The result from "git diff" that compares two blobs, e.g. "git diff
$commit1:$path $commit2:$path", used to be shown with the full
object name as given on the command line, but it is more natural to
use the $path in the output and use it to look up .gitattributes.
* jk/diff-blob:
diff: use blob path for blob/file diffs
diff: use pending "path" if it is available
diff: use the word "path" instead of "name" for blobs
diff: pass whole pending entry in blobinfo
handle_revision_arg: record paths for pending objects
handle_revision_arg: record modes for "a..b" endpoints
t4063: add tests of direct blob diffs
get_sha1_with_context: dynamically allocate oc->path
get_sha1_with_context: always initialize oc->symlink_path
sha1_name: consistently refer to object_context as "oc"
handle_revision_arg: add handle_dotdot() helper
handle_revision_arg: hoist ".." check out of range parsing
handle_revision_arg: stop using "dotdot" as a generic pointer
handle_revision_arg: simplify commit reference lookups
handle_revision_arg: reset "dotdot" consistently
"git describe --contains" penalized light-weight tags so much that
they were almost never considered. Instead, give them about the
same chance to be considered as an annotated tag that is the same
age as the underlying commit would.
* jc/name-rev-lw-tag:
name-rev: favor describing with tags and use committer date to tiebreak
name-rev: refactor logic to see if a new candidate is a better name
"git pull --rebase --autostash" didn't auto-stash when the local history
fast-forwards to the upstream.
* tb/pull-ff-rebase-autostash:
pull: ff --rebase --autostash works in dirty repo
"git clean -d" used to clean directories that has ignored files,
even though the command should not lose ignored ones without "-x".
"git status --ignored" did not list ignored and untracked files
without "-uall". These have been corrected.
* sl/clean-d-ignored-fix:
clean: teach clean -d to preserve ignored paths
dir: expose cmp_name() and check_contains()
dir: hide untracked contents of untracked dirs
dir: recurse into untracked dirs for ignored files
t7061: status --ignored should search untracked dirs
t7300: clean -d should skip dirs with ignored files
Introduce the BUG() macro to improve die("BUG: ...").
* jk/bug-to-abort:
usage: add NORETURN to BUG() function definitions
config: complain about --local outside of a git repo
setup_git_env: convert die("BUG") to BUG()
usage.c: add BUG() function
"git interpret-trailers", when used as GIT_EDITOR for "git commit
-v", looked for and appended to a trailer block at the very end,
i.e. at the end of the "diff" output. The command has been
corrected to pay attention to the cut-mark line "commit -v" adds to
the buffer---the real trailer block should appear just before it.
* bm/interpret-trailers-cut-line-is-eom:
interpret-trailers: honor the cut line
A few codepaths in "checkout" and "am" working on an unborn branch
tried to access an uninitialized piece of memory.
* rs/checkout-am-fix-unborn:
am: check return value of resolve_refdup before using hash
checkout: check return value of resolve_refdup before using hash
"git clone --config var=val" is a way to populate the
per-repository configuration file of the new repository, but it did
not work well when val is an empty string. This has been fixed.
* jn/clone-add-empty-config-from-command-line:
clone: handle empty config values in -c
Update the C style recommendation for notes for translators, as
recent versions of gettext tools can work with our style of
multi-line comments.
* ab/c-translators-comment-style:
C style: use standard style for "TRANSLATORS" comments
The receive-pack program now makes sure that the push certificate
records the same set of push options used for pushing.
* jt/push-options-doc:
receive-pack: verify push options in cert
docs: correct receive.advertisePushOptions default
"pack-objects" can stream a slice of an existing packfile out when
the pack bitmap can tell that the reachable objects are all needed
in the output, without inspecting individual objects. This
strategy however would not work well when "--local" and other
options are in use, and need to be disabled.
* jk/disable-pack-reuse-when-broken:
t5310: fix "; do" style
pack-objects: disable pack reuse for object-selection options
The codepath in "git am" that is used when running "git rebase"
leaked memory held for the log message of the commits being rebased.
* jk/am-leakfix:
am: shorten ident_split variable name in get_commit_info()
am: simplify allocations in get_commit_info()
am: fix commit buffer leak in get_commit_info()
"git read-tree -m" (no tree-ish) gave a nonsense suggestion "use
--empty if you want to clear the index". With "-m", such a request
will still fail anyway, as you'd need to name at least one tree-ish
to be merged.
* jc/read-tree-empty-with-m:
read-tree: "read-tree -m --empty" does not make sense
Git sometimes gives an advice in a rhetorical question that does
not require an answer, which can confuse new users and non native
speakers. Attempt to rephrase them.
* ja/do-not-ask-needless-questions:
git-filter-branch: be more direct in an error message
read-tree -m: make error message for merging 0 trees less smart aleck
usability: don't ask questions if no reply is required
Setting "log.decorate=false" in the configuration file did not take
effect in v2.13, which has been corrected.
* ah/log-decorate-default-to-auto:
builtin/log: honor log.decorate
When `git pull --rebase --autostash` in a dirty repository resulted in a
fast-forward, nothing was being autostashed and the pull failed. This
was due to a shortcut to avoid running rebase when we can fast-forward,
but autostash is ignored on that codepath.
Now we will only take the shortcut if autostash is not in effect.
Based on a few tests against the git.git repo, the shortcut does not
seem to give us significant performance benefits, on Linux at least.
Regardless, it is more important to be correct than to be fast.
Signed-off-by: Tyler Brazier <tyler@tylerbrazier.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Change all the "TRANSLATORS: [...]" comments in the C code to use the
regular Git coding style, and amend the style guide so that the
example there uses that style.
This custom style was necessary back in 2010 when the gettext support
was initially added, and was subsequently documented in commit
cbcfd4e3ea ("i18n: mention "TRANSLATORS:" marker in
Documentation/CodingGuidelines", 2014-04-18).
GNU xgettext hasn't had the parsing limitation that necessitated this
exception for almost 3 years. Since its 0.19 release on 2014-06-02
it's been able to recognize TRANSLATOR comments in the standard Git
comment syntax[1].
Usually we'd like to keep compatibility with software that's that
young, but in this case literally the only person who needs to be
using a gettext newer than 3 years old is Jiang Xin (the only person
who runs & commits "make pot" results), so I think in this case we can
make an exception.
This xgettext parsing feature was added after a thread on the Git
mailing list[2] which continued on the bug-gettext[3] list, but we
never subsequently changed our style & styleguide, do so.
There are already longstanding changes in git that use the standard
comment style & have their TRANSLATORS comments extracted properly
without getting the literal "*"'s mixed up in the text, as would
happen before xgettext 0.19.
Commit 7ff2683253 ("builtin-am: implement -i/--interactive",
2015-08-04) added one such comment, which in commit df0617bfa7 ("l10n:
git.pot: v2.6.0 round 1 (123 new, 41 removed)", 2015-09-05) got picked
up in the po/git.pot file with the right format, showing that Jiang
already runs a modern xgettext.
The xgettext parser does not handle the sort of non-standard comment
style that I'm amending here in sequencer.c, but that isn't standard
Git comment syntax anyway. With this change to sequencer.c & "make
pot" the comment in the pot file is now correct:
#. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert", "cherry-pick" or
-#. * "rebase -i".
+#. "rebase -i".
1. http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/gettext.git/commit/?id=10af7fe6bd
2. <2ce9ec406501d112e032c8208417f8100bed04c6.1397712142.git.worldhello.net@gmail.com>
(https://public-inbox.org/git/2ce9ec406501d112e032c8208417f8100bed04c6.1397712142.git.worldhello.net@gmail.com/)
3. https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-gettext/2014-04/msg00016.html
Signed-off-by: Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason <avarab@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Jiang Xin <worldhello.net@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
If the user provides "-h" on the command line, then our
parse_options() invocation will show a usage message and
quit. But if "-h" is the only argument, the git wrapper
behaves specially: it ignores our RUN_SETUP flag and calls
cmd_am() without having done repository setup at all. This
is due to 99caeed05 (Let 'git <command> -h' show usage
without a git dir, 2009-11-09).
Before cmd_am() calls parse_options(), though, it runs a few
other setup functions. One of these is am_state_init(),
which uses git_pathdup() to set up the default rebase-apply
path. But calling git_pathdup() when we haven't done
repository setup will fall back to using ".git". That's
mostly harmless (since we won't use the value anyway), but
is forbidden since b1ef400eec ("setup_git_env: avoid blind
fall-back to ".git"", 2016-10-20), and we now BUG().
We can't easily move that setup to after the parse_options()
call; the point is to set up defaults that are overwritten
by the option parsing. Instead, we'll detect the "-h" case
early and show the usage then. This matches the behavior of
other builtins which have a similar setup-ordering issue
(e.g., git-branch).
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
When we diff a blob against a working tree file like:
git diff HEAD:Makefile Makefile
we always use the working tree filename for both sides of
the diff. In most cases that's fine, as the two would be the
same anyway, as above. And until recently, we used the
"name" for the blob, not the path, which would have the
messy "HEAD:" on the beginning.
But when they don't match, like:
git diff HEAD:old_path new_path
it makes sense to show both names.
This patch uses the blob's path field if it's available, and
otherwise falls back to using the filename (in preference to
the blob's name, which is likely to be garbage like a raw
sha1).
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
There's a subtle distinction between "name" and "path" for a
blob that we resolve: the name is what the user told us on
the command line, and the path is what we traversed when
finding the blob within a tree (if we did so).
When we diff blobs directly, we use "name", but "path" is
more likely to be useful to the user (it will find the
correct .gitattributes, and give them a saner diff header).
We still have to fall back to using the name for some cases
(i.e., any blob reference that isn't of the form tree:path).
That's the best we can do in such a case.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
The stuff_change() function makes diff_filespecs out of
blobs. The term we generally use for filespecs is "path",
not "name", so let's be consistent here. That will make
things less confusing when the next patch starts caring
about the path/name distinction inside the pending object
array.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
When diffing blobs directly, git-diff picks the blobs out of
the rev_info's pending array and copies the relevant bits to
a custom "struct blobinfo". But the pending array entry
already has all of this information (and more, which we'll
use in future patches). Let's just pass the original entry
instead.
In practice, these two blobs are probably adjacent in the
revs->pending array, and we could just pass the whole array.
But the current code is careful to pick each blob out
separately and put it into another array, so we'll continue
to do so and make our own array-of-pointers.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
When a sha1 lookup returns the tree path via "struct
object_context", it just copies it into a fixed-size buffer.
This means the result can be truncated, and it means our
"struct object_context" consumes a lot of stack space.
Instead, let's allocate a string on the heap. Because most
callers don't care about this information, we'll avoid doing
it by default (so they don't all have to start calling
free() on the result). There are basically two options for
the caller to signal to us that it's interested:
1. By setting a pointer to storage in the object_context.
2. By passing a flag in another parameter.
Doing (1) would match the way that sha1_object_info_extended()
works. But it would mean that every caller would have to
initialize the object_context, which they don't currently
have to do.
This patch does (2), and adds a new bit to the function's
flags field. All of the callers that look at the "path"
field are updated to pass the new flag.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
There is an implicit assumption that a directory containing only
untracked and ignored paths should itself be considered untracked. This
makes sense in use cases where we're asking if a directory should be
added to the git database, but not when we're asking if a directory can
be safely removed from the working tree; as a result, clean -d would
assume that an "untracked" directory containing ignored paths could be
deleted, even though doing so would also remove the ignored paths.
To get around this, we teach clean -d to collect ignored paths and skip
an untracked directory if it contained an ignored path, instead just
removing the untracked contents thereof. To achieve this, cmd_clean()
has to collect all untracked contents of untracked directories, in
addition to all ignored paths, to determine which untracked dirs must be
skipped (because they contain ignored paths) and which ones should *not*
be skipped.
For this purpose, correct_untracked_entries() is introduced to prune a
given dir_struct of untracked entries containing ignored paths and those
untracked entries encompassed by the untracked entries which are not
pruned away.
A memory leak is also fixed in cmd_clean().
This also fixes the known breakage in t7300, since clean -d now skips
untracked directories containing ignored paths.
Signed-off-by: Samuel Lijin <sxlijin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
If a commit message is edited with the "verbose" option, the buffer
will have a cut line and diff after the log message, like so:
my subject
# ------------------------ >8 ------------------------
# Do not touch the line above.
# Everything below will be removed.
diff --git a/foo.txt b/foo.txt
index 5716ca5..7601807 100644
--- a/foo.txt
+++ b/foo.txt
@@ -1 +1 @@
-bar
+baz
"git interpret-trailers" is unaware of the cut line, and assumes the
trailer block would be at the end of the whole thing. This can easily
be seen with:
$ GIT_EDITOR='git interpret-trailers --in-place --trailer Acked-by:me' \
git commit --amend -v
Teach "git interpret-trailers" to notice the cut-line and ignore the
remainder of the input when looking for a place to add new trailer
block. This makes it consistent with how "git commit -v -s" inserts a
new Signed-off-by: line.
This can be done by the same logic as the existing helper function,
wt_status_truncate_message_at_cut_line(), uses, but it wants the caller
to pass a strbuf to it. Because the function ignore_non_trailer() used
by the command takes a <pointer, length> pair, not a strbuf, steal the
logic from wt_status_truncate_message_at_cut_line() to create a new
wt_status_locate_end() helper function that takes <pointer, length>
pair, and make ignore_non_trailer() call it to help "interpret-trailers".
Since there is only one caller of wt_status_truncate_message_at_cut_line()
in cmd_commit(), rewrite it to call wt_status_locate_end() helper instead
and remove the old helper that no longer has any caller.
Signed-off-by: Brian Malehorn <bmalehorn@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
The recent change that introduced autodecorating of refs accidentally
broke the ability of users to set log.decorate = false to override it.
When the git_log_config was traversed a second time with an option other
than log.decorate, the decoration style would be set to the automatic
style, even if the user had already overridden it. Instead of setting
the option in config parsing, set it in init_log_defaults instead.
Add a test for this case. The actual additional config option doesn't
matter, but it needs to be something not already set in the
configuration file.
Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
Acked-by: Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
The "--local" option instructs git-config to read or modify
the repository-level config. This doesn't make any sense if
you're not actually in a repository.
Older versions of Git would blindly try to read or write
".git/config". For reading, this would result in a quiet
failure, since there was no config to read (and thus no
matching config value). Writing would generally fail
noisily, since ".git" was unlikely to exist. But since
b1ef400ee (setup_git_env: avoid blind fall-back to ".git",
2016-10-20), we catch this in the call to git_pathdup() and
die with an assertion.
Dying is the right thing to do, but we should catch the
problem early and give a more human-friendly error message.
Note that even without --local, git-config will sometimes
default to using local repository config (e.g., when
writing). These cases are already protected by similar
checks, and covered by a test in t1308.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
"git read-tree -m" requires a tree argument to name the tree to be
merged in. Git uses a cutesy error message to say so and why:
$ git read-tree -m
warning: read-tree: emptying the index with no arguments is
deprecated; use --empty
fatal: just how do you expect me to merge 0 trees?
$ git read-tree -m --empty
fatal: just how do you expect me to merge 0 trees?
When lucky, that could produce an ah-hah moment for the user, but it's
more likely to irritate and distract them.
Instead, tell the user plainly that the tree argument is
required. Also document this requirement in the git-read-tree(1)
manpage where there is room to explain it in a more straightforward way.
Signed-off-by: Jean-Noel Avila <jn.avila@free.fr>
Helped-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
There has been a bug report by a corporate user that stated that
"spelling mistake of stash followed by a yes prints character 'y'
infinite times."
This analysis was false. When the spelling of a command contains
errors, the git program tries to help the user by providing candidates
which are close to the unexisting command. E.g Git prints the
following:
git: 'stahs' is not a git command. See 'git --help'.
Did you mean this?
stash
and then exits.
The problem with this hint is that it is not formally indicated as an
hint and the user is in fact encouraged to reply to the question,
whereas the Git command is already finished.
The user was unlucky enough that it was the command he was looking
for, and replied "yes" on the command line, effectively launching the
`yes` program.
The initial error is that the Git programs, when launched in
command-line mode (without interaction) must not ask questions,
because these questions would normally require a user input as a reply
that they won't handle indeed. That's a source of confusion on UX
level.
To improve the general usability of the Git suite, the following rule
was applied:
if the sentence
* appears in a non-interactive session
* is printed last before exit
* is a question addressing the user ("you")
the sentence is turned into affirmative and proposes the option.
The basic rewording of the question sentences has been extended to
other spots found in the source.
Requested at https://github.com/git/git-scm.com/issues/999 by rpai1
Signed-off-by: Jean-Noel Avila <jn.avila@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
fb1bb965 ("read-tree: deprecate syntax without tree-ish args",
2010-09-10) wanted to deprecate "git read-tree" without any tree,
which used to be the way to empty the index, and encourage use of
"git read-tree --empty" instead.
However, when used with "-m", "--empty" does not make any sense,
either, simply because merging 0 trees will result in a different
error anyway.
Omit the deprecation warning and let the code to emit real error
message diagnose the error.
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
In commit f6a4e61 ("push: accept push options", 2016-07-14), send-pack
was taught to include push options both within the signed cert (if the
push is a signed push) and outside the signed cert; however,
receive-pack ignores push options within the cert, only handling push
options outside the cert.
Teach receive-pack, in the case that push options are provided for a
signed push, to verify that the push options both within the cert and
outside the cert are consistent.
This sets in stone the requirement that send-pack redundantly send its
push options in 2 places, but I think that this is better than the
alternatives. Sending push options only within the cert is
backwards-incompatible with existing Git servers (which read push
options only from outside the cert), and sending push options only
outside the cert means that the push options are not signed for.
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Tan <jonathantanmy@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
When "git checkout -m" does an in-core three-way merge to carry
local modifications forward to check out a different branch, the
code forgot to free the updated contents it has in-core.
Noticed-by: René Scharfe <l.s.r@web.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
If certain options like --honor-pack-keep, --local, or
--incremental are used with pack-objects, then we need to
feed each potential object to want_object_in_pack() to see
if it should be filtered out. But when the bitmap
reuse_packfile optimization is in effect, we do not call
that function at all, and in fact skip adding the objects to
the to_pack list entirely. This means we have a bug: for
certain requests we will silently ignore those options and
include objects in that pack that should not be there.
The problem has been present since the inception of the
pack-reuse code in 6b8fda2db (pack-objects: use bitmaps when
packing objects, 2013-12-21), but it was unlikely to come up
in practice. These options are generally used for on-disk
packing, not transfer packs (which go to stdout), but we've
never allowed pack reuse for non-stdout packs (until
645c432d6, we did not even use bitmaps, which the reuse
optimization relies on; after that, we explicitly turned it
off when not packing to stdout).
We can fix this by just disabling the reuse_packfile
optimization when the options are in use. In theory we could
teach the pack-reuse code to satisfy these checks, but it's
not worth the complexity. The purpose of the optimization is
to keep the amount of per-object work we do to a minimum.
But these options inherently require us to search for other
copies of each object, drowning out any benefit of the
pack-reuse optimization. But note that the optimizations
from 56dfeb626 (pack-objects: compute local/ignore_pack_keep
early, 2016-07-29) happen before pack-reuse, meaning that
specifying "--honor-pack-keep" in a repository with no .keep
files can still follow the fast path.
There are tests in t5310 that check these options with
bitmaps and --stdout, but they didn't catch the bug, and
it's hard to adapt them to do so.
One problem is that they don't use --delta-base-offset;
without that option, we always disable the reuse
optimization entirely. It would be fine to add it in (it
actually makes the test more realistic), but that still
isn't quite enough.
The other problem is that the reuse code is very picky; it
only kicks in when it can reuse most of a pack, starting
from the first byte. So we'd have to start from a fully
repacked and bitmapped state to trigger it. But the tests
for these options use a much more subtle state; they want to
be sure that the want_object_in_pack() code is allowing some
objects but not others. Doing a full repack runs counter to
that.
So this patch adds new tests at the end of the script which
create the fully-packed state and make sure that each option
is not fooled by reusable pack.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
The buffer allocated by shorten_unambiguous_ref() needs to be released.
Discovered by Coverity.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
When the `name_rev()` function is asked to dereference the tip name, it
allocates memory. But when it turns out that another tip already
described the commit better than the current one, we forgot to release
the memory.
Pointed out by Coverity.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Reported by, you guessed it, Coverity.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
This change addresses part of the NEEDSWORK comment above the code,
therefore the comment needs to be adjusted, too.
Discovered via Coverity.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
While POSIX states that it is okay to pass EOF to isspace() (and it seems
to be implied that EOF should *not* be treated as whitespace), and also to
pass EOF to ungetc() (which seems to be intended to fail without buffering
the character), it is much better to handle these cases explicitly. Not
only does it reduce head-scratching (and helps static analysis avoid
reporting false positives), it also lets us handle files containing
nothing but whitespace by erroring out.
Reported via Coverity.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
This change plugs a couple of memory leaks and makes sure that the file
descriptor is closed in run_dir_diff().
Spotted by Coverity.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
When we fail to read, or parse, the file, we still want to close the file
descriptor and release the strbuf.
Reported via Coverity.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
If resolve_refdup() fails it returns NULL and possibly leaves its hash
output parameter untouched. Make sure to use it only if the function
succeeded, in order to avoid accessing uninitialized memory.
Signed-off-by: Rene Scharfe <l.s.r@web.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
If resolve_refdup() fails it returns NULL and possibly leaves its hash
output parameter untouched. Make sure to use it only if the function
succeeded, in order to avoid accessing uninitialized memory.
Found with t/t2011-checkout-invalid-head.sh --valgrind.
Signed-off-by: Rene Scharfe <l.s.r@web.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>