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217 строки
7.4 KiB
Plaintext
217 строки
7.4 KiB
Plaintext
gitignore(5)
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============
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NAME
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----
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gitignore - Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore
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SYNOPSIS
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--------
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$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore, $GIT_DIR/info/exclude, .gitignore
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DESCRIPTION
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-----------
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A `gitignore` file specifies intentionally untracked files that
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Git should ignore.
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Files already tracked by Git are not affected; see the NOTES
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below for details.
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Each line in a `gitignore` file specifies a pattern.
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When deciding whether to ignore a path, Git normally checks
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`gitignore` patterns from multiple sources, with the following
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order of precedence, from highest to lowest (within one level of
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precedence, the last matching pattern decides the outcome):
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* Patterns read from the command line for those commands that support
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them.
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* Patterns read from a `.gitignore` file in the same directory
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as the path, or in any parent directory, with patterns in the
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higher level files (up to the toplevel of the work tree) being overridden
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by those in lower level files down to the directory containing the file.
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These patterns match relative to the location of the
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`.gitignore` file. A project normally includes such
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`.gitignore` files in its repository, containing patterns for
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files generated as part of the project build.
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* Patterns read from `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude`.
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* Patterns read from the file specified by the configuration
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variable `core.excludesFile`.
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Which file to place a pattern in depends on how the pattern is meant to
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be used.
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* Patterns which should be version-controlled and distributed to
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other repositories via clone (i.e., files that all developers will want
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to ignore) should go into a `.gitignore` file.
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* Patterns which are
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specific to a particular repository but which do not need to be shared
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with other related repositories (e.g., auxiliary files that live inside
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the repository but are specific to one user's workflow) should go into
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the `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude` file.
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* Patterns which a user wants Git to
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ignore in all situations (e.g., backup or temporary files generated by
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the user's editor of choice) generally go into a file specified by
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`core.excludesFile` in the user's `~/.gitconfig`. Its default value is
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$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is either not set or
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empty, $HOME/.config/git/ignore is used instead.
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The underlying Git plumbing tools, such as
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'git ls-files' and 'git read-tree', read
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`gitignore` patterns specified by command-line options, or from
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files specified by command-line options. Higher-level Git
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tools, such as 'git status' and 'git add',
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use patterns from the sources specified above.
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PATTERN FORMAT
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--------------
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- A blank line matches no files, so it can serve as a separator
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for readability.
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- A line starting with # serves as a comment.
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Put a backslash ("`\`") in front of the first hash for patterns
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that begin with a hash.
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- Trailing spaces are ignored unless they are quoted with backslash
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("`\`").
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- An optional prefix "`!`" which negates the pattern; any
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matching file excluded by a previous pattern will become
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included again. It is not possible to re-include a file if a parent
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directory of that file is excluded. Git doesn't list excluded
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directories for performance reasons, so any patterns on contained
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files have no effect, no matter where they are defined.
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Put a backslash ("`\`") in front of the first "`!`" for patterns
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that begin with a literal "`!`", for example, "`\!important!.txt`".
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- If the pattern ends with a slash, it is removed for the
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purpose of the following description, but it would only find
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a match with a directory. In other words, `foo/` will match a
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directory `foo` and paths underneath it, but will not match a
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regular file or a symbolic link `foo` (this is consistent
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with the way how pathspec works in general in Git).
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- If the pattern does not contain a slash '/', Git treats it as
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a shell glob pattern and checks for a match against the
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pathname relative to the location of the `.gitignore` file
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(relative to the toplevel of the work tree if not from a
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`.gitignore` file).
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- Otherwise, Git treats the pattern as a shell glob: "`*`" matches
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anything except "`/`", "`?`" matches any one character except "`/`"
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and "`[]`" matches one character in a selected range. See
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fnmatch(3) and the FNM_PATHNAME flag for a more detailed
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description.
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- A leading slash matches the beginning of the pathname.
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For example, "/{asterisk}.c" matches "cat-file.c" but not
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"mozilla-sha1/sha1.c".
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Two consecutive asterisks ("`**`") in patterns matched against
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full pathname may have special meaning:
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- A leading "`**`" followed by a slash means match in all
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directories. For example, "`**/foo`" matches file or directory
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"`foo`" anywhere, the same as pattern "`foo`". "`**/foo/bar`"
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matches file or directory "`bar`" anywhere that is directly
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under directory "`foo`".
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- A trailing "`/**`" matches everything inside. For example,
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"`abc/**`" matches all files inside directory "`abc`", relative
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to the location of the `.gitignore` file, with infinite depth.
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- A slash followed by two consecutive asterisks then a slash
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matches zero or more directories. For example, "`a/**/b`"
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matches "`a/b`", "`a/x/b`", "`a/x/y/b`" and so on.
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- Other consecutive asterisks are considered regular asterisks and
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will match according to the previous rules.
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CONFIGURATION
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-------------
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The optional configuration variable `core.excludesFile` indicates a path to a
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file containing patterns of file names to exclude, similar to
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`$GIT_DIR/info/exclude`. Patterns in the exclude file are used in addition to
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those in `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude`.
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NOTES
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-----
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The purpose of gitignore files is to ensure that certain files
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not tracked by Git remain untracked.
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To stop tracking a file that is currently tracked, use
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'git rm --cached'.
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EXAMPLES
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--------
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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$ git status
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[...]
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# Untracked files:
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[...]
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# Documentation/foo.html
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# Documentation/gitignore.html
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# file.o
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# lib.a
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# src/internal.o
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[...]
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$ cat .git/info/exclude
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# ignore objects and archives, anywhere in the tree.
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*.[oa]
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$ cat Documentation/.gitignore
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# ignore generated html files,
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*.html
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# except foo.html which is maintained by hand
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!foo.html
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$ git status
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[...]
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# Untracked files:
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[...]
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# Documentation/foo.html
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[...]
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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Another example:
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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$ cat .gitignore
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vmlinux*
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$ ls arch/foo/kernel/vm*
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arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
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$ echo '!/vmlinux*' >arch/foo/kernel/.gitignore
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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The second .gitignore prevents Git from ignoring
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`arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S`.
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Example to exclude everything except a specific directory `foo/bar`
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(note the `/*` - without the slash, the wildcard would also exclude
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everything within `foo/bar`):
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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$ cat .gitignore
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# exclude everything except directory foo/bar
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/*
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!/foo
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/foo/*
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!/foo/bar
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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SEE ALSO
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--------
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linkgit:git-rm[1],
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linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5],
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linkgit:git-check-ignore[1]
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GIT
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---
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Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
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