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504 строки
19 KiB
Plaintext
504 строки
19 KiB
Plaintext
git-send-email(1)
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=================
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NAME
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----
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git-send-email - Send a collection of patches as emails
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SYNOPSIS
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--------
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[verse]
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'git send-email' [options] <file|directory|rev-list options>...
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'git send-email' --dump-aliases
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DESCRIPTION
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-----------
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Takes the patches given on the command line and emails them out.
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Patches can be specified as files, directories (which will send all
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files in the directory), or directly as a revision list. In the
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last case, any format accepted by linkgit:git-format-patch[1] can
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be passed to git send-email.
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The header of the email is configurable via command-line options. If not
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specified on the command line, the user will be prompted with a ReadLine
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enabled interface to provide the necessary information.
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There are two formats accepted for patch files:
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1. mbox format files
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+
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This is what linkgit:git-format-patch[1] generates. Most headers and MIME
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formatting are ignored.
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2. The original format used by Greg Kroah-Hartman's 'send_lots_of_email.pl'
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script
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+
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This format expects the first line of the file to contain the "Cc:" value
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and the "Subject:" of the message as the second line.
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OPTIONS
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-------
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Composing
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~~~~~~~~~
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--annotate::
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Review and edit each patch you're about to send. Default is the value
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of `sendemail.annotate`. See the CONFIGURATION section for
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`sendemail.multiEdit`.
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--bcc=<address>,...::
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Specify a "Bcc:" value for each email. Default is the value of
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`sendemail.bcc`.
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+
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This option may be specified multiple times.
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--cc=<address>,...::
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Specify a starting "Cc:" value for each email.
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Default is the value of `sendemail.cc`.
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This option may be specified multiple times.
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--compose::
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Invoke a text editor (see GIT_EDITOR in linkgit:git-var[1])
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to edit an introductory message for the patch series.
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When `--compose` is used, git send-email will use the From, Subject, and
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In-Reply-To headers specified in the message. If the body of the message
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(what you type after the headers and a blank line) only contains blank
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(or Git: prefixed) lines, the summary won't be sent, but From, Subject,
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and In-Reply-To headers will be used unless they are removed.
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Missing From or In-Reply-To headers will be prompted for.
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See the CONFIGURATION section for `sendemail.multiEdit`.
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--from=<address>::
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Specify the sender of the emails. If not specified on the command line,
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the value of the `sendemail.from` configuration option is used. If
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neither the command-line option nor `sendemail.from` are set, then the
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user will be prompted for the value. The default for the prompt will be
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the value of GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT, or GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT if that is not
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set, as returned by "git var -l".
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--reply-to=<address>::
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Specify the address where replies from recipients should go to.
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Use this if replies to messages should go to another address than what
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is specified with the --from parameter.
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--in-reply-to=<identifier>::
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Make the first mail (or all the mails with `--no-thread`) appear as a
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reply to the given Message-Id, which avoids breaking threads to
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provide a new patch series.
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The second and subsequent emails will be sent as replies according to
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the `--[no-]chain-reply-to` setting.
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So for example when `--thread` and `--no-chain-reply-to` are specified, the
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second and subsequent patches will be replies to the first one like in the
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illustration below where `[PATCH v2 0/3]` is in reply to `[PATCH 0/2]`:
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[PATCH 0/2] Here is what I did...
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[PATCH 1/2] Clean up and tests
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[PATCH 2/2] Implementation
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[PATCH v2 0/3] Here is a reroll
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[PATCH v2 1/3] Clean up
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[PATCH v2 2/3] New tests
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[PATCH v2 3/3] Implementation
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Only necessary if --compose is also set. If --compose
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is not set, this will be prompted for.
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--subject=<string>::
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Specify the initial subject of the email thread.
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Only necessary if --compose is also set. If --compose
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is not set, this will be prompted for.
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--to=<address>,...::
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Specify the primary recipient of the emails generated. Generally, this
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will be the upstream maintainer of the project involved. Default is the
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value of the `sendemail.to` configuration value; if that is unspecified,
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and --to-cmd is not specified, this will be prompted for.
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This option may be specified multiple times.
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--8bit-encoding=<encoding>::
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When encountering a non-ASCII message or subject that does not
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declare its encoding, add headers/quoting to indicate it is
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encoded in <encoding>. Default is the value of the
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'sendemail.assume8bitEncoding'; if that is unspecified, this
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will be prompted for if any non-ASCII files are encountered.
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Note that no attempts whatsoever are made to validate the encoding.
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--compose-encoding=<encoding>::
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Specify encoding of compose message. Default is the value of the
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'sendemail.composeencoding'; if that is unspecified, UTF-8 is assumed.
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--transfer-encoding=(7bit|8bit|quoted-printable|base64)::
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Specify the transfer encoding to be used to send the message over SMTP.
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7bit will fail upon encountering a non-ASCII message. quoted-printable
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can be useful when the repository contains files that contain carriage
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returns, but makes the raw patch email file (as saved from a MUA) much
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harder to inspect manually. base64 is even more fool proof, but also
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even more opaque. Default is the value of the `sendemail.transferEncoding`
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configuration value; if that is unspecified, git will use 8bit and not
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add a Content-Transfer-Encoding header.
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--xmailer::
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--no-xmailer::
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Add (or prevent adding) the "X-Mailer:" header. By default,
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the header is added, but it can be turned off by setting the
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`sendemail.xmailer` configuration variable to `false`.
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Sending
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~~~~~~~
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--envelope-sender=<address>::
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Specify the envelope sender used to send the emails.
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This is useful if your default address is not the address that is
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subscribed to a list. In order to use the 'From' address, set the
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value to "auto". If you use the sendmail binary, you must have
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suitable privileges for the -f parameter. Default is the value of the
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`sendemail.envelopeSender` configuration variable; if that is
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unspecified, choosing the envelope sender is left to your MTA.
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--smtp-encryption=<encryption>::
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Specify the encryption to use, either 'ssl' or 'tls'. Any other
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value reverts to plain SMTP. Default is the value of
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`sendemail.smtpEncryption`.
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--smtp-domain=<FQDN>::
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Specifies the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) used in the
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HELO/EHLO command to the SMTP server. Some servers require the
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FQDN to match your IP address. If not set, git send-email attempts
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to determine your FQDN automatically. Default is the value of
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`sendemail.smtpDomain`.
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--smtp-auth=<mechanisms>::
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Whitespace-separated list of allowed SMTP-AUTH mechanisms. This setting
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forces using only the listed mechanisms. Example:
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------
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$ git send-email --smtp-auth="PLAIN LOGIN GSSAPI" ...
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------
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If at least one of the specified mechanisms matches the ones advertised by the
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SMTP server and if it is supported by the utilized SASL library, the mechanism
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is used for authentication. If neither 'sendemail.smtpAuth' nor `--smtp-auth`
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is specified, all mechanisms supported by the SASL library can be used.
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--smtp-pass[=<password>]::
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Password for SMTP-AUTH. The argument is optional: If no
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argument is specified, then the empty string is used as
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the password. Default is the value of `sendemail.smtpPass`,
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however `--smtp-pass` always overrides this value.
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Furthermore, passwords need not be specified in configuration files
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or on the command line. If a username has been specified (with
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`--smtp-user` or a `sendemail.smtpUser`), but no password has been
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specified (with `--smtp-pass` or `sendemail.smtpPass`), then
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a password is obtained using 'git-credential'.
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--smtp-server=<host>::
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If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server to use (e.g.
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`smtp.example.com` or a raw IP address). Alternatively it can
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specify a full pathname of a sendmail-like program instead;
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the program must support the `-i` option. Default value can
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be specified by the `sendemail.smtpServer` configuration
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option; the built-in default is to search for `sendmail` in
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`/usr/sbin`, `/usr/lib` and $PATH if such program is
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available, falling back to `localhost` otherwise.
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--smtp-server-port=<port>::
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Specifies a port different from the default port (SMTP
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servers typically listen to smtp port 25, but may also listen to
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submission port 587, or the common SSL smtp port 465);
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symbolic port names (e.g. "submission" instead of 587)
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are also accepted. The port can also be set with the
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`sendemail.smtpServerPort` configuration variable.
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--smtp-server-option=<option>::
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If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server option to use.
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Default value can be specified by the `sendemail.smtpServerOption`
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configuration option.
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The --smtp-server-option option must be repeated for each option you want
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to pass to the server. Likewise, different lines in the configuration files
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must be used for each option.
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--smtp-ssl::
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Legacy alias for '--smtp-encryption ssl'.
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--smtp-ssl-cert-path::
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Path to a store of trusted CA certificates for SMTP SSL/TLS
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certificate validation (either a directory that has been processed
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by 'c_rehash', or a single file containing one or more PEM format
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certificates concatenated together: see verify(1) -CAfile and
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-CApath for more information on these). Set it to an empty string
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to disable certificate verification. Defaults to the value of the
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`sendemail.smtpsslcertpath` configuration variable, if set, or the
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backing SSL library's compiled-in default otherwise (which should
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be the best choice on most platforms).
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--smtp-user=<user>::
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Username for SMTP-AUTH. Default is the value of `sendemail.smtpUser`;
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if a username is not specified (with `--smtp-user` or `sendemail.smtpUser`),
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then authentication is not attempted.
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--smtp-debug=0|1::
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Enable (1) or disable (0) debug output. If enabled, SMTP
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commands and replies will be printed. Useful to debug TLS
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connection and authentication problems.
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--batch-size=<num>::
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Some email servers (e.g. smtp.163.com) limit the number emails to be
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sent per session (connection) and this will lead to a faliure when
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sending many messages. With this option, send-email will disconnect after
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sending $<num> messages and wait for a few seconds (see --relogin-delay)
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and reconnect, to work around such a limit. You may want to
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use some form of credential helper to avoid having to retype
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your password every time this happens. Defaults to the
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`sendemail.smtpBatchSize` configuration variable.
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--relogin-delay=<int>::
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Waiting $<int> seconds before reconnecting to SMTP server. Used together
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with --batch-size option. Defaults to the `sendemail.smtpReloginDelay`
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configuration variable.
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Automating
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~~~~~~~~~~
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--to-cmd=<command>::
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Specify a command to execute once per patch file which
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should generate patch file specific "To:" entries.
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Output of this command must be single email address per line.
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Default is the value of 'sendemail.tocmd' configuration value.
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--cc-cmd=<command>::
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Specify a command to execute once per patch file which
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should generate patch file specific "Cc:" entries.
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Output of this command must be single email address per line.
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Default is the value of `sendemail.ccCmd` configuration value.
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--[no-]chain-reply-to::
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If this is set, each email will be sent as a reply to the previous
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email sent. If disabled with "--no-chain-reply-to", all emails after
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the first will be sent as replies to the first email sent. When using
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this, it is recommended that the first file given be an overview of the
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entire patch series. Disabled by default, but the `sendemail.chainReplyTo`
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configuration variable can be used to enable it.
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--identity=<identity>::
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A configuration identity. When given, causes values in the
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'sendemail.<identity>' subsection to take precedence over
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values in the 'sendemail' section. The default identity is
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the value of `sendemail.identity`.
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--[no-]signed-off-by-cc::
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If this is set, add emails found in Signed-off-by: or Cc: lines to the
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cc list. Default is the value of `sendemail.signedoffbycc` configuration
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value; if that is unspecified, default to --signed-off-by-cc.
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--[no-]cc-cover::
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If this is set, emails found in Cc: headers in the first patch of
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the series (typically the cover letter) are added to the cc list
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for each email set. Default is the value of 'sendemail.cccover'
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configuration value; if that is unspecified, default to --no-cc-cover.
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--[no-]to-cover::
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If this is set, emails found in To: headers in the first patch of
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the series (typically the cover letter) are added to the to list
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for each email set. Default is the value of 'sendemail.tocover'
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configuration value; if that is unspecified, default to --no-to-cover.
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--suppress-cc=<category>::
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Specify an additional category of recipients to suppress the
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auto-cc of:
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--
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- 'author' will avoid including the patch author
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- 'self' will avoid including the sender
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- 'cc' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Cc lines in the patch header
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except for self (use 'self' for that).
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- 'bodycc' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Cc lines in the
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patch body (commit message) except for self (use 'self' for that).
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- 'sob' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Signed-off-by lines except
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for self (use 'self' for that).
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- 'cccmd' will avoid running the --cc-cmd.
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- 'body' is equivalent to 'sob' + 'bodycc'
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- 'all' will suppress all auto cc values.
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--
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Default is the value of `sendemail.suppresscc` configuration value; if
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that is unspecified, default to 'self' if --suppress-from is
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specified, as well as 'body' if --no-signed-off-cc is specified.
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--[no-]suppress-from::
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If this is set, do not add the From: address to the cc: list.
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Default is the value of `sendemail.suppressFrom` configuration
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value; if that is unspecified, default to --no-suppress-from.
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--[no-]thread::
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If this is set, the In-Reply-To and References headers will be
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added to each email sent. Whether each mail refers to the
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previous email (`deep` threading per 'git format-patch'
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wording) or to the first email (`shallow` threading) is
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governed by "--[no-]chain-reply-to".
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If disabled with "--no-thread", those headers will not be added
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(unless specified with --in-reply-to). Default is the value of the
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`sendemail.thread` configuration value; if that is unspecified,
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default to --thread.
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It is up to the user to ensure that no In-Reply-To header already
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exists when 'git send-email' is asked to add it (especially note that
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'git format-patch' can be configured to do the threading itself).
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Failure to do so may not produce the expected result in the
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recipient's MUA.
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Administering
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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--confirm=<mode>::
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Confirm just before sending:
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--
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- 'always' will always confirm before sending
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- 'never' will never confirm before sending
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- 'cc' will confirm before sending when send-email has automatically
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added addresses from the patch to the Cc list
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- 'compose' will confirm before sending the first message when using --compose.
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- 'auto' is equivalent to 'cc' + 'compose'
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--
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Default is the value of `sendemail.confirm` configuration value; if that
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is unspecified, default to 'auto' unless any of the suppress options
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have been specified, in which case default to 'compose'.
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--dry-run::
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Do everything except actually send the emails.
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--[no-]format-patch::
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When an argument may be understood either as a reference or as a file name,
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choose to understand it as a format-patch argument (`--format-patch`)
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or as a file name (`--no-format-patch`). By default, when such a conflict
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occurs, git send-email will fail.
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--quiet::
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Make git-send-email less verbose. One line per email should be
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all that is output.
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--[no-]validate::
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Perform sanity checks on patches.
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Currently, validation means the following:
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--
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* Invoke the sendemail-validate hook if present (see linkgit:githooks[5]).
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* Warn of patches that contain lines longer than 998 characters; this
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is due to SMTP limits as described by http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2821.txt.
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--
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Default is the value of `sendemail.validate`; if this is not set,
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default to `--validate`.
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--force::
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Send emails even if safety checks would prevent it.
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Information
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~~~~~~~~~~~
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--dump-aliases::
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Instead of the normal operation, dump the shorthand alias names from
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the configured alias file(s), one per line in alphabetical order. Note,
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this only includes the alias name and not its expanded email addresses.
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See 'sendemail.aliasesfile' for more information about aliases.
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CONFIGURATION
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-------------
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sendemail.aliasesFile::
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To avoid typing long email addresses, point this to one or more
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email aliases files. You must also supply `sendemail.aliasFileType`.
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sendemail.aliasFileType::
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Format of the file(s) specified in sendemail.aliasesFile. Must be
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one of 'mutt', 'mailrc', 'pine', 'elm', or 'gnus', or 'sendmail'.
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+
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What an alias file in each format looks like can be found in
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the documentation of the email program of the same name. The
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differences and limitations from the standard formats are
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described below:
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--
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sendmail;;
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* Quoted aliases and quoted addresses are not supported: lines that
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contain a `"` symbol are ignored.
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* Redirection to a file (`/path/name`) or pipe (`|command`) is not
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supported.
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* File inclusion (`:include: /path/name`) is not supported.
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* Warnings are printed on the standard error output for any
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explicitly unsupported constructs, and any other lines that are not
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recognized by the parser.
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--
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sendemail.multiEdit::
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If true (default), a single editor instance will be spawned to edit
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files you have to edit (patches when `--annotate` is used, and the
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summary when `--compose` is used). If false, files will be edited one
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after the other, spawning a new editor each time.
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sendemail.confirm::
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Sets the default for whether to confirm before sending. Must be
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one of 'always', 'never', 'cc', 'compose', or 'auto'. See `--confirm`
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in the previous section for the meaning of these values.
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EXAMPLE
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-------
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Use gmail as the smtp server
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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To use 'git send-email' to send your patches through the GMail SMTP server,
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edit ~/.gitconfig to specify your account settings:
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[sendemail]
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smtpEncryption = tls
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smtpServer = smtp.gmail.com
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smtpUser = yourname@gmail.com
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smtpServerPort = 587
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|
|
|
If you have multifactor authentication setup on your gmail account, you will
|
|
need to generate an app-specific password for use with 'git send-email'. Visit
|
|
https://security.google.com/settings/security/apppasswords to setup an
|
|
app-specific password. Once setup, you can store it with the credentials
|
|
helper:
|
|
|
|
$ git credential fill
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|
protocol=smtp
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|
host=smtp.gmail.com
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|
username=youname@gmail.com
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|
password=app-password
|
|
|
|
|
|
Once your commits are ready to be sent to the mailing list, run the
|
|
following commands:
|
|
|
|
$ git format-patch --cover-letter -M origin/master -o outgoing/
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|
$ edit outgoing/0000-*
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|
$ git send-email outgoing/*
|
|
|
|
Note: the following perl modules are required
|
|
Net::SMTP::SSL, MIME::Base64 and Authen::SASL
|
|
|
|
SEE ALSO
|
|
--------
|
|
linkgit:git-format-patch[1], linkgit:git-imap-send[1], mbox(5)
|
|
|
|
GIT
|
|
---
|
|
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
|