зеркало из https://github.com/microsoft/git.git
513 строки
17 KiB
Plaintext
513 строки
17 KiB
Plaintext
git-svn(1)
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==========
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NAME
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----
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git-svn - bidirectional operation between a single Subversion branch and git
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SYNOPSIS
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--------
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'git-svn' <command> [options] [arguments]
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DESCRIPTION
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-----------
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git-svn is a simple conduit for changesets between a single Subversion
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branch and git. It is not to be confused with gitlink:git-svnimport[1].
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They were designed with very different goals in mind.
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git-svn is designed for an individual developer who wants a
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bidirectional flow of changesets between a single branch in Subversion
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and an arbitrary number of branches in git. git-svnimport is designed
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for read-only operation on repositories that match a particular layout
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(albeit the recommended one by SVN developers).
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For importing svn, git-svnimport is potentially more powerful when
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operating on repositories organized under the recommended
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trunk/branch/tags structure, and should be faster, too.
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git-svn mostly ignores the very limited view of branching that
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Subversion has. This allows git-svn to be much easier to use,
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especially on repositories that are not organized in a manner that
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git-svnimport is designed for.
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COMMANDS
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--------
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--
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'init'::
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Creates an empty git repository with additional metadata
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directories for git-svn. The Subversion URL must be specified
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as a command-line argument. Optionally, the target directory
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to operate on can be specified as a second argument. Normally
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this command initializes the current directory.
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'fetch'::
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Fetch unfetched revisions from the Subversion URL we are
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tracking. refs/remotes/git-svn will be updated to the
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latest revision.
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Note: You should never attempt to modify the remotes/git-svn
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branch outside of git-svn. Instead, create a branch from
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remotes/git-svn and work on that branch. Use the 'commit'
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command (see below) to write git commits back to
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remotes/git-svn.
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See '<<fetch-args,Additional Fetch Arguments>>' if you are interested in
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manually joining branches on commit.
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'dcommit'::
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Commit all diffs from the current HEAD directly to the SVN
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repository, and then rebase or reset (depending on whether or
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not there is a diff between SVN and HEAD). It is recommended
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that you run git-svn fetch and rebase (not pull) your commits
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against the latest changes in the SVN repository.
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This is advantageous over 'commit' (below) because it produces
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cleaner, more linear history.
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'log'::
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This should make it easy to look up svn log messages when svn
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users refer to -r/--revision numbers.
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The following features from `svn log' are supported:
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--revision=<n>[:<n>] - is supported, non-numeric args are not:
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HEAD, NEXT, BASE, PREV, etc ...
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-v/--verbose - it's not completely compatible with
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the --verbose output in svn log, but
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reasonably close.
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--limit=<n> - is NOT the same as --max-count,
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doesn't count merged/excluded commits
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--incremental - supported
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New features:
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--show-commit - shows the git commit sha1, as well
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--oneline - our version of --pretty=oneline
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Any other arguments are passed directly to `git log'
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'commit'::
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You should consider using 'dcommit' instead of this command.
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Commit specified commit or tree objects to SVN. This relies on
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your imported fetch data being up-to-date. This makes
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absolutely no attempts to do patching when committing to SVN, it
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simply overwrites files with those specified in the tree or
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commit. All merging is assumed to have taken place
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independently of git-svn functions.
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'rebuild'::
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Not a part of daily usage, but this is a useful command if
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you've just cloned a repository (using gitlink:git-clone[1]) that was
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tracked with git-svn. Unfortunately, git-clone does not clone
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git-svn metadata and the svn working tree that git-svn uses for
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its operations. This rebuilds the metadata so git-svn can
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resume fetch operations. A Subversion URL may be optionally
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specified at the command-line if the directory/repository you're
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tracking has moved or changed protocols.
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'show-ignore'::
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Recursively finds and lists the svn:ignore property on
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directories. The output is suitable for appending to
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the $GIT_DIR/info/exclude file.
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'commit-diff'::
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Commits the diff of two tree-ish arguments from the
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command-line. This command is intended for interopability with
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git-svnimport and does not rely on being inside an git-svn
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init-ed repository. This command takes three arguments, (a) the
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original tree to diff against, (b) the new tree result, (c) the
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URL of the target Subversion repository. The final argument
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(URL) may be omitted if you are working from a git-svn-aware
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repository (that has been init-ed with git-svn).
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'graft-branches'::
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This command attempts to detect merges/branches from already
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imported history. Techniques used currently include regexes,
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file copies, and tree-matches). This command generates (or
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modifies) the $GIT_DIR/info/grafts file. This command is
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considered experimental, and inherently flawed because
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merge-tracking in SVN is inherently flawed and inconsistent
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across different repositories.
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'multi-init'::
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This command supports git-svnimport-like command-line syntax for
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importing repositories that are layed out as recommended by the
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SVN folks. This is a bit more tolerant than the git-svnimport
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command-line syntax and doesn't require the user to figure out
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where the repository URL ends and where the repository path
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begins.
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'multi-fetch'::
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This runs fetch on all known SVN branches we're tracking. This
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will NOT discover new branches (unlike git-svnimport), so
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multi-init will need to be re-run (it's idempotent).
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--
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OPTIONS
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-------
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--
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--shared::
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--template=<template_directory>::
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Only used with the 'init' command.
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These are passed directly to gitlink:git-init-db[1].
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-r <ARG>::
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--revision <ARG>::
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Only used with the 'fetch' command.
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Takes any valid -r<argument> svn would accept and passes it
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directly to svn. -r<ARG1>:<ARG2> ranges and "{" DATE "}" syntax
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is also supported. This is passed directly to svn, see svn
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documentation for more details.
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This can allow you to make partial mirrors when running fetch.
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-::
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--stdin::
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Only used with the 'commit' command.
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Read a list of commits from stdin and commit them in reverse
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order. Only the leading sha1 is read from each line, so
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git-rev-list --pretty=oneline output can be used.
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--rmdir::
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Only used with the 'dcommit', 'commit' and 'commit-diff' commands.
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Remove directories from the SVN tree if there are no files left
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behind. SVN can version empty directories, and they are not
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removed by default if there are no files left in them. git
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cannot version empty directories. Enabling this flag will make
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the commit to SVN act like git.
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repo-config key: svn.rmdir
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-e::
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--edit::
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Only used with the 'dcommit', 'commit' and 'commit-diff' commands.
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Edit the commit message before committing to SVN. This is off by
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default for objects that are commits, and forced on when committing
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tree objects.
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repo-config key: svn.edit
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-l<num>::
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--find-copies-harder::
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Only used with the 'dcommit', 'commit' and 'commit-diff' commands.
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They are both passed directly to git-diff-tree see
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gitlink:git-diff-tree[1] for more information.
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[verse]
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repo-config key: svn.l
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repo-config key: svn.findcopiesharder
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-A<filename>::
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--authors-file=<filename>::
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Syntax is compatible with the files used by git-svnimport and
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git-cvsimport:
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------------------------------------------------------------------------
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loginname = Joe User <user@example.com>
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------------------------------------------------------------------------
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If this option is specified and git-svn encounters an SVN
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committer name that does not exist in the authors-file, git-svn
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will abort operation. The user will then have to add the
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appropriate entry. Re-running the previous git-svn command
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after the authors-file is modified should continue operation.
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repo-config key: svn.authorsfile
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-q::
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--quiet::
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Make git-svn less verbose. This only affects git-svn if you
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have the SVN::* libraries installed and are using them.
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--repack[=<n>]::
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--repack-flags=<flags>
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These should help keep disk usage sane for large fetches
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with many revisions.
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--repack takes an optional argument for the number of revisions
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to fetch before repacking. This defaults to repacking every
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1000 commits fetched if no argument is specified.
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--repack-flags are passed directly to gitlink:git-repack[1].
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repo-config key: svn.repack
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repo-config key: svn.repackflags
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-m::
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--merge::
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-s<strategy>::
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--strategy=<strategy>::
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These are only used with the 'dcommit' command.
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Passed directly to git-rebase when using 'dcommit' if a
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'git-reset' cannot be used (see dcommit).
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-n::
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--dry-run::
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This is only used with the 'dcommit' command.
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Print out the series of git arguments that would show
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which diffs would be committed to SVN.
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--
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ADVANCED OPTIONS
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----------------
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--
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-b<refname>::
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--branch <refname>::
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Used with 'fetch' or 'commit'.
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This can be used to join arbitrary git branches to remotes/git-svn
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on new commits where the tree object is equivalent.
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When used with different GIT_SVN_ID values, tags and branches in
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SVN can be tracked this way, as can some merges where the heads
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end up having completely equivalent content. This can even be
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used to track branches across multiple SVN _repositories_.
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This option may be specified multiple times, once for each
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branch.
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repo-config key: svn.branch
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-i<GIT_SVN_ID>::
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--id <GIT_SVN_ID>::
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This sets GIT_SVN_ID (instead of using the environment). See the
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section on
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'<<tracking-multiple-repos,Tracking Multiple Repositories or Branches>>'
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for more information on using GIT_SVN_ID.
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--follow-parent::
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This is especially helpful when we're tracking a directory
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that has been moved around within the repository, or if we
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started tracking a branch and never tracked the trunk it was
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descended from.
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This relies on the SVN::* libraries to work.
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repo-config key: svn.followparent
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--no-metadata::
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This gets rid of the git-svn-id: lines at the end of every commit.
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With this, you lose the ability to use the rebuild command. If
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you ever lose your .git/svn/git-svn/.rev_db file, you won't be
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able to fetch again, either. This is fine for one-shot imports.
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The 'git-svn log' command will not work on repositories using this,
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either.
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repo-config key: svn.nometadata
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--
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COMPATIBILITY OPTIONS
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---------------------
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--
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--upgrade::
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Only used with the 'rebuild' command.
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Run this if you used an old version of git-svn that used
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"git-svn-HEAD" instead of "remotes/git-svn" as the branch
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for tracking the remote.
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--no-ignore-externals::
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Only used with the 'fetch' and 'rebuild' command.
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This command has no effect when you are using the SVN::*
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libraries with git, svn:externals are always avoided.
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By default, git-svn passes --ignore-externals to svn to avoid
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fetching svn:external trees into git. Pass this flag to enable
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externals tracking directly via git.
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Versions of svn that do not support --ignore-externals are
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automatically detected and this flag will be automatically
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enabled for them.
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Otherwise, do not enable this flag unless you know what you're
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doing.
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repo-config key: svn.noignoreexternals
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--ignore-nodate::
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Only used with the 'fetch' command.
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By default git-svn will crash if it tries to import a revision
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from SVN which has '(no date)' listed as the date of the revision.
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This is repository corruption on SVN's part, plain and simple.
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But sometimes you really need those revisions anyway.
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If supplied git-svn will convert '(no date)' entries to the UNIX
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epoch (midnight on Jan. 1, 1970). Yes, that's probably very wrong.
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SVN was very wrong.
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--
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Basic Examples
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Tracking and contributing to an Subversion managed-project:
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------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Initialize a repo (like git init-db):
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git-svn init http://svn.foo.org/project/trunk
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# Fetch remote revisions:
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git-svn fetch
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# Create your own branch to hack on:
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git checkout -b my-branch remotes/git-svn
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# Commit only the git commits you want to SVN:
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git-svn commit <tree-ish> [<tree-ish_2> ...]
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# Commit all the git commits from my-branch that don't exist in SVN:
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git-svn commit remotes/git-svn..my-branch
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# Something is committed to SVN, rebase the latest into your branch:
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git-svn fetch && git rebase remotes/git-svn
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# Append svn:ignore settings to the default git exclude file:
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git-svn show-ignore >> .git/info/exclude
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------------------------------------------------------------------------
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REBASE VS. PULL
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---------------
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Originally, git-svn recommended that the remotes/git-svn branch be
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pulled from. This is because the author favored 'git-svn commit B'
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to commit a single head rather than the 'git-svn commit A..B' notation
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to commit multiple commits.
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If you use 'git-svn commit A..B' to commit several diffs and you do not
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have the latest remotes/git-svn merged into my-branch, you should use
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'git rebase' to update your work branch instead of 'git pull'. 'pull'
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can cause non-linear history to be flattened when committing into SVN,
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which can lead to merge commits reversing previous commits in SVN.
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DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
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-----------------
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Merge tracking in Subversion is lacking and doing branched development
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with Subversion is cumbersome as a result. git-svn completely forgoes
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any automated merge/branch tracking on the Subversion side and leaves it
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entirely up to the user on the git side. It's simply not worth it to do
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a useful translation when the original signal is weak.
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[[tracking-multiple-repos]]
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TRACKING MULTIPLE REPOSITORIES OR BRANCHES
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------------------------------------------
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This is for advanced users, most users should ignore this section.
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Because git-svn does not care about relationships between different
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branches or directories in a Subversion repository, git-svn has a simple
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hack to allow it to track an arbitrary number of related _or_ unrelated
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SVN repositories via one git repository. Simply set the GIT_SVN_ID
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environment variable to a name other other than "git-svn" (the default)
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and git-svn will ignore the contents of the $GIT_DIR/svn/git-svn directory
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and instead do all of its work in $GIT_DIR/svn/$GIT_SVN_ID for that
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invocation. The interface branch will be remotes/$GIT_SVN_ID, instead of
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remotes/git-svn. Any remotes/$GIT_SVN_ID branch should never be modified
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by the user outside of git-svn commands.
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[[fetch-args]]
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ADDITIONAL FETCH ARGUMENTS
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--------------------------
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This is for advanced users, most users should ignore this section.
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Unfetched SVN revisions may be imported as children of existing commits
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by specifying additional arguments to 'fetch'. Additional parents may
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optionally be specified in the form of sha1 hex sums at the
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command-line. Unfetched SVN revisions may also be tied to particular
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git commits with the following syntax:
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------------------------------------------------
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svn_revision_number=git_commit_sha1
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------------------------------------------------
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This allows you to tie unfetched SVN revision 375 to your current HEAD:
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------------------------------------------------
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git-svn fetch 375=$(git-rev-parse HEAD)
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------------------------------------------------
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Advanced Example: Tracking a Reorganized Repository
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Note: this example is now obsolete if you have SVN::* libraries
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installed. Simply use --follow-parent when fetching.
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If you're tracking a directory that has moved, or otherwise been
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branched or tagged off of another directory in the repository and you
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care about the full history of the project, then you can read this
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section.
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This is how Yann Dirson tracked the trunk of the ufoai directory when
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the /trunk directory of his repository was moved to /ufoai/trunk and
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he needed to continue tracking /ufoai/trunk where /trunk left off.
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------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# This log message shows when the repository was reorganized:
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r166 | ydirson | 2006-03-02 01:36:55 +0100 (Thu, 02 Mar 2006) | 1 line
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Changed paths:
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D /trunk
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A /ufoai/trunk (from /trunk:165)
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# First we start tracking the old revisions:
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GIT_SVN_ID=git-oldsvn git-svn init \
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https://svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/ufoai/trunk
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GIT_SVN_ID=git-oldsvn git-svn fetch -r1:165
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# And now, we continue tracking the new revisions:
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GIT_SVN_ID=git-newsvn git-svn init \
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https://svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/ufoai/ufoai/trunk
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GIT_SVN_ID=git-newsvn git-svn fetch \
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166=`git-rev-parse refs/remotes/git-oldsvn`
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------------------------------------------------------------------------
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BUGS
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----
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If you are not using the SVN::* Perl libraries and somebody commits a
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conflicting changeset to SVN at a bad moment (right before you commit)
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causing a conflict and your commit to fail, your svn working tree
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($GIT_DIR/git-svn/tree) may be dirtied. The easiest thing to do is
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probably just to rm -rf $GIT_DIR/git-svn/tree and run 'rebuild'.
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We ignore all SVN properties except svn:executable. Too difficult to
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map them since we rely heavily on git write-tree being _exactly_ the
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same on both the SVN and git working trees and I prefer not to clutter
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working trees with metadata files.
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Renamed and copied directories are not detected by git and hence not
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tracked when committing to SVN. I do not plan on adding support for
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this as it's quite difficult and time-consuming to get working for all
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the possible corner cases (git doesn't do it, either). Renamed and
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copied files are fully supported if they're similar enough for git to
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detect them.
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SEE ALSO
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--------
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gitlink:git-rebase[1]
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Author
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------
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Written by Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>.
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Documentation
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-------------
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Written by Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>.
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