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user-manual: move object format details to hacking-git chapter
Most of this is probably only of interest to git developers. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
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@ -2760,29 +2760,6 @@ used to sign other objects. It contains the identifier and type of
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another object, a symbolic name (of course!) and, optionally, a
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signature.
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Regardless of object type, all objects share the following
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characteristics: they are all deflated with zlib, and have a header
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that not only specifies their type, but also provides size information
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about the data in the object. It's worth noting that the SHA1 hash
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that is used to name the object is the hash of the original data
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plus this header, so `sha1sum` 'file' does not match the object name
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for 'file'.
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(Historical note: in the dawn of the age of git the hash
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was the sha1 of the 'compressed' object.)
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As a result, the general consistency of an object can always be tested
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independently of the contents or the type of the object: all objects can
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be validated by verifying that (a) their hashes match the content of the
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file and (b) the object successfully inflates to a stream of bytes that
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forms a sequence of <ascii type without space> {plus} <space> {plus} <ascii decimal
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size> {plus} <byte\0> {plus} <binary object data>.
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The structured objects can further have their structure and
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connectivity to other objects verified. This is generally done with
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the `git-fsck` program, which generates a full dependency graph
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of all objects, and verifies their internal consistency (in addition
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to just verifying their superficial consistency through the hash).
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The object types in some more detail:
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[[blob-object]]
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@ -3481,6 +3458,38 @@ Hacking git
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This chapter covers internal details of the git implementation which
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probably only git developers need to understand.
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[[object-details]]
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Object storage format
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---------------------
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All objects have a statically determined "type" which identifies the
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format of the object (i.e. how it is used, and how it can refer to other
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objects). There are currently four different object types: "blob",
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"tree", "commit", and "tag".
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Regardless of object type, all objects share the following
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characteristics: they are all deflated with zlib, and have a header
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that not only specifies their type, but also provides size information
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about the data in the object. It's worth noting that the SHA1 hash
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that is used to name the object is the hash of the original data
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plus this header, so `sha1sum` 'file' does not match the object name
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for 'file'.
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(Historical note: in the dawn of the age of git the hash
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was the sha1 of the 'compressed' object.)
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As a result, the general consistency of an object can always be tested
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independently of the contents or the type of the object: all objects can
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be validated by verifying that (a) their hashes match the content of the
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file and (b) the object successfully inflates to a stream of bytes that
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forms a sequence of <ascii type without space> {plus} <space> {plus} <ascii decimal
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size> {plus} <byte\0> {plus} <binary object data>.
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The structured objects can further have their structure and
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connectivity to other objects verified. This is generally done with
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the `git-fsck` program, which generates a full dependency graph
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of all objects, and verifies their internal consistency (in addition
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to just verifying their superficial consistency through the hash).
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[[birdview-on-the-source-code]]
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A birds-eye view of Git's source code
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-------------------------------------
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