зеркало из https://github.com/microsoft/git.git
407 строки
14 KiB
Plaintext
407 строки
14 KiB
Plaintext
git-reset(1)
|
|
============
|
|
|
|
NAME
|
|
----
|
|
git-reset - Reset current HEAD to the specified state
|
|
|
|
SYNOPSIS
|
|
--------
|
|
[verse]
|
|
'git reset' [-q] [<tree-ish>] [--] <paths>...
|
|
'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]
|
|
'git reset' [--soft | --mixed [-N] | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]
|
|
|
|
DESCRIPTION
|
|
-----------
|
|
In the first and second form, copy entries from <tree-ish> to the index.
|
|
In the third form, set the current branch head (HEAD) to <commit>, optionally
|
|
modifying index and working tree to match. The <tree-ish>/<commit> defaults
|
|
to HEAD in all forms.
|
|
|
|
'git reset' [-q] [<tree-ish>] [--] <paths>...::
|
|
This form resets the index entries for all <paths> to their
|
|
state at <tree-ish>. (It does not affect the working tree, nor
|
|
the current branch.)
|
|
+
|
|
This means that `git reset <paths>` is the opposite of `git add
|
|
<paths>`.
|
|
+
|
|
After running `git reset <paths>` to update the index entry, you can
|
|
use linkgit:git-checkout[1] to check the contents out of the index to
|
|
the working tree.
|
|
Alternatively, using linkgit:git-checkout[1] and specifying a commit, you
|
|
can copy the contents of a path out of a commit to the index and to the
|
|
working tree in one go.
|
|
|
|
'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]::
|
|
Interactively select hunks in the difference between the index
|
|
and <tree-ish> (defaults to HEAD). The chosen hunks are applied
|
|
in reverse to the index.
|
|
+
|
|
This means that `git reset -p` is the opposite of `git add -p`, i.e.
|
|
you can use it to selectively reset hunks. See the ``Interactive Mode''
|
|
section of linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `--patch` mode.
|
|
|
|
'git reset' [<mode>] [<commit>]::
|
|
This form resets the current branch head to <commit> and
|
|
possibly updates the index (resetting it to the tree of <commit>) and
|
|
the working tree depending on <mode>. If <mode> is omitted,
|
|
defaults to "--mixed". The <mode> must be one of the following:
|
|
+
|
|
--
|
|
--soft::
|
|
Does not touch the index file nor the working tree at all (but
|
|
resets the head to <commit>, just like all modes do). This leaves
|
|
all your changed files "Changes to be committed", as 'git status'
|
|
would put it.
|
|
|
|
--mixed::
|
|
Resets the index but not the working tree (i.e., the changed files
|
|
are preserved but not marked for commit) and reports what has not
|
|
been updated. This is the default action.
|
|
+
|
|
If `-N` is specified, removed paths are marked as intent-to-add (see
|
|
linkgit:git-add[1]).
|
|
|
|
--hard::
|
|
Resets the index and working tree. Any changes to tracked files in the
|
|
working tree since <commit> are discarded.
|
|
|
|
--merge::
|
|
Resets the index and updates the files in the working tree that are
|
|
different between <commit> and HEAD, but keeps those which are
|
|
different between the index and working tree (i.e. which have changes
|
|
which have not been added).
|
|
If a file that is different between <commit> and the index has unstaged
|
|
changes, reset is aborted.
|
|
+
|
|
In other words, --merge does something like a 'git read-tree -u -m <commit>',
|
|
but carries forward unmerged index entries.
|
|
|
|
--keep::
|
|
Resets index entries and updates files in the working tree that are
|
|
different between <commit> and HEAD.
|
|
If a file that is different between <commit> and HEAD has local changes,
|
|
reset is aborted.
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
If you want to undo a commit other than the latest on a branch,
|
|
linkgit:git-revert[1] is your friend.
|
|
|
|
|
|
OPTIONS
|
|
-------
|
|
|
|
-q::
|
|
--quiet::
|
|
Be quiet, only report errors.
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXAMPLES
|
|
--------
|
|
|
|
Undo add::
|
|
+
|
|
------------
|
|
$ edit <1>
|
|
$ git add frotz.c filfre.c
|
|
$ mailx <2>
|
|
$ git reset <3>
|
|
$ git pull git://info.example.com/ nitfol <4>
|
|
------------
|
|
+
|
|
<1> You are happily working on something, and find the changes
|
|
in these files are in good order. You do not want to see them
|
|
when you run "git diff", because you plan to work on other files
|
|
and changes with these files are distracting.
|
|
<2> Somebody asks you to pull, and the changes sounds worthy of merging.
|
|
<3> However, you already dirtied the index (i.e. your index does
|
|
not match the HEAD commit). But you know the pull you are going
|
|
to make does not affect frotz.c nor filfre.c, so you revert the
|
|
index changes for these two files. Your changes in working tree
|
|
remain there.
|
|
<4> Then you can pull and merge, leaving frotz.c and filfre.c
|
|
changes still in the working tree.
|
|
|
|
Undo a commit and redo::
|
|
+
|
|
------------
|
|
$ git commit ...
|
|
$ git reset --soft HEAD^ <1>
|
|
$ edit <2>
|
|
$ git commit -a -c ORIG_HEAD <3>
|
|
------------
|
|
+
|
|
<1> This is most often done when you remembered what you
|
|
just committed is incomplete, or you misspelled your commit
|
|
message, or both. Leaves working tree as it was before "reset".
|
|
<2> Make corrections to working tree files.
|
|
<3> "reset" copies the old head to .git/ORIG_HEAD; redo the
|
|
commit by starting with its log message. If you do not need to
|
|
edit the message further, you can give -C option instead.
|
|
+
|
|
See also the --amend option to linkgit:git-commit[1].
|
|
|
|
Undo a commit, making it a topic branch::
|
|
+
|
|
------------
|
|
$ git branch topic/wip <1>
|
|
$ git reset --hard HEAD~3 <2>
|
|
$ git checkout topic/wip <3>
|
|
------------
|
|
+
|
|
<1> You have made some commits, but realize they were premature
|
|
to be in the "master" branch. You want to continue polishing
|
|
them in a topic branch, so create "topic/wip" branch off of the
|
|
current HEAD.
|
|
<2> Rewind the master branch to get rid of those three commits.
|
|
<3> Switch to "topic/wip" branch and keep working.
|
|
|
|
Undo commits permanently::
|
|
+
|
|
------------
|
|
$ git commit ...
|
|
$ git reset --hard HEAD~3 <1>
|
|
------------
|
|
+
|
|
<1> The last three commits (HEAD, HEAD^, and HEAD~2) were bad
|
|
and you do not want to ever see them again. Do *not* do this if
|
|
you have already given these commits to somebody else. (See the
|
|
"RECOVERING FROM UPSTREAM REBASE" section in linkgit:git-rebase[1] for
|
|
the implications of doing so.)
|
|
|
|
Undo a merge or pull::
|
|
+
|
|
------------
|
|
$ git pull <1>
|
|
Auto-merging nitfol
|
|
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in nitfol
|
|
Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.
|
|
$ git reset --hard <2>
|
|
$ git pull . topic/branch <3>
|
|
Updating from 41223... to 13134...
|
|
Fast-forward
|
|
$ git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD <4>
|
|
------------
|
|
+
|
|
<1> Try to update from the upstream resulted in a lot of
|
|
conflicts; you were not ready to spend a lot of time merging
|
|
right now, so you decide to do that later.
|
|
<2> "pull" has not made merge commit, so "git reset --hard"
|
|
which is a synonym for "git reset --hard HEAD" clears the mess
|
|
from the index file and the working tree.
|
|
<3> Merge a topic branch into the current branch, which resulted
|
|
in a fast-forward.
|
|
<4> But you decided that the topic branch is not ready for public
|
|
consumption yet. "pull" or "merge" always leaves the original
|
|
tip of the current branch in ORIG_HEAD, so resetting hard to it
|
|
brings your index file and the working tree back to that state,
|
|
and resets the tip of the branch to that commit.
|
|
|
|
Undo a merge or pull inside a dirty working tree::
|
|
+
|
|
------------
|
|
$ git pull <1>
|
|
Auto-merging nitfol
|
|
Merge made by recursive.
|
|
nitfol | 20 +++++----
|
|
...
|
|
$ git reset --merge ORIG_HEAD <2>
|
|
------------
|
|
+
|
|
<1> Even if you may have local modifications in your
|
|
working tree, you can safely say "git pull" when you know
|
|
that the change in the other branch does not overlap with
|
|
them.
|
|
<2> After inspecting the result of the merge, you may find
|
|
that the change in the other branch is unsatisfactory. Running
|
|
"git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD" will let you go back to where you
|
|
were, but it will discard your local changes, which you do not
|
|
want. "git reset --merge" keeps your local changes.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interrupted workflow::
|
|
+
|
|
Suppose you are interrupted by an urgent fix request while you
|
|
are in the middle of a large change. The files in your
|
|
working tree are not in any shape to be committed yet, but you
|
|
need to get to the other branch for a quick bugfix.
|
|
+
|
|
------------
|
|
$ git checkout feature ;# you were working in "feature" branch and
|
|
$ work work work ;# got interrupted
|
|
$ git commit -a -m "snapshot WIP" <1>
|
|
$ git checkout master
|
|
$ fix fix fix
|
|
$ git commit ;# commit with real log
|
|
$ git checkout feature
|
|
$ git reset --soft HEAD^ ;# go back to WIP state <2>
|
|
$ git reset <3>
|
|
------------
|
|
+
|
|
<1> This commit will get blown away so a throw-away log message is OK.
|
|
<2> This removes the 'WIP' commit from the commit history, and sets
|
|
your working tree to the state just before you made that snapshot.
|
|
<3> At this point the index file still has all the WIP changes you
|
|
committed as 'snapshot WIP'. This updates the index to show your
|
|
WIP files as uncommitted.
|
|
+
|
|
See also linkgit:git-stash[1].
|
|
|
|
Reset a single file in the index::
|
|
+
|
|
Suppose you have added a file to your index, but later decide you do not
|
|
want to add it to your commit. You can remove the file from the index
|
|
while keeping your changes with git reset.
|
|
+
|
|
------------
|
|
$ git reset -- frotz.c <1>
|
|
$ git commit -m "Commit files in index" <2>
|
|
$ git add frotz.c <3>
|
|
------------
|
|
+
|
|
<1> This removes the file from the index while keeping it in the working
|
|
directory.
|
|
<2> This commits all other changes in the index.
|
|
<3> Adds the file to the index again.
|
|
|
|
Keep changes in working tree while discarding some previous commits::
|
|
+
|
|
Suppose you are working on something and you commit it, and then you
|
|
continue working a bit more, but now you think that what you have in
|
|
your working tree should be in another branch that has nothing to do
|
|
with what you committed previously. You can start a new branch and
|
|
reset it while keeping the changes in your working tree.
|
|
+
|
|
------------
|
|
$ git tag start
|
|
$ git checkout -b branch1
|
|
$ edit
|
|
$ git commit ... <1>
|
|
$ edit
|
|
$ git checkout -b branch2 <2>
|
|
$ git reset --keep start <3>
|
|
------------
|
|
+
|
|
<1> This commits your first edits in branch1.
|
|
<2> In the ideal world, you could have realized that the earlier
|
|
commit did not belong to the new topic when you created and switched
|
|
to branch2 (i.e. "git checkout -b branch2 start"), but nobody is
|
|
perfect.
|
|
<3> But you can use "reset --keep" to remove the unwanted commit after
|
|
you switched to "branch2".
|
|
|
|
|
|
DISCUSSION
|
|
----------
|
|
|
|
The tables below show what happens when running:
|
|
|
|
----------
|
|
git reset --option target
|
|
----------
|
|
|
|
to reset the HEAD to another commit (`target`) with the different
|
|
reset options depending on the state of the files.
|
|
|
|
In these tables, A, B, C and D are some different states of a
|
|
file. For example, the first line of the first table means that if a
|
|
file is in state A in the working tree, in state B in the index, in
|
|
state C in HEAD and in state D in the target, then "git reset --soft
|
|
target" will leave the file in the working tree in state A and in the
|
|
index in state B. It resets (i.e. moves) the HEAD (i.e. the tip of
|
|
the current branch, if you are on one) to "target" (which has the file
|
|
in state D).
|
|
|
|
working index HEAD target working index HEAD
|
|
----------------------------------------------------
|
|
A B C D --soft A B D
|
|
--mixed A D D
|
|
--hard D D D
|
|
--merge (disallowed)
|
|
--keep (disallowed)
|
|
|
|
working index HEAD target working index HEAD
|
|
----------------------------------------------------
|
|
A B C C --soft A B C
|
|
--mixed A C C
|
|
--hard C C C
|
|
--merge (disallowed)
|
|
--keep A C C
|
|
|
|
working index HEAD target working index HEAD
|
|
----------------------------------------------------
|
|
B B C D --soft B B D
|
|
--mixed B D D
|
|
--hard D D D
|
|
--merge D D D
|
|
--keep (disallowed)
|
|
|
|
working index HEAD target working index HEAD
|
|
----------------------------------------------------
|
|
B B C C --soft B B C
|
|
--mixed B C C
|
|
--hard C C C
|
|
--merge C C C
|
|
--keep B C C
|
|
|
|
working index HEAD target working index HEAD
|
|
----------------------------------------------------
|
|
B C C D --soft B C D
|
|
--mixed B D D
|
|
--hard D D D
|
|
--merge (disallowed)
|
|
--keep (disallowed)
|
|
|
|
working index HEAD target working index HEAD
|
|
----------------------------------------------------
|
|
B C C C --soft B C C
|
|
--mixed B C C
|
|
--hard C C C
|
|
--merge B C C
|
|
--keep B C C
|
|
|
|
"reset --merge" is meant to be used when resetting out of a conflicted
|
|
merge. Any mergy operation guarantees that the working tree file that is
|
|
involved in the merge does not have local change wrt the index before
|
|
it starts, and that it writes the result out to the working tree. So if
|
|
we see some difference between the index and the target and also
|
|
between the index and the working tree, then it means that we are not
|
|
resetting out from a state that a mergy operation left after failing
|
|
with a conflict. That is why we disallow --merge option in this case.
|
|
|
|
"reset --keep" is meant to be used when removing some of the last
|
|
commits in the current branch while keeping changes in the working
|
|
tree. If there could be conflicts between the changes in the commit we
|
|
want to remove and the changes in the working tree we want to keep,
|
|
the reset is disallowed. That's why it is disallowed if there are both
|
|
changes between the working tree and HEAD, and between HEAD and the
|
|
target. To be safe, it is also disallowed when there are unmerged
|
|
entries.
|
|
|
|
The following tables show what happens when there are unmerged
|
|
entries:
|
|
|
|
working index HEAD target working index HEAD
|
|
----------------------------------------------------
|
|
X U A B --soft (disallowed)
|
|
--mixed X B B
|
|
--hard B B B
|
|
--merge B B B
|
|
--keep (disallowed)
|
|
|
|
working index HEAD target working index HEAD
|
|
----------------------------------------------------
|
|
X U A A --soft (disallowed)
|
|
--mixed X A A
|
|
--hard A A A
|
|
--merge A A A
|
|
--keep (disallowed)
|
|
|
|
X means any state and U means an unmerged index.
|
|
|
|
GIT
|
|
---
|
|
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
|