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user-manual: add "quick start" as chapter 1
Add a "quick start" guide, modelled after Mercurial's, as the first chapter. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
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J. Bruce Fields
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@ -4,11 +4,14 @@ _________________
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This manual is designed to be readable by someone with basic unix
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commandline skills, but no previous knowledge of git.
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Chapters 1 and 2 explain how to fetch and study a project using
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Chapter 1 gives a brief overview of git commands, without any
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explanation; you can skip to chapter 2 on a first reading.
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Chapters 2 and 3 explain how to fetch and study a project using
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git--the tools you'd need to build and test a particular version of a
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software project, to search for regressions, and so on.
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Chapter 3 explains how to do development with git, and chapter 4 how
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Chapter 4 explains how to do development with git, and chapter 5 how
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to share that development with others.
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Further chapters cover more specialized topics.
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@ -20,6 +23,201 @@ pages. For a command such as "git clone", just use
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$ man git-clone
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------------------------------------------------
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Git Quick Start
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===============
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This is a quick summary of the major commands; the following chapters
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will explain how these work in more detail.
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Creating a new repository
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-------------------------
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From a tarball:
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-----------------------------------------------
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$ tar xzf project.tar.gz
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$ cd project
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$ git init
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Initialized empty Git repository in .git/
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$ git add .
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$ git commit
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-----------------------------------------------
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From a remote repository:
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-----------------------------------------------
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$ git clone git://example.com/pub/project.git
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$ cd project
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-----------------------------------------------
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Managing branches
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-----------------
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-----------------------------------------------
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$ git branch # list all branches in this repo
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$ git checkout test # switch working directory to branch "test"
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$ git branch new # create branch "new" starting at current HEAD
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$ git branch -d new # delete branch "new"
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-----------------------------------------------
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Instead of basing new branch on current HEAD (the default), use:
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-----------------------------------------------
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$ git branch new test # branch named "test"
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$ git branch new v2.6.15 # tag named v2.6.15
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$ git branch new HEAD^ # commit before the most recent
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$ git branch new HEAD^^ # commit before that
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$ git branch new test~10 # ten commits before tip of branch "test"
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-----------------------------------------------
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Create and switch to a new branch at the same time:
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-----------------------------------------------
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$ git checkout -b new v2.6.15
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-----------------------------------------------
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Update and examine branches from the repository you cloned from:
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-----------------------------------------------
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$ git fetch # update
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$ git branch -r # list
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origin/master
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origin/next
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...
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$ git branch checkout -b masterwork origin/master
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-----------------------------------------------
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Fetch a branch from a different repository, and give it a new
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name in your repository:
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-----------------------------------------------
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$ git fetch git://example.com/project.git theirbranch:mybranch
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$ git fetch git://example.com/project.git v2.6.15:mybranch
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-----------------------------------------------
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Keep a list of repositories you work with regularly:
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-----------------------------------------------
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$ git remote add example git://example.com/project.git
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$ git remote # list remote repositories
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example
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origin
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$ git remote show example # get details
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* remote example
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URL: git://example.com/project.git
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Tracked remote branches
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master next ...
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$ git fetch example # update branches from example
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$ git branch -r # list all remote branches
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-----------------------------------------------
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Exploring history
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-----------------
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-----------------------------------------------
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$ gitk # visualize and browse history
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$ git log # list all commits
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$ git log src/ # ...modifying src/
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$ git log v2.6.15..v2.6.16 # ...in v2.6.16, not in v2.6.15
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$ git log master..test # ...in branch test, not in branch master
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$ git log test..master # ...in branch master, but not in test
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$ git log test...master # ...in one branch, not in both
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$ git log -S'foo()' # ...where difference contain "foo()"
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$ git log --since="2 weeks ago"
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$ git log -p # show patches as well
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$ git show # most recent commit
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$ git diff v2.6.15..v2.6.16 # diff between two tagged versions
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$ git diff v2.6.15..HEAD # diff with current head
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$ git grep "foo()" # search working directory for "foo()"
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$ git grep v2.6.15 "foo()" # search old tree for "foo()"
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$ git show v2.6.15:a.txt # look at old version of a.txt
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-----------------------------------------------
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Searching for regressions:
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-----------------------------------------------
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$ git bisect start
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$ git bisect bad # current version is bad
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$ git bisect good v2.6.13-rc2 # last known good revision
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Bisecting: 675 revisions left to test after this
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# test here, then:
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$ git bisect good # if this revision is good, or
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$ git bisect bad # if this revision is bad.
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# repeat until done.
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-----------------------------------------------
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Making changes
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--------------
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Make sure git knows who to blame:
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------------------------------------------------
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$ cat >~/.gitconfig <<\EOF
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[user]
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name = Your Name Comes Here
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email = you@yourdomain.example.com
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EOF
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------------------------------------------------
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Select file contents to include in the next commit, then make the
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commit:
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-----------------------------------------------
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$ git add a.txt # updated file
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$ git add b.txt # new file
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$ git rm c.txt # old file
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$ git commit
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-----------------------------------------------
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Or, prepare and create the commit in one step:
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-----------------------------------------------
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$ git commit d.txt # use latest content of d.txt
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$ git commit -a # use latest content of all tracked files
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-----------------------------------------------
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Merging
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-------
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-----------------------------------------------
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$ git merge test # merge branch "test" into the current branch
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$ git pull git://example.com/project.git master
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# fetch and merge in remote branch
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$ git pull . test # equivalent to git merge test
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-----------------------------------------------
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Sharing development
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-------------------
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Importing or exporting patches:
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-----------------------------------------------
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$ git format-patch origin..HEAD # format a patch for each commit
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# in HEAD but not in origin
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$ git-am mbox # import patches from the mailbox "mbox"
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-----------------------------------------------
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Fetch a branch from a different git repository:
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-----------------------------------------------
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$ git fetch git://example.com/project.git theirbranch:mybranch
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-----------------------------------------------
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Fetch a branch in a different git repository, then merge into the
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current branch:
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-----------------------------------------------
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$ git pull git://example.com/project.git theirbranch
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-----------------------------------------------
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Store the fetched branch into a local branch before merging into the
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current branch:
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-----------------------------------------------
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$ git pull git://example.com/project.git theirbranch:mybranch
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-----------------------------------------------
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Repositories and Branches
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=========================
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