data, size, info->delta, info->size);
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ static int unpack_delta_entry(unsigned long delta_size)
 	unsigned char base_sha1[20];
 	int result;
 
-	memcpy(base_sha1, fill(20), 20);
+	hashcpy(base_sha1, fill(20));
 	use(20);
 
 	delta_data = get_data(delta_size);
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ int cmd_unpack_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	unpack_all();
 	SHA1_Update(&ctx, buffer, offset);
 	SHA1_Final(sha1, &ctx);
-	if (memcmp(fill(20), sha1, 20))
+	if (hashcmp(fill(20), sha1))
 		die("final sha1 did not match");
 	use(20);
 

builtin-update-index.c

@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ static int add_cacheinfo(unsigned int mode, const unsigned char *sha1,
 	size = cache_entry_size(len);
 	ce = xcalloc(1, size);
 
-	memcpy(ce->sha1, sha1, 20);
+	hashcpy(ce->sha1, sha1);
 	memcpy(ce->name, path, len);
 	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(len, stage);
 	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ static void read_index_info(int line_termination)
 }
 
 static const char update_index_usage[] =
-"git-update-index [-q] [--add] [--replace] [--remove] [--unmerged] [--refresh] [--really-refresh] [--cacheinfo] [--chmod=(+|-)x] [--assume-unchanged] [--info-only] [--force-remove] [--stdin] [--index-info] [--unresolve] [--again] [--ignore-missing] [-z] [--verbose] [--] <file>...";
+"git-update-index [-q] [--add] [--replace] [--remove] [--unmerged] [--refresh] [--really-refresh] [--cacheinfo] [--chmod=(+|-)x] [--assume-unchanged] [--info-only] [--force-remove] [--stdin] [--index-info] [--unresolve] [--again | -g] [--ignore-missing] [-z] [--verbose] [--] <file>...";
 
 static unsigned char head_sha1[20];
 static unsigned char merge_head_sha1[20];
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ static struct cache_entry *read_one_ent(const char *which,
 	size = cache_entry_size(namelen);
 	ce = xcalloc(1, size);
 
-	memcpy(ce->sha1, sha1, 20);
+	hashcpy(ce->sha1, sha1);
 	memcpy(ce->name, path, namelen);
 	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(namelen, stage);
 	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ static int unresolve_one(const char *path)
 		ret = -1;
 		goto free_return;
 	}
-	if (!memcmp(ce_2->sha1, ce_3->sha1, 20) &&
+	if (!hashcmp(ce_2->sha1, ce_3->sha1) &&
 	    ce_2->ce_mode == ce_3->ce_mode) {
 		fprintf(stderr, "%s: identical in both, skipping.\n",
 			path);
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ static int do_reupdate(int ac, const char **av,
 			old = read_one_ent(NULL, head_sha1,
 					   ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0);
 		if (old && ce->ce_mode == old->ce_mode &&
-		    !memcmp(ce->sha1, old->sha1, 20)) {
+		    !hashcmp(ce->sha1, old->sha1)) {
 			free(old);
 			continue; /* unchanged */
 		}
@@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ int cmd_update_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 					active_cache_changed = 0;
 				goto finish;
 			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--again")) {
+			if (!strcmp(path, "--again") || !strcmp(path, "-g")) {
 				has_errors = do_reupdate(argc - i, argv + i,
 							 prefix, prefix_length);
 				if (has_errors)

builtin-update-ref.c

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ int cmd_update_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	if (get_sha1(value, sha1))
 		die("%s: not a valid SHA1", value);
-	memset(oldsha1, 0, 20);
+	hashclr(oldsha1);
 	if (oldval && get_sha1(oldval, oldsha1))
 		die("%s: not a valid old SHA1", oldval);
 

builtin-write-tree.c

@@ -50,10 +50,10 @@ int write_tree(unsigned char *sha1, int missing_ok, const char *prefix)
 	if (prefix) {
 		struct cache_tree *subtree =
 			cache_tree_find(active_cache_tree, prefix);
-		memcpy(sha1, subtree->sha1, 20);
+		hashcpy(sha1, subtree->sha1);
 	}
 	else
-		memcpy(sha1, active_cache_tree->sha1, 20);
+		hashcpy(sha1, active_cache_tree->sha1);
 
 	rollback_lock_file(lock_file);
 

cache-tree.c

@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,
 		offset += sprintf(buffer + offset,
 				  "%o %.*s", mode, entlen, path + baselen);
 		buffer[offset++] = 0;
-		memcpy(buffer + offset, sha1, 20);
+		hashcpy((unsigned char*)buffer + offset, sha1);
 		offset += 20;
 
 #if DEBUG
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ static void *write_one(struct cache_tree *it,
 #endif
 
 	if (0 <= it->entry_count) {
-		memcpy(buffer + *offset, it->sha1, 20);
+		hashcpy((unsigned char*)buffer + *offset, it->sha1);
 		*offset += 20;
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < it->subtree_nr; i++) {
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ static struct cache_tree *read_one(const char **buffer, unsigned long *size_p)
 	if (0 <= it->entry_count) {
 		if (size < 20)
 			goto free_return;
-		memcpy(it->sha1, buf, 20);
+		hashcpy(it->sha1, (unsigned char*)buf);
 		buf += 20;
 		size -= 20;
 	}

cache.h

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ extern int cache_errno;
 #define INDEX_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_INDEX_FILE"
 #define GRAFT_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_GRAFT_FILE"
 
-extern char *get_git_dir(void);
+extern const char *get_git_dir(void);
 extern char *get_object_directory(void);
 extern char *get_refs_directory(void);
 extern char *get_index_file(void);
@@ -214,6 +214,18 @@ static inline int is_null_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	return !memcmp(sha1, null_sha1, 20);
 }
+static inline int hashcmp(const unsigned char *sha1, const unsigned char *sha2)
+{
+	return memcmp(sha1, sha2, 20);
+}
+static inline void hashcpy(unsigned char *sha_dst, const unsigned char *sha_src)
+{
+	memcpy(sha_dst, sha_src, 20);
+}
+static inline void hashclr(unsigned char *hash)
+{
+	memset(hash, 0, 20);
+}
 
 int git_mkstemp(char *path, size_t n, const char *template);
 
@@ -384,6 +396,7 @@ extern char git_default_name[MAX_GITNAME];
 extern char git_commit_encoding[MAX_ENCODING_LENGTH];
 
 extern int copy_fd(int ifd, int ofd);
+extern void write_or_die(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);
 
 /* Finish off pack transfer receiving end */
 extern int receive_unpack_pack(int fd[2], const char *me, int quiet, int);

combine-diff.c

@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ static struct combine_diff_path *intersect_paths(struct combine_diff_path *curr,
 			memset(p->parent, 0,
 			       sizeof(p->parent[0]) * num_parent);
 
-			memcpy(p->sha1, q->queue[i]->two->sha1, 20);
+			hashcpy(p->sha1, q->queue[i]->two->sha1);
 			p->mode = q->queue[i]->two->mode;
-			memcpy(p->parent[n].sha1, q->queue[i]->one->sha1, 20);
+			hashcpy(p->parent[n].sha1, q->queue[i]->one->sha1);
 			p->parent[n].mode = q->queue[i]->one->mode;
 			p->parent[n].status = q->queue[i]->status;
 			*tail = p;
@@ -56,8 +56,7 @@ static struct combine_diff_path *intersect_paths(struct combine_diff_path *curr,
 			len = strlen(path);
 			if (len == p->len && !memcmp(path, p->path, len)) {
 				found = 1;
-				memcpy(p->parent[n].sha1,
-				       q->queue[i]->one->sha1, 20);
+				hashcpy(p->parent[n].sha1, q->queue[i]->one->sha1);
 				p->parent[n].mode = q->queue[i]->one->mode;
 				p->parent[n].status = q->queue[i]->status;
 				break;
@@ -688,8 +687,8 @@ static void show_patch_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
 	for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++) {
 		int j;
 		for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
-			if (!memcmp(elem->parent[i].sha1,
-				    elem->parent[j].sha1, 20)) {
+			if (!hashcmp(elem->parent[i].sha1,
+				     elem->parent[j].sha1)) {
 				reuse_combine_diff(sline, cnt, i, j);
 				break;
 			}
@@ -927,6 +926,7 @@ void diff_tree_combined_merge(const unsigned char *sha1,
 	for (parents = commit->parents, num_parent = 0;
 	     parents;
 	     parents = parents->next, num_parent++)
-		memcpy(parent + num_parent, parents->item->object.sha1, 20);
+		hashcpy((unsigned char*)(parent + num_parent),
+			parents->item->object.sha1);
 	diff_tree_combined(sha1, parent, num_parent, dense, rev);
 }

commit.c

@@ -7,15 +7,15 @@ int save_commit_buffer = 1;
 struct sort_node
 {
 	/*
-         * the number of children of the associated commit
-         * that also occur in the list being sorted.
-         */
+	 * the number of children of the associated commit
+	 * that also occur in the list being sorted.
+	 */
 	unsigned int indegree;
 
 	/*
-         * reference to original list item that we will re-use
-         * on output.
-         */
+	 * reference to original list item that we will re-use
+	 * on output.
+	 */
 	struct commit_list * list_item;
 
 };
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ static int commit_graft_pos(const unsigned char *sha1)
 	while (lo < hi) {
 		int mi = (lo + hi) / 2;
 		struct commit_graft *graft = commit_graft[mi];
-		int cmp = memcmp(sha1, graft->sha1, 20);
+		int cmp = hashcmp(sha1, graft->sha1);
 		if (!cmp)
 			return mi;
 		if (cmp < 0)

connect.c

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ struct ref **get_remote_heads(int in, struct ref **list,
 		if (nr_match && !path_match(name, nr_match, match))
 			continue;
 		ref = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ref) + len - 40);
-		memcpy(ref->old_sha1, old_sha1, 20);
+		hashcpy(ref->old_sha1, old_sha1);
 		memcpy(ref->name, buffer + 41, len - 40);
 		*list = ref;
 		list = &ref->next;
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ static struct ref *try_explicit_object_name(const char *name)
 	len = strlen(name) + 1;
 	ref = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ref) + len);
 	memcpy(ref->name, name, len);
-	memcpy(ref->new_sha1, sha1, 20);
+	hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, sha1);
 	return ref;
 }
 
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ int match_refs(struct ref *src, struct ref *dst, struct ref ***dst_tail,
 			int len = strlen(src->name) + 1;
 			dst_peer = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*dst_peer) + len);
 			memcpy(dst_peer->name, src->name, len);
-			memcpy(dst_peer->new_sha1, src->new_sha1, 20);
+			hashcpy(dst_peer->new_sha1, src->new_sha1);
 			link_dst_tail(dst_peer, dst_tail);
 		}
 		dst_peer->peer_ref = src;

contrib/gitview/gitview.txt

@@ -7,40 +7,50 @@ gitview - A GTK based repository browser for git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
-'gitview'  [options] [args]
+'gitview' [options] [args]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 ---------
 
-Dependencies
+Dependencies:
 
 * Python 2.4
 * PyGTK 2.8 or later
 * PyCairo 1.0 or later
 
 OPTIONS
-------
-	--without-diff
-		If the user doesn't want to list the commit diffs in the main window. This may speed up the repository browsing.
+-------
+--without-diff::
 
-	<args>
-		All the valid option for git-rev-list(1)
-	Key Bindings:
-	F4:
-		To maximize the window
-	F5:
-		To reread references.
-	F11:
-		Full screen
-	F12:
-		Leave full screen
+	If the user doesn't want to list the commit diffs in the main window.
+	This may speed up the repository browsing.
+
+<args>::
+
+	All the valid option for gitlink:git-rev-list[1].
+
+Key Bindings
+------------
+F4::
+	To maximize the window
+
+F5::
+	To reread references.
+
+F11::
+	Full screen
+
+F12::
+	Leave full screen
 
 EXAMPLES
-------
-	gitview v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi
-	  Show as the changes since version v2.6.12 that changed any file in the include/scsi
-	  or drivers/scsi subdirectories
+--------
 
-	gitview --since=2.weeks.ago
-	  Show the changes during the last two weeks
+gitview v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi::
 
+	Show as the changes since version v2.6.12 that changed any file in the
+	include/scsi or drivers/scsi subdirectories
+
+gitview --since=2.weeks.ago::
+
+	Show the changes during the last two weeks

convert-objects.c

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ static struct entry * convert_entry(unsigned char *sha1);
 static struct entry *insert_new(unsigned char *sha1, int pos)
 {
 	struct entry *new = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct entry));
-	memcpy(new->old_sha1, sha1, 20);
+	hashcpy(new->old_sha1, sha1);
 	memmove(convert + pos + 1, convert + pos, (nr_convert - pos) * sizeof(struct entry *));
 	convert[pos] = new;
 	nr_convert++;
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ static struct entry *lookup_entry(unsigned char *sha1)
 	while (low < high) {
 		int next = (low + high) / 2;
 		struct entry *n = convert[next];
-		int cmp = memcmp(sha1, n->old_sha1, 20);
+		int cmp = hashcmp(sha1, n->old_sha1);
 		if (!cmp)
 			return n;
 		if (cmp < 0) {
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ static struct entry *lookup_entry(unsigned char *sha1)
 static void convert_binary_sha1(void *buffer)
 {
 	struct entry *entry = convert_entry(buffer);
-	memcpy(buffer, entry->new_sha1, 20);
+	hashcpy(buffer, entry->new_sha1);
 }
 
 static void convert_ascii_sha1(void *buffer)
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ static int write_subdirectory(void *buffer, unsigned long size, const char *base
 		if (!slash) {
 			newlen += sprintf(new + newlen, "%o %s", mode, path);
 			new[newlen++] = '\0';
-			memcpy(new + newlen, (char *) buffer + len - 20, 20);
+			hashcpy((unsigned char*)new + newlen, (unsigned char *) buffer + len - 20);
 			newlen += 20;
 
 			used += len;

csum-file.c

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ int sha1close(struct sha1file *f, unsigned char *result, int update)
 	}
 	SHA1_Final(f->buffer, &f->ctx);
 	if (result)
-		memcpy(result, f->buffer, 20);
+		hashcpy(result, f->buffer);
 	if (update)
 		sha1flush(f, 20);
 	if (close(f->fd))

date.c

@@ -584,10 +584,10 @@ static const char *approxidate_alpha(const char *date, struct tm *tm, int *num)
 	const struct typelen *tl;
 	const struct special *s;
 	const char *end = date;
-	int n = 1, i;
+	int i;
 
-	while (isalpha(*++end))
-		n++;
+	while (isalpha(*++end));
+		;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
 		int match = match_string(date, month_names[i]);

describe.c

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ static void add_to_known_names(const char *path,
 	struct commit_name *name = xmalloc(sizeof(struct commit_name) + len);
 
 	name->commit = commit;
-	name->prio = prio; 
+	name->prio = prio;
 	memcpy(name->path, path, len);
 	idx = names;
 	if (idx >= allocs) {
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 			tags = 1;
 		else if (!strncmp(arg, "--abbrev=", 9)) {
 			abbrev = strtoul(arg + 9, NULL, 10);
-			if (abbrev < MINIMUM_ABBREV || 40 <= abbrev)
+			if (abbrev < MINIMUM_ABBREV || 40 < abbrev)
 				abbrev = DEFAULT_ABBREV;
 		}
 		else

diff-delta.c

@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ struct delta_index * create_delta_index(const void *buf, unsigned long bufsize)
 	   initialization in create_delta(). */
 	entries = (bufsize - 1)  / RABIN_WINDOW;
 	hsize = entries / 4;
-	for (i = 4; (1 << i) < hsize && i < 31; i++);
+	for (i = 4; (1u << i) < hsize && i < 31; i++);
 	hsize = 1 << i;
 	hmask = hsize - 1;
 

diff-lib.c

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ int run_diff_files(struct rev_info *revs, int silent_on_removed)
 			memcpy(dpath->path, ce->name, path_len);
 			dpath->path[path_len] = '\0';
 			dpath->mode = 0;
-			memset(dpath->sha1, 0, 20);
+			hashclr(dpath->sha1);
 			memset(&(dpath->parent[0]), 0,
 					sizeof(struct combine_diff_parent)*5);
 
@@ -66,8 +66,7 @@ int run_diff_files(struct rev_info *revs, int silent_on_removed)
 				if (2 <= stage) {
 					int mode = ntohl(nce->ce_mode);
 					num_compare_stages++;
-					memcpy(dpath->parent[stage-2].sha1,
-					       nce->sha1, 20);
+					hashcpy(dpath->parent[stage-2].sha1, nce->sha1);
 					dpath->parent[stage-2].mode =
 						canon_mode(mode);
 					dpath->parent[stage-2].status =
@@ -215,7 +214,7 @@ static int show_modified(struct rev_info *revs,
 	}
 
 	oldmode = old->ce_mode;
-	if (mode == oldmode && !memcmp(sha1, old->sha1, 20) &&
+	if (mode == oldmode && !hashcmp(sha1, old->sha1) &&
 	    !revs->diffopt.find_copies_harder)
 		return 0;
 

diff.c

@@ -1101,7 +1101,7 @@ void fill_filespec(struct diff_filespec *spec, const unsigned char *sha1,
 {
 	if (mode) {
 		spec->mode = canon_mode(mode);
-		memcpy(spec->sha1, sha1, 20);
+		hashcpy(spec->sha1, sha1);
 		spec->sha1_valid = !is_null_sha1(sha1);
 	}
 }
@@ -1140,7 +1140,7 @@ static int work_tree_matches(const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1)
 	if ((lstat(name, &st) < 0) ||
 	    !S_ISREG(st.st_mode) || /* careful! */
 	    ce_match_stat(ce, &st, 0) ||
-	    memcmp(sha1, ce->sha1, 20))
+	    hashcmp(sha1, ce->sha1))
 		return 0;
 	/* we return 1 only when we can stat, it is a regular file,
 	 * stat information matches, and sha1 recorded in the cache
@@ -1168,7 +1168,7 @@ static struct sha1_size_cache *locate_size_cache(unsigned char *sha1,
 	while (last > first) {
 		int cmp, next = (last + first) >> 1;
 		e = sha1_size_cache[next];
-		cmp = memcmp(e->sha1, sha1, 20);
+		cmp = hashcmp(e->sha1, sha1);
 		if (!cmp)
 			return e;
 		if (cmp < 0) {
@@ -1194,7 +1194,7 @@ static struct sha1_size_cache *locate_size_cache(unsigned char *sha1,
 			sizeof(*sha1_size_cache));
 	e = xmalloc(sizeof(struct sha1_size_cache));
 	sha1_size_cache[first] = e;
-	memcpy(e->sha1, sha1, 20);
+	hashcpy(e->sha1, sha1);
 	e->size = size;
 	return e;
 }
@@ -1516,7 +1516,7 @@ static void diff_fill_sha1_info(struct diff_filespec *one)
 		}
 	}
 	else
-		memset(one->sha1, 0, 20);
+		hashclr(one->sha1);
 }
 
 static void run_diff(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o)
@@ -1579,7 +1579,7 @@ static void run_diff(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o)
 		;
 	}
 
-	if (memcmp(one->sha1, two->sha1, 20)) {
+	if (hashcmp(one->sha1, two->sha1)) {
 		int abbrev = o->full_index ? 40 : DEFAULT_ABBREV;
 
 		len += snprintf(msg + len, sizeof(msg) - len,
@@ -2098,7 +2098,7 @@ int diff_unmodified_pair(struct diff_filepair *p)
 	 * dealing with a change.
 	 */
 	if (one->sha1_valid && two->sha1_valid &&
-	    !memcmp(one->sha1, two->sha1, sizeof(one->sha1)))
+	    !hashcmp(one->sha1, two->sha1))
 		return 1; /* no change */
 	if (!one->sha1_valid && !two->sha1_valid)
 		return 1; /* both look at the same file on the filesystem. */
@@ -2237,7 +2237,7 @@ static void diff_resolve_rename_copy(void)
 			if (!p->status)
 				p->status = DIFF_STATUS_RENAMED;
 		}
-		else if (memcmp(p->one->sha1, p->two->sha1, 20) ||
+		else if (hashcmp(p->one->sha1, p->two->sha1) ||
 			 p->one->mode != p->two->mode)
 			p->status = DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED;
 		else {

diffcore-break.c

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ static int should_break(struct diff_filespec *src,
 		return 0; /* leave symlink rename alone */
 
 	if (src->sha1_valid && dst->sha1_valid &&
-	    !memcmp(src->sha1, dst->sha1, 20))
+	    !hashcmp(src->sha1, dst->sha1))
 		return 0; /* they are the same */
 
 	if (diff_populate_filespec(src, 0) || diff_populate_filespec(dst, 0))

diffcore-rename.c

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ static int is_exact_match(struct diff_filespec *src,
 			  int contents_too)
 {
 	if (src->sha1_valid && dst->sha1_valid &&
-	    !memcmp(src->sha1, dst->sha1, 20))
+	    !hashcmp(src->sha1, dst->sha1))
 		return 1;
 	if (!contents_too)
 		return 0;

dump-cache-tree.c

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ static int dump_cache_tree(struct cache_tree *it,
 	}
 	else {
 		dump_one(it, pfx, "");
-		if (memcmp(it->sha1, ref->sha1, 20) ||
+		if (hashcmp(it->sha1, ref->sha1) ||
 		    ref->entry_count != it->entry_count ||
 		    ref->subtree_nr != it->subtree_nr) {
 			dump_one(ref, pfx, "#(ref) ");

environment.c

@@ -25,8 +25,9 @@ int zlib_compression_level = Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION;
 int pager_in_use;
 int pager_use_color = 1;
 
-static char *git_dir, *git_object_dir, *git_index_file, *git_refs_dir,
-	*git_graft_file;
+static const char *git_dir;
+static char *git_object_dir, *git_index_file, *git_refs_dir, *git_graft_file;
+
 static void setup_git_env(void)
 {
 	git_dir = getenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ static void setup_git_env(void)
 		git_graft_file = strdup(git_path("info/grafts"));
 }
 
-char *get_git_dir(void)
+const char *get_git_dir(void)
 {
 	if (!git_dir)
 		setup_git_env();

fetch-pack.c

@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ static int everything_local(struct ref **refs, int nr_match, char **match)
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		memcpy(ref->new_sha1, local, 20);
+		hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, local);
 		if (!verbose)
 			continue;
 		fprintf(stderr,

fetch.c

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ static int process_commit(struct commit *commit)
 	if (commit->object.flags & COMPLETE)
 		return 0;
 
-	memcpy(current_commit_sha1, commit->object.sha1, 20);
+	hashcpy(current_commit_sha1, commit->object.sha1);
 
 	pull_say("walk %s\n", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
 

fsck-objects.c

@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ static void add_sha1_list(unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long ino)
 	int nr;
 
 	entry->ino = ino;
-	memcpy(entry->sha1, sha1, 20);
+	hashcpy(entry->sha1, sha1);
 	nr = sha1_list.nr;
 	if (nr == MAX_SHA1_ENTRIES) {
 		fsck_sha1_list();

git-send-email.perl

@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
 					if ($2 eq $from) {
 						next if ($suppress_from);
 					}
-					else {
+					elsif ($1 eq 'From') {
 						$author_not_sender = $2;
 					}
 					printf("(mbox) Adding cc: %s from line '%s'\n",

git-svn.perl

@@ -51,7 +51,8 @@ my ($_revision,$_stdin,$_no_ignore_ext,$_no_stop_copy,$_help,$_rmdir,$_edit,
 	$_message, $_file, $_follow_parent, $_no_metadata,
 	$_template, $_shared, $_no_default_regex, $_no_graft_copy,
 	$_limit, $_verbose, $_incremental, $_oneline, $_l_fmt, $_show_commit,
-	$_version, $_upgrade, $_authors, $_branch_all_refs, @_opt_m);
+	$_version, $_upgrade, $_authors, $_branch_all_refs, @_opt_m,
+	$_merge, $_strategy, $_dry_run);
 my (@_branch_from, %tree_map, %users, %rusers, %equiv);
 my ($_svn_co_url_revs, $_svn_pg_peg_revs);
 my @repo_path_split_cache;
@@ -118,6 +119,11 @@ my %cmd = (
 			{ 'message|m=s' => \$_message,
 			  'file|F=s' => \$_file,
 			%cmt_opts } ],
+	dcommit => [ \&dcommit, 'Commit several diffs to merge with upstream',
+			{ 'merge|m|M' => \$_merge,
+			  'strategy|s=s' => \$_strategy,
+			  'dry-run|n' => \$_dry_run,
+			%cmt_opts } ],
 );
 
 my $cmd;
@@ -500,6 +506,8 @@ sub commit_lib {
 	my @lock = $SVN::Core::VERSION ge '1.2.0' ? (undef, 0) : ();
 	my $commit_msg = "$GIT_SVN_DIR/.svn-commit.tmp.$$";
 
+	my $repo;
+	($repo, $SVN_PATH) = repo_path_split($SVN_URL);
 	set_svn_commit_env();
 	foreach my $c (@revs) {
 		my $log_msg = get_commit_message($c, $commit_msg);
@@ -508,6 +516,8 @@ sub commit_lib {
 		# can't track down... (it's probably in the SVN code)
 		defined(my $pid = open my $fh, '-|') or croak $!;
 		if (!$pid) {
+			$SVN_LOG = libsvn_connect($repo);
+			$SVN = libsvn_connect($repo);
 			my $ed = SVN::Git::Editor->new(
 					{	r => $r_last,
 						ra => $SVN,
@@ -557,6 +567,33 @@ sub commit_lib {
 	unlink $commit_msg;
 }
 
+sub dcommit {
+	my $gs = "refs/remotes/$GIT_SVN";
+	chomp(my @refs = safe_qx(qw/git-rev-list --no-merges/, "$gs..HEAD"));
+	foreach my $d (reverse @refs) {
+		if ($_dry_run) {
+			print "diff-tree $d~1 $d\n";
+		} else {
+			commit_diff("$d~1", $d);
+		}
+	}
+	return if $_dry_run;
+	fetch();
+	my @diff = safe_qx(qw/git-diff-tree HEAD/, $gs);
+	my @finish;
+	if (@diff) {
+		@finish = qw/rebase/;
+		push @finish, qw/--merge/ if $_merge;
+		push @finish, "--strategy=$_strategy" if $_strategy;
+		print STDERR "W: HEAD and $gs differ, using @finish:\n", @diff;
+	} else {
+		print "No changes between current HEAD and $gs\n",
+		      "Hard resetting to the latest $gs\n";
+		@finish = qw/reset --hard/;
+	}
+	sys('git', @finish, $gs);
+}
+
 sub show_ignore {
 	$SVN_URL ||= file_to_s("$GIT_SVN_DIR/info/url");
 	$_use_lib ? show_ignore_lib() : show_ignore_cmd();

git.c

@@ -292,11 +292,11 @@ static void handle_internal_command(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
 		if (p->option & USE_PAGER)
 			setup_pager();
 		if (getenv("GIT_TRACE")) {
-			int i;
+			int j;
 			fprintf(stderr, "trace: built-in: git");
-			for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
+			for (j = 0; j < argc; ++j) {
 				fputc(' ', stderr);
-				sq_quote_print(stderr, argv[i]);
+				sq_quote_print(stderr, argv[j]);
 			}
 			putc('\n', stderr);
 			fflush(stderr);

gitweb/gitweb.perl

@@ -2291,7 +2291,7 @@ HTML
 		chomp $line;
 		$line_class_num = ($line_class_num + 1) % $line_class_len;
 
-		if ($line =~ m/^([0-9a-fA-F]{40})\t\(\s*([^\t]+)\t(\d+) \+\d\d\d\d\t(\d+)\)(.*)$/) {
+		if ($line =~ m/^([0-9a-fA-F]{40})\t\(\s*([^\t]+)\t(\d+) [+-]\d\d\d\d\t(\d+)\)(.*)$/) {
 			$long_rev = $1;
 			$author   = $2;
 			$time     = $3;

http-fetch.c

@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ static void finish_object_request(struct object_request *obj_req)
 		unlink(obj_req->tmpfile);
 		return;
 	}
-	if (memcmp(obj_req->sha1, obj_req->real_sha1, 20)) {
+	if (hashcmp(obj_req->sha1, obj_req->real_sha1)) {
 		unlink(obj_req->tmpfile);
 		return;
 	}
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ void prefetch(unsigned char *sha1)
 	char *filename = sha1_file_name(sha1);
 
 	newreq = xmalloc(sizeof(*newreq));
-	memcpy(newreq->sha1, sha1, 20);
+	hashcpy(newreq->sha1, sha1);
 	newreq->repo = alt;
 	newreq->url = NULL;
 	newreq->local = -1;
@@ -1070,7 +1070,7 @@ static int fetch_object(struct alt_base *repo, unsigned char *sha1)
 	int ret = 0;
 	struct object_request *obj_req = object_queue_head;
 
-	while (obj_req != NULL && memcmp(obj_req->sha1, sha1, 20))
+	while (obj_req != NULL && hashcmp(obj_req->sha1, sha1))
 		obj_req = obj_req->next;
 	if (obj_req == NULL)
 		return error("Couldn't find request for %s in the queue", hex);
@@ -1109,7 +1109,7 @@ static int fetch_object(struct alt_base *repo, unsigned char *sha1)
 	} else if (obj_req->zret != Z_STREAM_END) {
 		corrupt_object_found++;
 		ret = error("File %s (%s) corrupt", hex, obj_req->url);
-	} else if (memcmp(obj_req->sha1, obj_req->real_sha1, 20)) {
+	} else if (hashcmp(obj_req->sha1, obj_req->real_sha1)) {
 		ret = error("File %s has bad hash", hex);
 	} else if (obj_req->rename < 0) {
 		ret = error("unable to write sha1 filename %s",

http-push.c

@@ -745,7 +745,7 @@ static void finish_request(struct transfer_request *request)
 			SHA1_Final(request->real_sha1, &request->c);
 			if (request->zret != Z_STREAM_END) {
 				unlink(request->tmpfile);
-			} else if (memcmp(request->obj->sha1, request->real_sha1, 20)) {
+			} else if (hashcmp(request->obj->sha1, request->real_sha1)) {
 				unlink(request->tmpfile);
 			} else {
 				request->rename =
@@ -1700,7 +1700,7 @@ static int locking_available(void)
 	return lock_flags;
 }
 
-struct object_list **add_one_object(struct object *obj, struct object_list **p)
+static struct object_list **add_one_object(struct object *obj, struct object_list **p)
 {
 	struct object_list *entry = xmalloc(sizeof(struct object_list));
 	entry->item = obj;
@@ -1874,7 +1874,7 @@ static int one_local_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1)
 	struct ref *ref;
 	int len = strlen(refname) + 1;
 	ref = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ref) + len);
-	memcpy(ref->new_sha1, sha1, 20);
+	hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, sha1);
 	memcpy(ref->name, refname, len);
 	*local_tail = ref;
 	local_tail = &ref->next;
@@ -1909,7 +1909,7 @@ static void one_remote_ref(char *refname)
 	}
 
 	ref = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ref) + len);
-	memcpy(ref->old_sha1, remote_sha1, 20);
+	hashcpy(ref->old_sha1, remote_sha1);
 	memcpy(ref->name, refname, len);
 	*remote_tail = ref;
 	remote_tail = &ref->next;
@@ -2164,7 +2164,7 @@ static void fetch_symref(const char *path, char **symref, unsigned char *sha1)
 	if (*symref != NULL)
 		free(*symref);
 	*symref = NULL;
-	memset(sha1, 0, 20);
+	hashclr(sha1);
 
 	if (buffer.posn == 0)
 		return;
@@ -2416,7 +2416,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 		if (!ref->peer_ref)
 			continue;
-		if (!memcmp(ref->old_sha1, ref->peer_ref->new_sha1, 20)) {
+		if (!hashcmp(ref->old_sha1, ref->peer_ref->new_sha1)) {
 			if (push_verbosely || 1)
 				fprintf(stderr, "'%s': up-to-date\n", ref->name);
 			continue;
@@ -2445,7 +2445,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 				continue;
 			}
 		}
-		memcpy(ref->new_sha1, ref->peer_ref->new_sha1, 20);
+		hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, ref->peer_ref->new_sha1);
 		if (is_zero_sha1(ref->new_sha1)) {
 			error("cannot happen anymore");
 			rc = -3;

index-pack.c

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ static void parse_pack_header(void)
 	SHA1_Init(&ctx);
 	SHA1_Update(&ctx, pack_base, pack_size - 20);
 	SHA1_Final(sha1, &ctx);
-	if (memcmp(sha1, pack_base + pack_size - 20, 20))
+	if (hashcmp(sha1, pack_base + pack_size - 20))
 		die("packfile '%s' SHA1 mismatch", pack_name);
 }
 
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ static void *unpack_raw_entry(unsigned long offset,
 	case OBJ_DELTA:
 		if (pos + 20 >= pack_limit)
 			bad_object(offset, "object extends past end of pack");
-		memcpy(delta_base, pack_base + pos, 20);
+		hashcpy(delta_base, pack_base + pos);
 		pos += 20;
 		/* fallthru */
 	case OBJ_COMMIT:
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ static int find_delta(const unsigned char *base_sha1)
                 struct delta_entry *delta = &deltas[next];
                 int cmp;
 
-                cmp = memcmp(base_sha1, delta->base_sha1, 20);
+                cmp = hashcmp(base_sha1, delta->base_sha1);
                 if (!cmp)
                         return next;
                 if (cmp < 0) {
@@ -210,9 +210,9 @@ static int find_deltas_based_on_sha1(const unsigned char *base_sha1,
 
 	if (first < 0)
 		return -1;
-	while (first > 0 && !memcmp(deltas[first-1].base_sha1, base_sha1, 20))
+	while (first > 0 && !hashcmp(deltas[first - 1].base_sha1, base_sha1))
 		--first;
-	while (last < end && !memcmp(deltas[last+1].base_sha1, base_sha1, 20))
+	while (last < end && !hashcmp(deltas[last + 1].base_sha1, base_sha1))
 		++last;
 	*first_index = first;
 	*last_index = last;
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ static int compare_delta_entry(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
 	const struct delta_entry *delta_a = a;
 	const struct delta_entry *delta_b = b;
-	return memcmp(delta_a->base_sha1, delta_b->base_sha1, 20);
+	return hashcmp(delta_a->base_sha1, delta_b->base_sha1);
 }
 
 static void parse_pack_objects(void)
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ static void parse_pack_objects(void)
 		if (obj->type == OBJ_DELTA) {
 			struct delta_entry *delta = &deltas[nr_deltas++];
 			delta->obj = obj;
-			memcpy(delta->base_sha1, base_sha1, 20);
+			hashcpy(delta->base_sha1, base_sha1);
 		} else
 			sha1_object(data, data_size, obj->type, obj->sha1);
 		free(data);
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ static int sha1_compare(const void *_a, const void *_b)
 {
 	struct object_entry *a = *(struct object_entry **)_a;
 	struct object_entry *b = *(struct object_entry **)_b;
-	return memcmp(a->sha1, b->sha1, 20);
+	return hashcmp(a->sha1, b->sha1);
 }
 
 static void write_index_file(const char *index_name, unsigned char *sha1)

merge-tree.c

@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ static int same_entry(struct name_entry *a, struct name_entry *b)
 {
 	return	a->sha1 &&
 		b->sha1 &&
-		!memcmp(a->sha1, b->sha1, 20) &&
+		!hashcmp(a->sha1, b->sha1) &&
 		a->mode == b->mode;
 }
 

mktree.c

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ static void append_to_tree(unsigned mode, unsigned char *sha1, char *path)
 	ent = entries[used++] = xmalloc(sizeof(**entries) + len + 1);
 	ent->mode = mode;
 	ent->len = len;
-	memcpy(ent->sha1, sha1, 20);
+	hashcpy(ent->sha1, sha1);
 	memcpy(ent->name, path, len+1);
 }
 
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ static void write_tree(unsigned char *sha1)
 		offset += sprintf(buffer + offset, "%o ", ent->mode);
 		offset += sprintf(buffer + offset, "%s", ent->name);
 		buffer[offset++] = 0;
-		memcpy(buffer + offset, ent->sha1, 20);
+		hashcpy((unsigned char*)buffer + offset, ent->sha1);
 		offset += 20;
 	}
 	write_sha1_file(buffer, offset, tree_type, sha1);

object.c

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ struct object *lookup_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 
 	i = hashtable_index(sha1);
 	while ((obj = obj_hash[i]) != NULL) {
-		if (!memcmp(sha1, obj->sha1, 20))
+		if (!hashcmp(sha1, obj->sha1))
 			break;
 		i++;
 		if (i == obj_hash_size)
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ void created_object(const unsigned char *sha1, struct object *obj)
 	obj->used = 0;
 	obj->type = OBJ_NONE;
 	obj->flags = 0;
-	memcpy(obj->sha1, sha1, 20);
+	hashcpy(obj->sha1, sha1);
 
 	if (obj_hash_size - 1 <= nr_objs * 2)
 		grow_object_hash();

pack-check.c

@@ -29,10 +29,10 @@ static int verify_packfile(struct packed_git *p)
 	pack_base = p->pack_base;
 	SHA1_Update(&ctx, pack_base, pack_size - 20);
 	SHA1_Final(sha1, &ctx);
-	if (memcmp(sha1, (char *) pack_base + pack_size - 20, 20))
+	if (hashcmp(sha1, (unsigned char *)pack_base + pack_size - 20))
 		return error("Packfile %s SHA1 mismatch with itself",
 			     p->pack_name);
-	if (memcmp(sha1, (char *) index_base + index_size - 40, 20))
+	if (hashcmp(sha1, (unsigned char *)index_base + index_size - 40))
 		return error("Packfile %s SHA1 mismatch with idx",
 			     p->pack_name);
 
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ int verify_pack(struct packed_git *p, int verbose)
 	SHA1_Init(&ctx);
 	SHA1_Update(&ctx, index_base, index_size - 20);
 	SHA1_Final(sha1, &ctx);
-	if (memcmp(sha1, (char *) index_base + index_size - 20, 20))
+	if (hashcmp(sha1, (unsigned char *)index_base + index_size - 20))
 		ret = error("Packfile index for %s SHA1 mismatch",
 			    p->pack_name);
 

pack-redundant.c

@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ static inline struct llist_item *llist_insert_sorted_unique(struct llist *list,
 
 	l = (hint == NULL) ? list->front : hint;
 	while (l) {
-		int cmp = memcmp(l->sha1, sha1, 20);
+		int cmp = hashcmp(l->sha1, sha1);
 		if (cmp > 0) { /* we insert before this entry */
 			return llist_insert(list, prev, sha1);
 		}
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ redo_from_start:
 	l = (hint == NULL) ? list->front : hint;
 	prev = NULL;
 	while (l) {
-		int cmp = memcmp(l->sha1, sha1, 20);
+		int cmp = hashcmp(l->sha1, sha1);
 		if (cmp > 0) /* not in list, since sorted */
 			return prev;
 		if(!cmp) { /* found */
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ static void cmp_two_packs(struct pack_list *p1, struct pack_list *p2)
 	while (p1_off <= p1->pack->index_size - 3 * 20 &&
 	       p2_off <= p2->pack->index_size - 3 * 20)
 	{
-		int cmp = memcmp(p1_base + p1_off, p2_base + p2_off, 20);
+		int cmp = hashcmp(p1_base + p1_off, p2_base + p2_off);
 		/* cmp ~ p1 - p2 */
 		if (cmp == 0) {
 			p1_hint = llist_sorted_remove(p1->unique_objects,
@@ -351,16 +351,16 @@ static size_t sizeof_union(struct packed_git *p1, struct packed_git *p2)
 {
 	size_t ret = 0;
 	int p1_off, p2_off;
-	char *p1_base, *p2_base;
+	unsigned char *p1_base, *p2_base;
 
 	p1_off = p2_off = 256 * 4 + 4;
-	p1_base = (char *)p1->index_base;
-	p2_base = (char *)p2->index_base;
+	p1_base = (unsigned char *)p1->index_base;
+	p2_base = (unsigned char *)p2->index_base;
 
 	while (p1_off <= p1->index_size - 3 * 20 &&
 	       p2_off <= p2->index_size - 3 * 20)
 	{
-		int cmp = memcmp(p1_base + p1_off, p2_base + p2_off, 20);
+		int cmp = hashcmp(p1_base + p1_off, p2_base + p2_off);
 		/* cmp ~ p1 - p2 */
 		if (cmp == 0) {
 			ret++;

patch-id.c

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ static void generate_id_list(void)
 
 		if (!get_sha1_hex(p, n)) {
 			flush_current_id(patchlen, sha1, &ctx);
-			memcpy(sha1, n, 20);
+			hashcpy(sha1, n);
 			patchlen = 0;
 			continue;
 		}

read-cache.c

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ static int ce_compare_data(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 	if (fd >= 0) {
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 		if (!index_fd(sha1, fd, st, 0, NULL))
-			match = memcmp(sha1, ce->sha1, 20);
+			match = hashcmp(sha1, ce->sha1);
 		/* index_fd() closed the file descriptor already */
 	}
 	return match;
@@ -744,7 +744,7 @@ static int verify_hdr(struct cache_header *hdr, unsigned long size)
 	SHA1_Init(&c);
 	SHA1_Update(&c, hdr, size - 20);
 	SHA1_Final(sha1, &c);
-	if (memcmp(sha1, (char *) hdr + size - 20, 20))
+	if (hashcmp(sha1, (unsigned char *)hdr + size - 20))
 		return error("bad index file sha1 signature");
 	return 0;
 }

receive-pack.c

@@ -247,8 +247,8 @@ static void read_head_info(void)
 				report_status = 1;
 		}
 		cmd = xmalloc(sizeof(struct command) + len - 80);
-		memcpy(cmd->old_sha1, old_sha1, 20);
-		memcpy(cmd->new_sha1, new_sha1, 20);
+		hashcpy(cmd->old_sha1, old_sha1);
+		hashcpy(cmd->new_sha1, new_sha1);
 		memcpy(cmd->ref_name, line + 82, len - 81);
 		cmd->error_string = "n/a (unpacker error)";
 		cmd->next = NULL;

refs.c

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ const char *resolve_ref(const char *path, unsigned char *sha1, int reading)
 		if (lstat(path, &st) < 0) {
 			if (reading || errno != ENOENT)
 				return NULL;
-			memset(sha1, 0, 20);
+			hashclr(sha1);
 			return path;
 		}
 
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ static struct ref_lock *verify_lock(struct ref_lock *lock,
 		unlock_ref(lock);
 		return NULL;
 	}
-	if (memcmp(lock->old_sha1, old_sha1, 20)) {
+	if (hashcmp(lock->old_sha1, old_sha1)) {
 		error("Ref %s is at %s but expected %s", lock->ref_file,
 			sha1_to_hex(lock->old_sha1), sha1_to_hex(old_sha1));
 		unlock_ref(lock);
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ int write_ref_sha1(struct ref_lock *lock,
 
 	if (!lock)
 		return -1;
-	if (!lock->force_write && !memcmp(lock->old_sha1, sha1, 20)) {
+	if (!lock->force_write && !hashcmp(lock->old_sha1, sha1)) {
 		unlock_ref(lock);
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ int read_ref_at(const char *ref, unsigned long at_time, unsigned char *sha1)
 					die("Log %s is corrupt.", logfile);
 				if (get_sha1_hex(rec + 41, sha1))
 					die("Log %s is corrupt.", logfile);
-				if (memcmp(logged_sha1, sha1, 20)) {
+				if (hashcmp(logged_sha1, sha1)) {
 					tz = strtoul(tz_c, NULL, 10);
 					fprintf(stderr,
 						"warning: Log %s has gap after %s.\n",
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ int read_ref_at(const char *ref, unsigned long at_time, unsigned char *sha1)
 			else {
 				if (get_sha1_hex(rec + 41, logged_sha1))
 					die("Log %s is corrupt.", logfile);
-				if (memcmp(logged_sha1, sha1, 20)) {
+				if (hashcmp(logged_sha1, sha1)) {
 					tz = strtoul(tz_c, NULL, 10);
 					fprintf(stderr,
 						"warning: Log %s unexpectedly ended on %s.\n",

revision.c

@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ static int add_parents_only(struct rev_info *revs, const char *arg, int flags)
 		it = get_reference(revs, arg, sha1, 0);
 		if (it->type != OBJ_TAG)
 			break;
-		memcpy(sha1, ((struct tag*)it)->tagged->sha1, 20);
+		hashcpy(sha1, ((struct tag*)it)->tagged->sha1);
 	}
 	if (it->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
 		return 0;

send-pack.c

@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ static int one_local_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1)
 	struct ref *ref;
 	int len = strlen(refname) + 1;
 	ref = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ref) + len);
-	memcpy(ref->new_sha1, sha1, 20);
+	hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, sha1);
 	memcpy(ref->name, refname, len);
 	*local_tail = ref;
 	local_tail = &ref->next;
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ static int send_pack(int in, int out, int nr_refspec, char **refspec)
 		char old_hex[60], *new_hex;
 		if (!ref->peer_ref)
 			continue;
-		if (!memcmp(ref->old_sha1, ref->peer_ref->new_sha1, 20)) {
+		if (!hashcmp(ref->old_sha1, ref->peer_ref->new_sha1)) {
 			if (verbose)
 				fprintf(stderr, "'%s': up-to-date\n", ref->name);
 			continue;
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ static int send_pack(int in, int out, int nr_refspec, char **refspec)
 				continue;
 			}
 		}
-		memcpy(ref->new_sha1, ref->peer_ref->new_sha1, 20);
+		hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, ref->peer_ref->new_sha1);
 		if (is_zero_sha1(ref->new_sha1)) {
 			error("cannot happen anymore");
 			ret = -3;

sha1_file.c

@@ -463,6 +463,7 @@ int use_packed_git(struct packed_git *p)
 		int fd;
 		struct stat st;
 		void *map;
+		struct pack_header *hdr;
 
 		pack_mapped += p->pack_size;
 		while (PACK_MAX_SZ < pack_mapped && unuse_one_packed_git())
@@ -482,13 +483,24 @@ int use_packed_git(struct packed_git *p)
 			die("packfile %s cannot be mapped.", p->pack_name);
 		p->pack_base = map;
 
+		/* Check if we understand this pack file.  If we don't we're
+		 * likely too old to handle it.
+		 */
+		hdr = map;
+		if (hdr->hdr_signature != htonl(PACK_SIGNATURE))
+			die("packfile %s isn't actually a pack.", p->pack_name);
+		if (!pack_version_ok(hdr->hdr_version))
+			die("packfile %s is version %i and not supported"
+				" (try upgrading GIT to a newer version)",
+				p->pack_name, ntohl(hdr->hdr_version));
+
 		/* Check if the pack file matches with the index file.
 		 * this is cheap.
 		 */
-		if (memcmp((char*)(p->index_base) + p->index_size - 40,
-			   (char *) p->pack_base + p->pack_size - 20,
-			   20)) {
-
+		if (hashcmp((unsigned char *)(p->index_base) +
+			    p->index_size - 40,
+			    (unsigned char *)p->pack_base +
+			    p->pack_size - 20)) {
 			die("packfile %s does not match index.", p->pack_name);
 		}
 	}
@@ -528,7 +540,7 @@ struct packed_git *add_packed_git(char *path, int path_len, int local)
 	p->pack_use_cnt = 0;
 	p->pack_local = local;
 	if ((path_len > 44) && !get_sha1_hex(path + path_len - 44, sha1))
-		memcpy(p->sha1, sha1, 20);
+		hashcpy(p->sha1, sha1);
 	return p;
 }
 
@@ -559,7 +571,7 @@ struct packed_git *parse_pack_index_file(const unsigned char *sha1, char *idx_pa
 	p->pack_base = NULL;
 	p->pack_last_used = 0;
 	p->pack_use_cnt = 0;
-	memcpy(p->sha1, sha1, 20);
+	hashcpy(p->sha1, sha1);
 	return p;
 }
 
@@ -643,7 +655,7 @@ int check_sha1_signature(const unsigned char *sha1, void *map, unsigned long siz
 	SHA1_Update(&c, header, 1+sprintf(header, "%s %lu", type, size));
 	SHA1_Update(&c, map, size);
 	SHA1_Final(real_sha1, &c);
-	return memcmp(sha1, real_sha1, 20) ? -1 : 0;
+	return hashcmp(sha1, real_sha1) ? -1 : 0;
 }
 
 void *map_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *size)
@@ -941,7 +953,7 @@ int check_reuse_pack_delta(struct packed_git *p, unsigned long offset,
 	ptr = unpack_object_header(p, ptr, kindp, sizep);
 	if (*kindp != OBJ_DELTA)
 		goto done;
-	memcpy(base, (char *) p->pack_base + ptr, 20);
+	hashcpy(base, (unsigned char *) p->pack_base + ptr);
 	status = 0;
  done:
 	unuse_packed_git(p);
@@ -969,7 +981,7 @@ void packed_object_info_detail(struct pack_entry *e,
 		if (p->pack_size <= offset + 20)
 			die("pack file %s records an incomplete delta base",
 			    p->pack_name);
-		memcpy(base_sha1, pack, 20);
+		hashcpy(base_sha1, pack);
 		do {
 			struct pack_entry base_ent;
 			unsigned long junk;
@@ -1045,9 +1057,6 @@ static int packed_object_info(struct pack_entry *entry,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-/* forward declaration for a mutually recursive function */
-static void *unpack_entry(struct pack_entry *, char *, unsigned long *);
-
 static void *unpack_delta_entry(unsigned char *base_sha1,
 				unsigned long delta_size,
 				unsigned long left,
@@ -1192,7 +1201,7 @@ int nth_packed_object_sha1(const struct packed_git *p, int n,
 	void *index = p->index_base + 256;
 	if (n < 0 || num_packed_objects(p) <= n)
 		return -1;
-	memcpy(sha1, (char *) index + (24 * n) + 4, 20);
+	hashcpy(sha1, (unsigned char *) index + (24 * n) + 4);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1206,10 +1215,10 @@ int find_pack_entry_one(const unsigned char *sha1,
 
 	do {
 		int mi = (lo + hi) / 2;
-		int cmp = memcmp((char *) index + (24 * mi) + 4, sha1, 20);
+		int cmp = hashcmp((unsigned char *)index + (24 * mi) + 4, sha1);
 		if (!cmp) {
 			e->offset = ntohl(*((unsigned int *) ((char *) index + (24 * mi))));
-			memcpy(e->sha1, sha1, 20);
+			hashcpy(e->sha1, sha1);
 			e->p = p;
 			return 1;
 		}
@@ -1322,7 +1331,7 @@ void *read_object_with_reference(const unsigned char *sha1,
 	unsigned long isize;
 	unsigned char actual_sha1[20];
 
-	memcpy(actual_sha1, sha1, 20);
+	hashcpy(actual_sha1, sha1);
 	while (1) {
 		int ref_length = -1;
 		const char *ref_type = NULL;
@@ -1333,7 +1342,7 @@ void *read_object_with_reference(const unsigned char *sha1,
 		if (!strcmp(type, required_type)) {
 			*size = isize;
 			if (actual_sha1_return)
-				memcpy(actual_sha1_return, actual_sha1, 20);
+				hashcpy(actual_sha1_return, actual_sha1);
 			return buffer;
 		}
 		/* Handle references */
@@ -1528,7 +1537,7 @@ int write_sha1_file(void *buf, unsigned long len, const char *type, unsigned cha
 	 */
 	filename = write_sha1_file_prepare(buf, len, type, sha1, hdr, &hdrlen);
 	if (returnsha1)
-		memcpy(returnsha1, sha1, 20);
+		hashcpy(returnsha1, sha1);
 	if (has_sha1_file(sha1))
 		return 0;
 	fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
@@ -1715,7 +1724,7 @@ int write_sha1_from_fd(const unsigned char *sha1, int fd, char *buffer,
 		unlink(tmpfile);
 		return error("File %s corrupted", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	}
-	if (memcmp(sha1, real_sha1, 20)) {
+	if (hashcmp(sha1, real_sha1)) {
 		unlink(tmpfile);
 		return error("File %s has bad hash", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	}

sha1_name.c

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ static int find_short_packed_object(int len, const unsigned char *match, unsigne
 			int cmp;
 
 			nth_packed_object_sha1(p, mid, now);
-			cmp = memcmp(match, now, 20);
+			cmp = hashcmp(match, now);
 			if (!cmp) {
 				first = mid;
 				break;
@@ -103,10 +103,10 @@ static int find_short_packed_object(int len, const unsigned char *match, unsigne
 				    !match_sha(len, match, next)) {
 					/* unique within this pack */
 					if (!found) {
-						memcpy(found_sha1, now, 20);
+						hashcpy(found_sha1, now);
 						found++;
 					}
-					else if (memcmp(found_sha1, now, 20)) {
+					else if (hashcmp(found_sha1, now)) {
 						found = 2;
 						break;
 					}
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ static int find_short_packed_object(int len, const unsigned char *match, unsigne
 		}
 	}
 	if (found == 1)
-		memcpy(sha1, found_sha1, 20);
+		hashcpy(sha1, found_sha1);
 	return found;
 }
 
@@ -140,13 +140,13 @@ static int find_unique_short_object(int len, char *canonical,
 	if (1 < has_unpacked || 1 < has_packed)
 		return SHORT_NAME_AMBIGUOUS;
 	if (has_unpacked != has_packed) {
-		memcpy(sha1, (has_packed ? packed_sha1 : unpacked_sha1), 20);
+		hashcpy(sha1, (has_packed ? packed_sha1 : unpacked_sha1));
 		return 0;
 	}
 	/* Both have unique ones -- do they match? */
-	if (memcmp(packed_sha1, unpacked_sha1, 20))
+	if (hashcmp(packed_sha1, unpacked_sha1))
 		return SHORT_NAME_AMBIGUOUS;
-	memcpy(sha1, packed_sha1, 20);
+	hashcpy(sha1, packed_sha1);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ static int get_short_sha1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1,
 
 	if (len < MINIMUM_ABBREV)
 		return -1;
-	memset(res, 0, 20);
+	hashclr(res);
 	memset(canonical, 'x', 40);
 	for (i = 0; i < len ;i++) {
 		unsigned char c = name[i];
@@ -320,13 +320,13 @@ static int get_parent(const char *name, int len,
 	if (parse_commit(commit))
 		return -1;
 	if (!idx) {
-		memcpy(result, commit->object.sha1, 20);
+		hashcpy(result, commit->object.sha1);
 		return 0;
 	}
 	p = commit->parents;
 	while (p) {
 		if (!--idx) {
-			memcpy(result, p->item->object.sha1, 20);
+			hashcpy(result, p->item->object.sha1);
 			return 0;
 		}
 		p = p->next;
@@ -347,9 +347,9 @@ static int get_nth_ancestor(const char *name, int len,
 
 		if (!commit || parse_commit(commit) || !commit->parents)
 			return -1;
-		memcpy(sha1, commit->parents->item->object.sha1, 20);
+		hashcpy(sha1, commit->parents->item->object.sha1);
 	}
-	memcpy(result, sha1, 20);
+	hashcpy(result, sha1);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ static int peel_onion(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 		o = deref_tag(o, name, sp - name - 2);
 		if (!o || (!o->parsed && !parse_object(o->sha1)))
 			return -1;
-		memcpy(sha1, o->sha1, 20);
+		hashcpy(sha1, o->sha1);
 	}
 	else {
 		/* At this point, the syntax look correct, so
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ static int peel_onion(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 			if (!o || (!o->parsed && !parse_object(o->sha1)))
 				return -1;
 			if (o->type == expected_type) {
-				memcpy(sha1, o->sha1, 20);
+				hashcpy(sha1, o->sha1);
 				return 0;
 			}
 			if (o->type == OBJ_TAG)
@@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ int get_sha1(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
 			    memcmp(ce->name, cp, namelen))
 				break;
 			if (ce_stage(ce) == stage) {
-				memcpy(sha1, ce->sha1, 20);
+				hashcpy(sha1, ce->sha1);
 				return 0;
 			}
 			pos++;

ssh-fetch.c

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ int fetch(unsigned char *sha1)
 	signed char remote;
 	struct object_list *temp;
 
-	if (memcmp(sha1, in_transit->item->sha1, 20)) {
+	if (hashcmp(sha1, in_transit->item->sha1)) {
 		/* we must have already fetched it to clean the queue */
 		return has_sha1_file(sha1) ? 0 : -1;
 	}

t/t7001-mv.sh

@@ -82,4 +82,8 @@ test_expect_failure \
     'do not move directory over existing directory' \
     'mkdir path0 && mkdir path0/path2 && git-mv path2 path0'
 
+test_expect_success \
+    'move into "."' \
+    'git-mv path1/path2/ .'
+
 test_done

tree-diff.c

@@ -39,8 +39,7 @@ static int compare_tree_entry(struct tree_desc *t1, struct tree_desc *t2, const
 		show_entry(opt, "+", t2, base);
 		return 1;
 	}
-	if (!opt->find_copies_harder &&
-	    !memcmp(sha1, sha2, 20) && mode1 == mode2)
+	if (!opt->find_copies_harder && !hashcmp(sha1, sha2) && mode1 == mode2)
 		return 0;
 
 	/*

tree-walk.c

@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ static int find_tree_entry(struct tree_desc *t, const char *name, unsigned char
 		if (cmp < 0)
 			break;
 		if (entrylen == namelen) {
-			memcpy(result, sha1, 20);
+			hashcpy(result, sha1);
 			return 0;
 		}
 		if (name[entrylen] != '/')
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ static int find_tree_entry(struct tree_desc *t, const char *name, unsigned char
 		if (!S_ISDIR(*mode))
 			break;
 		if (++entrylen == namelen) {
-			memcpy(result, sha1, 20);
+			hashcpy(result, sha1);
 			return 0;
 		}
 		return get_tree_entry(sha1, name + entrylen, result, mode);

tree.c

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ static int read_one_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base, int basel
 	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(baselen + len, stage);
 	memcpy(ce->name, base, baselen);
 	memcpy(ce->name + baselen, pathname, len+1);
-	memcpy(ce->sha1, sha1, 20);
+	hashcpy(ce->sha1, sha1);
 	return add_cache_entry(ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD|ADD_CACHE_SKIP_DFCHECK);
 }
 

unpack-trees.c

@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ static int unpack_trees_rec(struct tree_entry_list **posns, int len,
 
 			any_files = 1;
 
-			memcpy(ce->sha1, posns[i]->sha1, 20);
+			hashcpy(ce->sha1, posns[i]->sha1);
 			src[i + o->merge] = ce;
 			subposns[i] = df_conflict_list;
 			posns[i] = posns[i]->next;
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ static int same(struct cache_entry *a, struct cache_entry *b)
 	if (!a && !b)
 		return 1;
 	return a->ce_mode == b->ce_mode &&
-		!memcmp(a->sha1, b->sha1, 20);
+	       !hashcmp(a->sha1, b->sha1);
 }
 
 

upload-pack.c

@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ static int get_common_commits(void)
 					     sha1_to_hex(sha1),
 					     multi_ack ?  " continue" : "");
 				if (multi_ack)
-					memcpy(last_sha1, sha1, 20);
+					hashcpy(last_sha1, sha1);
 			}
 			continue;
 		}

write_or_die.c

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+
+void write_or_die(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
+{
+	const char *p = buf;
+	ssize_t written;
+
+	while (count > 0) {
+		written = xwrite(fd, p, count);
+		if (written == 0)
+			die("disk full?");
+		else if (written < 0) {
+			if (errno == EPIPE)
+				exit(0);
+			die("write error (%s)", strerror(errno));
+		}
+		count -= written;
+		p += written;
+	}
+}