зеркало из https://github.com/microsoft/git.git
665 строки
21 KiB
Plaintext
665 строки
21 KiB
Plaintext
gitattributes(5)
|
|
================
|
|
|
|
NAME
|
|
----
|
|
gitattributes - defining attributes per path
|
|
|
|
SYNOPSIS
|
|
--------
|
|
$GIT_DIR/info/attributes, .gitattributes
|
|
|
|
|
|
DESCRIPTION
|
|
-----------
|
|
|
|
A `gitattributes` file is a simple text file that gives
|
|
`attributes` to pathnames.
|
|
|
|
Each line in `gitattributes` file is of form:
|
|
|
|
pattern attr1 attr2 ...
|
|
|
|
That is, a pattern followed by an attributes list,
|
|
separated by whitespaces. When the pattern matches the
|
|
path in question, the attributes listed on the line are given to
|
|
the path.
|
|
|
|
Each attribute can be in one of these states for a given path:
|
|
|
|
Set::
|
|
|
|
The path has the attribute with special value "true";
|
|
this is specified by listing only the name of the
|
|
attribute in the attribute list.
|
|
|
|
Unset::
|
|
|
|
The path has the attribute with special value "false";
|
|
this is specified by listing the name of the attribute
|
|
prefixed with a dash `-` in the attribute list.
|
|
|
|
Set to a value::
|
|
|
|
The path has the attribute with specified string value;
|
|
this is specified by listing the name of the attribute
|
|
followed by an equal sign `=` and its value in the
|
|
attribute list.
|
|
|
|
Unspecified::
|
|
|
|
No pattern matches the path, and nothing says if
|
|
the path has or does not have the attribute, the
|
|
attribute for the path is said to be Unspecified.
|
|
|
|
When more than one pattern matches the path, a later line
|
|
overrides an earlier line. This overriding is done per
|
|
attribute. The rules how the pattern matches paths are the
|
|
same as in `.gitignore` files; see linkgit:gitignore[5].
|
|
|
|
When deciding what attributes are assigned to a path, git
|
|
consults `$GIT_DIR/info/attributes` file (which has the highest
|
|
precedence), `.gitattributes` file in the same directory as the
|
|
path in question, and its parent directories (the further the
|
|
directory that contains `.gitattributes` is from the path in
|
|
question, the lower its precedence).
|
|
|
|
If you wish to affect only a single repository (i.e., to assign
|
|
attributes to files that are particular to one user's workflow), then
|
|
attributes should be placed in the `$GIT_DIR/info/attributes` file.
|
|
Attributes which should be version-controlled and distributed to other
|
|
repositories (i.e., attributes of interest to all users) should go into
|
|
`.gitattributes` files.
|
|
|
|
Sometimes you would need to override an setting of an attribute
|
|
for a path to `unspecified` state. This can be done by listing
|
|
the name of the attribute prefixed with an exclamation point `!`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
EFFECTS
|
|
-------
|
|
|
|
Certain operations by git can be influenced by assigning
|
|
particular attributes to a path. Currently, the following
|
|
operations are attributes-aware.
|
|
|
|
Checking-out and checking-in
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
These attributes affect how the contents stored in the
|
|
repository are copied to the working tree files when commands
|
|
such as 'git-checkout' and 'git-merge' run. They also affect how
|
|
git stores the contents you prepare in the working tree in the
|
|
repository upon 'git-add' and 'git-commit'.
|
|
|
|
`crlf`
|
|
^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
This attribute controls the line-ending convention.
|
|
|
|
Set::
|
|
|
|
Setting the `crlf` attribute on a path is meant to mark
|
|
the path as a "text" file. 'core.autocrlf' conversion
|
|
takes place without guessing the content type by
|
|
inspection.
|
|
|
|
Unset::
|
|
|
|
Unsetting the `crlf` attribute on a path tells git not to
|
|
attempt any end-of-line conversion upon checkin or checkout.
|
|
|
|
Unspecified::
|
|
|
|
Unspecified `crlf` attribute tells git to apply the
|
|
`core.autocrlf` conversion when the file content looks
|
|
like text.
|
|
|
|
Set to string value "input"::
|
|
|
|
This is similar to setting the attribute to `true`, but
|
|
also forces git to act as if `core.autocrlf` is set to
|
|
`input` for the path.
|
|
|
|
Any other value set to `crlf` attribute is ignored and git acts
|
|
as if the attribute is left unspecified.
|
|
|
|
|
|
The `core.autocrlf` conversion
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
If the configuration variable `core.autocrlf` is false, no
|
|
conversion is done.
|
|
|
|
When `core.autocrlf` is true, it means that the platform wants
|
|
CRLF line endings for files in the working tree, and you want to
|
|
convert them back to the normal LF line endings when checking
|
|
in to the repository.
|
|
|
|
When `core.autocrlf` is set to "input", line endings are
|
|
converted to LF upon checkin, but there is no conversion done
|
|
upon checkout.
|
|
|
|
If `core.safecrlf` is set to "true" or "warn", git verifies if
|
|
the conversion is reversible for the current setting of
|
|
`core.autocrlf`. For "true", git rejects irreversible
|
|
conversions; for "warn", git only prints a warning but accepts
|
|
an irreversible conversion. The safety triggers to prevent such
|
|
a conversion done to the files in the work tree, but there are a
|
|
few exceptions. Even though...
|
|
|
|
- 'git-add' itself does not touch the files in the work tree, the
|
|
next checkout would, so the safety triggers;
|
|
|
|
- 'git-apply' to update a text file with a patch does touch the files
|
|
in the work tree, but the operation is about text files and CRLF
|
|
conversion is about fixing the line ending inconsistencies, so the
|
|
safety does not trigger;
|
|
|
|
- 'git-diff' itself does not touch the files in the work tree, it is
|
|
often run to inspect the changes you intend to next 'git-add'. To
|
|
catch potential problems early, safety triggers.
|
|
|
|
|
|
`ident`
|
|
^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
When the attribute `ident` is set for a path, git replaces
|
|
`$Id$` in the blob object with `$Id:`, followed by the
|
|
40-character hexadecimal blob object name, followed by a dollar
|
|
sign `$` upon checkout. Any byte sequence that begins with
|
|
`$Id:` and ends with `$` in the worktree file is replaced
|
|
with `$Id$` upon check-in.
|
|
|
|
|
|
`filter`
|
|
^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
A `filter` attribute can be set to a string value that names a
|
|
filter driver specified in the configuration.
|
|
|
|
A filter driver consists of a `clean` command and a `smudge`
|
|
command, either of which can be left unspecified. Upon
|
|
checkout, when the `smudge` command is specified, the command is
|
|
fed the blob object from its standard input, and its standard
|
|
output is used to update the worktree file. Similarly, the
|
|
`clean` command is used to convert the contents of worktree file
|
|
upon checkin.
|
|
|
|
A missing filter driver definition in the config is not an error
|
|
but makes the filter a no-op passthru.
|
|
|
|
The content filtering is done to massage the content into a
|
|
shape that is more convenient for the platform, filesystem, and
|
|
the user to use. The key phrase here is "more convenient" and not
|
|
"turning something unusable into usable". In other words, the
|
|
intent is that if someone unsets the filter driver definition,
|
|
or does not have the appropriate filter program, the project
|
|
should still be usable.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interaction between checkin/checkout attributes
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
In the check-in codepath, the worktree file is first converted
|
|
with `filter` driver (if specified and corresponding driver
|
|
defined), then the result is processed with `ident` (if
|
|
specified), and then finally with `crlf` (again, if specified
|
|
and applicable).
|
|
|
|
In the check-out codepath, the blob content is first converted
|
|
with `crlf`, and then `ident` and fed to `filter`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Generating diff text
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
`diff`
|
|
^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
The attribute `diff` affects how 'git' generates diffs for particular
|
|
files. It can tell git whether to generate a textual patch for the path
|
|
or to treat the path as a binary file. It can also affect what line is
|
|
shown on the hunk header `@@ -k,l +n,m @@` line, tell git to use an
|
|
external command to generate the diff, or ask git to convert binary
|
|
files to a text format before generating the diff.
|
|
|
|
Set::
|
|
|
|
A path to which the `diff` attribute is set is treated
|
|
as text, even when they contain byte values that
|
|
normally never appear in text files, such as NUL.
|
|
|
|
Unset::
|
|
|
|
A path to which the `diff` attribute is unset will
|
|
generate `Binary files differ` (or a binary patch, if
|
|
binary patches are enabled).
|
|
|
|
Unspecified::
|
|
|
|
A path to which the `diff` attribute is unspecified
|
|
first gets its contents inspected, and if it looks like
|
|
text, it is treated as text. Otherwise it would
|
|
generate `Binary files differ`.
|
|
|
|
String::
|
|
|
|
Diff is shown using the specified diff driver. Each driver may
|
|
specify one or more options, as described in the following
|
|
section. The options for the diff driver "foo" are defined
|
|
by the configuration variables in the "diff.foo" section of the
|
|
git config file.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Defining an external diff driver
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
The definition of a diff driver is done in `gitconfig`, not
|
|
`gitattributes` file, so strictly speaking this manual page is a
|
|
wrong place to talk about it. However...
|
|
|
|
To define an external diff driver `jcdiff`, add a section to your
|
|
`$GIT_DIR/config` file (or `$HOME/.gitconfig` file) like this:
|
|
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
[diff "jcdiff"]
|
|
command = j-c-diff
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
When git needs to show you a diff for the path with `diff`
|
|
attribute set to `jcdiff`, it calls the command you specified
|
|
with the above configuration, i.e. `j-c-diff`, with 7
|
|
parameters, just like `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` program is called.
|
|
See linkgit:git[1] for details.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Defining a custom hunk-header
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
Each group of changes (called a "hunk") in the textual diff output
|
|
is prefixed with a line of the form:
|
|
|
|
@@ -k,l +n,m @@ TEXT
|
|
|
|
This is called a 'hunk header'. The "TEXT" portion is by default a line
|
|
that begins with an alphabet, an underscore or a dollar sign; this
|
|
matches what GNU 'diff -p' output uses. This default selection however
|
|
is not suited for some contents, and you can use a customized pattern
|
|
to make a selection.
|
|
|
|
First, in .gitattributes, you would assign the `diff` attribute
|
|
for paths.
|
|
|
|
------------------------
|
|
*.tex diff=tex
|
|
------------------------
|
|
|
|
Then, you would define a "diff.tex.xfuncname" configuration to
|
|
specify a regular expression that matches a line that you would
|
|
want to appear as the hunk header "TEXT", like this:
|
|
|
|
------------------------
|
|
[diff "tex"]
|
|
xfuncname = "^(\\\\(sub)*section\\{.*)$"
|
|
------------------------
|
|
|
|
Note. A single level of backslashes are eaten by the
|
|
configuration file parser, so you would need to double the
|
|
backslashes; the pattern above picks a line that begins with a
|
|
backslash, and zero or more occurrences of `sub` followed by
|
|
`section` followed by open brace, to the end of line.
|
|
|
|
There are a few built-in patterns to make this easier, and `tex`
|
|
is one of them, so you do not have to write the above in your
|
|
configuration file (you still need to enable this with the
|
|
attribute mechanism, via `.gitattributes`). The following built in
|
|
patterns are available:
|
|
|
|
- `bibtex` suitable for files with BibTeX coded references.
|
|
|
|
- `cpp` suitable for source code in the C and C++ languages.
|
|
|
|
- `html` suitable for HTML/XHTML documents.
|
|
|
|
- `java` suitable for source code in the Java language.
|
|
|
|
- `objc` suitable for source code in the Objective-C language.
|
|
|
|
- `pascal` suitable for source code in the Pascal/Delphi language.
|
|
|
|
- `php` suitable for source code in the PHP language.
|
|
|
|
- `python` suitable for source code in the Python language.
|
|
|
|
- `ruby` suitable for source code in the Ruby language.
|
|
|
|
- `tex` suitable for source code for LaTeX documents.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Customizing word diff
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
You can customize the rules that `git diff --color-words` uses to
|
|
split words in a line, by specifying an appropriate regular expression
|
|
in the "diff.*.wordRegex" configuration variable. For example, in TeX
|
|
a backslash followed by a sequence of letters forms a command, but
|
|
several such commands can be run together without intervening
|
|
whitespace. To separate them, use a regular expression such as
|
|
|
|
------------------------
|
|
[diff "tex"]
|
|
wordRegex = "\\\\[a-zA-Z]+|[{}]|\\\\.|[^\\{}[:space:]]+"
|
|
------------------------
|
|
|
|
A built-in pattern is provided for all languages listed in the
|
|
previous section.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Performing text diffs of binary files
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
Sometimes it is desirable to see the diff of a text-converted
|
|
version of some binary files. For example, a word processor
|
|
document can be converted to an ASCII text representation, and
|
|
the diff of the text shown. Even though this conversion loses
|
|
some information, the resulting diff is useful for human
|
|
viewing (but cannot be applied directly).
|
|
|
|
The `textconv` config option is used to define a program for
|
|
performing such a conversion. The program should take a single
|
|
argument, the name of a file to convert, and produce the
|
|
resulting text on stdout.
|
|
|
|
For example, to show the diff of the exif information of a
|
|
file instead of the binary information (assuming you have the
|
|
exif tool installed):
|
|
|
|
------------------------
|
|
[diff "jpg"]
|
|
textconv = exif
|
|
------------------------
|
|
|
|
NOTE: The text conversion is generally a one-way conversion;
|
|
in this example, we lose the actual image contents and focus
|
|
just on the text data. This means that diffs generated by
|
|
textconv are _not_ suitable for applying. For this reason,
|
|
only `git diff` and the `git log` family of commands (i.e.,
|
|
log, whatchanged, show) will perform text conversion. `git
|
|
format-patch` will never generate this output. If you want to
|
|
send somebody a text-converted diff of a binary file (e.g.,
|
|
because it quickly conveys the changes you have made), you
|
|
should generate it separately and send it as a comment _in
|
|
addition to_ the usual binary diff that you might send.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Performing a three-way merge
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
`merge`
|
|
^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
The attribute `merge` affects how three versions of a file is
|
|
merged when a file-level merge is necessary during `git merge`,
|
|
and other programs such as `git revert` and `git cherry-pick`.
|
|
|
|
Set::
|
|
|
|
Built-in 3-way merge driver is used to merge the
|
|
contents in a way similar to 'merge' command of `RCS`
|
|
suite. This is suitable for ordinary text files.
|
|
|
|
Unset::
|
|
|
|
Take the version from the current branch as the
|
|
tentative merge result, and declare that the merge has
|
|
conflicts. This is suitable for binary files that does
|
|
not have a well-defined merge semantics.
|
|
|
|
Unspecified::
|
|
|
|
By default, this uses the same built-in 3-way merge
|
|
driver as is the case the `merge` attribute is set.
|
|
However, `merge.default` configuration variable can name
|
|
different merge driver to be used for paths to which the
|
|
`merge` attribute is unspecified.
|
|
|
|
String::
|
|
|
|
3-way merge is performed using the specified custom
|
|
merge driver. The built-in 3-way merge driver can be
|
|
explicitly specified by asking for "text" driver; the
|
|
built-in "take the current branch" driver can be
|
|
requested with "binary".
|
|
|
|
|
|
Built-in merge drivers
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
There are a few built-in low-level merge drivers defined that
|
|
can be asked for via the `merge` attribute.
|
|
|
|
text::
|
|
|
|
Usual 3-way file level merge for text files. Conflicted
|
|
regions are marked with conflict markers `<<<<<<<`,
|
|
`=======` and `>>>>>>>`. The version from your branch
|
|
appears before the `=======` marker, and the version
|
|
from the merged branch appears after the `=======`
|
|
marker.
|
|
|
|
binary::
|
|
|
|
Keep the version from your branch in the work tree, but
|
|
leave the path in the conflicted state for the user to
|
|
sort out.
|
|
|
|
union::
|
|
|
|
Run 3-way file level merge for text files, but take
|
|
lines from both versions, instead of leaving conflict
|
|
markers. This tends to leave the added lines in the
|
|
resulting file in random order and the user should
|
|
verify the result. Do not use this if you do not
|
|
understand the implications.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Defining a custom merge driver
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
The definition of a merge driver is done in the `.git/config`
|
|
file, not in the `gitattributes` file, so strictly speaking this
|
|
manual page is a wrong place to talk about it. However...
|
|
|
|
To define a custom merge driver `filfre`, add a section to your
|
|
`$GIT_DIR/config` file (or `$HOME/.gitconfig` file) like this:
|
|
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
[merge "filfre"]
|
|
name = feel-free merge driver
|
|
driver = filfre %O %A %B
|
|
recursive = binary
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
The `merge.*.name` variable gives the driver a human-readable
|
|
name.
|
|
|
|
The `merge.*.driver` variable's value is used to construct a
|
|
command to run to merge ancestor's version (`%O`), current
|
|
version (`%A`) and the other branches' version (`%B`). These
|
|
three tokens are replaced with the names of temporary files that
|
|
hold the contents of these versions when the command line is
|
|
built.
|
|
|
|
The merge driver is expected to leave the result of the merge in
|
|
the file named with `%A` by overwriting it, and exit with zero
|
|
status if it managed to merge them cleanly, or non-zero if there
|
|
were conflicts.
|
|
|
|
The `merge.*.recursive` variable specifies what other merge
|
|
driver to use when the merge driver is called for an internal
|
|
merge between common ancestors, when there are more than one.
|
|
When left unspecified, the driver itself is used for both
|
|
internal merge and the final merge.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Checking whitespace errors
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
`whitespace`
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
The `core.whitespace` configuration variable allows you to define what
|
|
'diff' and 'apply' should consider whitespace errors for all paths in
|
|
the project (See linkgit:git-config[1]). This attribute gives you finer
|
|
control per path.
|
|
|
|
Set::
|
|
|
|
Notice all types of potential whitespace errors known to git.
|
|
|
|
Unset::
|
|
|
|
Do not notice anything as error.
|
|
|
|
Unspecified::
|
|
|
|
Use the value of `core.whitespace` configuration variable to
|
|
decide what to notice as error.
|
|
|
|
String::
|
|
|
|
Specify a comma separate list of common whitespace problems to
|
|
notice in the same format as `core.whitespace` configuration
|
|
variable.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Creating an archive
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
`export-ignore`
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
Files and directories with the attribute `export-ignore` won't be added to
|
|
archive files.
|
|
|
|
`export-subst`
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
If the attribute `export-subst` is set for a file then git will expand
|
|
several placeholders when adding this file to an archive. The
|
|
expansion depends on the availability of a commit ID, i.e., if
|
|
linkgit:git-archive[1] has been given a tree instead of a commit or a
|
|
tag then no replacement will be done. The placeholders are the same
|
|
as those for the option `--pretty=format:` of linkgit:git-log[1],
|
|
except that they need to be wrapped like this: `$Format:PLACEHOLDERS$`
|
|
in the file. E.g. the string `$Format:%H$` will be replaced by the
|
|
commit hash.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Viewing files in GUI tools
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
`encoding`
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
The value of this attribute specifies the character encoding that should
|
|
be used by GUI tools (e.g. linkgit:gitk[1] and linkgit:git-gui[1]) to
|
|
display the contents of the relevant file. Note that due to performance
|
|
considerations linkgit:gitk[1] does not use this attribute unless you
|
|
manually enable per-file encodings in its options.
|
|
|
|
If this attribute is not set or has an invalid value, the value of the
|
|
`gui.encoding` configuration variable is used instead
|
|
(See linkgit:git-config[1]).
|
|
|
|
|
|
USING ATTRIBUTE MACROS
|
|
----------------------
|
|
|
|
You do not want any end-of-line conversions applied to, nor textual diffs
|
|
produced for, any binary file you track. You would need to specify e.g.
|
|
|
|
------------
|
|
*.jpg -crlf -diff
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
but that may become cumbersome, when you have many attributes. Using
|
|
attribute macros, you can specify groups of attributes set or unset at
|
|
the same time. The system knows a built-in attribute macro, `binary`:
|
|
|
|
------------
|
|
*.jpg binary
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
which is equivalent to the above. Note that the attribute macros can only
|
|
be "Set" (see the above example that sets "binary" macro as if it were an
|
|
ordinary attribute --- setting it in turn unsets "crlf" and "diff").
|
|
|
|
|
|
DEFINING ATTRIBUTE MACROS
|
|
-------------------------
|
|
|
|
Custom attribute macros can be defined only in the `.gitattributes` file
|
|
at the toplevel (i.e. not in any subdirectory). The built-in attribute
|
|
macro "binary" is equivalent to:
|
|
|
|
------------
|
|
[attr]binary -diff -crlf
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXAMPLE
|
|
-------
|
|
|
|
If you have these three `gitattributes` file:
|
|
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
(in $GIT_DIR/info/attributes)
|
|
|
|
a* foo !bar -baz
|
|
|
|
(in .gitattributes)
|
|
abc foo bar baz
|
|
|
|
(in t/.gitattributes)
|
|
ab* merge=filfre
|
|
abc -foo -bar
|
|
*.c frotz
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
the attributes given to path `t/abc` are computed as follows:
|
|
|
|
1. By examining `t/.gitattributes` (which is in the same
|
|
directory as the path in question), git finds that the first
|
|
line matches. `merge` attribute is set. It also finds that
|
|
the second line matches, and attributes `foo` and `bar`
|
|
are unset.
|
|
|
|
2. Then it examines `.gitattributes` (which is in the parent
|
|
directory), and finds that the first line matches, but
|
|
`t/.gitattributes` file already decided how `merge`, `foo`
|
|
and `bar` attributes should be given to this path, so it
|
|
leaves `foo` and `bar` unset. Attribute `baz` is set.
|
|
|
|
3. Finally it examines `$GIT_DIR/info/attributes`. This file
|
|
is used to override the in-tree settings. The first line is
|
|
a match, and `foo` is set, `bar` is reverted to unspecified
|
|
state, and `baz` is unset.
|
|
|
|
As the result, the attributes assignment to `t/abc` becomes:
|
|
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
foo set to true
|
|
bar unspecified
|
|
baz set to false
|
|
merge set to string value "filfre"
|
|
frotz unspecified
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GIT
|
|
---
|
|
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
|