зеркало из https://github.com/microsoft/git.git
327 строки
10 KiB
Plaintext
327 строки
10 KiB
Plaintext
git-tag(1)
|
|
==========
|
|
|
|
NAME
|
|
----
|
|
git-tag - Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG
|
|
|
|
|
|
SYNOPSIS
|
|
--------
|
|
[verse]
|
|
'git tag' [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>]
|
|
<tagname> [<commit> | <object>]
|
|
'git tag' -d <tagname>...
|
|
'git tag' [-n[<num>]] -l [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>]
|
|
[--column[=<options>] | --no-column] [<pattern>...]
|
|
[<pattern>...]
|
|
'git tag' -v <tagname>...
|
|
|
|
DESCRIPTION
|
|
-----------
|
|
|
|
Add a tag reference in `refs/tags/`, unless `-d/-l/-v` is given
|
|
to delete, list or verify tags.
|
|
|
|
Unless `-f` is given, the named tag must not yet exist.
|
|
|
|
If one of `-a`, `-s`, or `-u <key-id>` is passed, the command
|
|
creates a 'tag' object, and requires a tag message. Unless
|
|
`-m <msg>` or `-F <file>` is given, an editor is started for the user to type
|
|
in the tag message.
|
|
|
|
If `-m <msg>` or `-F <file>` is given and `-a`, `-s`, and `-u <key-id>`
|
|
are absent, `-a` is implied.
|
|
|
|
Otherwise just a tag reference for the SHA-1 object name of the commit object is
|
|
created (i.e. a lightweight tag).
|
|
|
|
A GnuPG signed tag object will be created when `-s` or `-u
|
|
<key-id>` is used. When `-u <key-id>` is not used, the
|
|
committer identity for the current user is used to find the
|
|
GnuPG key for signing. The configuration variable `gpg.program`
|
|
is used to specify custom GnuPG binary.
|
|
|
|
Tag objects (created with `-a`, `s`, or `-u`) are called "annotated"
|
|
tags; they contain a creation date, the tagger name and e-mail, a
|
|
tagging message, and an optional GnuPG signature. Whereas a
|
|
"lightweight" tag is simply a name for an object (usually a commit
|
|
object).
|
|
|
|
Annotated tags are meant for release while lightweight tags are meant
|
|
for private or temporary object labels. For this reason, some git
|
|
commands for naming objects (like `git describe`) will ignore
|
|
lightweight tags by default.
|
|
|
|
|
|
OPTIONS
|
|
-------
|
|
-a::
|
|
--annotate::
|
|
Make an unsigned, annotated tag object
|
|
|
|
-s::
|
|
--sign::
|
|
Make a GPG-signed tag, using the default e-mail address's key.
|
|
|
|
-u <key-id>::
|
|
--local-user=<key-id>::
|
|
Make a GPG-signed tag, using the given key.
|
|
|
|
-f::
|
|
--force::
|
|
Replace an existing tag with the given name (instead of failing)
|
|
|
|
-d::
|
|
--delete::
|
|
Delete existing tags with the given names.
|
|
|
|
-v::
|
|
--verify::
|
|
Verify the gpg signature of the given tag names.
|
|
|
|
-n<num>::
|
|
<num> specifies how many lines from the annotation, if any,
|
|
are printed when using -l.
|
|
The default is not to print any annotation lines.
|
|
If no number is given to `-n`, only the first line is printed.
|
|
If the tag is not annotated, the commit message is displayed instead.
|
|
|
|
-l <pattern>::
|
|
--list <pattern>::
|
|
List tags with names that match the given pattern (or all if no
|
|
pattern is given). Running "git tag" without arguments also
|
|
lists all tags. The pattern is a shell wildcard (i.e., matched
|
|
using fnmatch(3)). Multiple patterns may be given; if any of
|
|
them matches, the tag is shown.
|
|
|
|
--sort=<type>::
|
|
Sort in a specific order. Supported type is "refname"
|
|
(lexicographic order), "version:refname" or "v:refname" (tag
|
|
names are treated as versions). Prepend "-" to reverse sort
|
|
order. When this option is not given, the sort order defaults to the
|
|
value configured for the 'tag.sort' variable if it exists, or
|
|
lexicographic order otherwise. See linkgit:git-config[1].
|
|
|
|
--column[=<options>]::
|
|
--no-column::
|
|
Display tag listing in columns. See configuration variable
|
|
column.tag for option syntax.`--column` and `--no-column`
|
|
without options are equivalent to 'always' and 'never' respectively.
|
|
+
|
|
This option is only applicable when listing tags without annotation lines.
|
|
|
|
--contains [<commit>]::
|
|
Only list tags which contain the specified commit (HEAD if not
|
|
specified).
|
|
|
|
--points-at <object>::
|
|
Only list tags of the given object.
|
|
|
|
-m <msg>::
|
|
--message=<msg>::
|
|
Use the given tag message (instead of prompting).
|
|
If multiple `-m` options are given, their values are
|
|
concatenated as separate paragraphs.
|
|
Implies `-a` if none of `-a`, `-s`, or `-u <key-id>`
|
|
is given.
|
|
|
|
-F <file>::
|
|
--file=<file>::
|
|
Take the tag message from the given file. Use '-' to
|
|
read the message from the standard input.
|
|
Implies `-a` if none of `-a`, `-s`, or `-u <key-id>`
|
|
is given.
|
|
|
|
--cleanup=<mode>::
|
|
This option sets how the tag message is cleaned up.
|
|
The '<mode>' can be one of 'verbatim', 'whitespace' and 'strip'. The
|
|
'strip' mode is default. The 'verbatim' mode does not change message at
|
|
all, 'whitespace' removes just leading/trailing whitespace lines and
|
|
'strip' removes both whitespace and commentary.
|
|
|
|
<tagname>::
|
|
The name of the tag to create, delete, or describe.
|
|
The new tag name must pass all checks defined by
|
|
linkgit:git-check-ref-format[1]. Some of these checks
|
|
may restrict the characters allowed in a tag name.
|
|
|
|
<commit>::
|
|
<object>::
|
|
The object that the new tag will refer to, usually a commit.
|
|
Defaults to HEAD.
|
|
|
|
|
|
CONFIGURATION
|
|
-------------
|
|
By default, 'git tag' in sign-with-default mode (-s) will use your
|
|
committer identity (of the form "Your Name <\your@email.address>") to
|
|
find a key. If you want to use a different default key, you can specify
|
|
it in the repository configuration as follows:
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------
|
|
[user]
|
|
signingkey = <gpg-key-id>
|
|
-------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
DISCUSSION
|
|
----------
|
|
|
|
On Re-tagging
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
What should you do when you tag a wrong commit and you would
|
|
want to re-tag?
|
|
|
|
If you never pushed anything out, just re-tag it. Use "-f" to
|
|
replace the old one. And you're done.
|
|
|
|
But if you have pushed things out (or others could just read
|
|
your repository directly), then others will have already seen
|
|
the old tag. In that case you can do one of two things:
|
|
|
|
. The sane thing.
|
|
Just admit you screwed up, and use a different name. Others have
|
|
already seen one tag-name, and if you keep the same name, you
|
|
may be in the situation that two people both have "version X",
|
|
but they actually have 'different' "X"'s. So just call it "X.1"
|
|
and be done with it.
|
|
|
|
. The insane thing.
|
|
You really want to call the new version "X" too, 'even though'
|
|
others have already seen the old one. So just use 'git tag -f'
|
|
again, as if you hadn't already published the old one.
|
|
|
|
However, Git does *not* (and it should not) change tags behind
|
|
users back. So if somebody already got the old tag, doing a
|
|
'git pull' on your tree shouldn't just make them overwrite the old
|
|
one.
|
|
|
|
If somebody got a release tag from you, you cannot just change
|
|
the tag for them by updating your own one. This is a big
|
|
security issue, in that people MUST be able to trust their
|
|
tag-names. If you really want to do the insane thing, you need
|
|
to just fess up to it, and tell people that you messed up. You
|
|
can do that by making a very public announcement saying:
|
|
|
|
------------
|
|
Ok, I messed up, and I pushed out an earlier version tagged as X. I
|
|
then fixed something, and retagged the *fixed* tree as X again.
|
|
|
|
If you got the wrong tag, and want the new one, please delete
|
|
the old one and fetch the new one by doing:
|
|
|
|
git tag -d X
|
|
git fetch origin tag X
|
|
|
|
to get my updated tag.
|
|
|
|
You can test which tag you have by doing
|
|
|
|
git rev-parse X
|
|
|
|
which should return 0123456789abcdef.. if you have the new version.
|
|
|
|
Sorry for the inconvenience.
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
Does this seem a bit complicated? It *should* be. There is no
|
|
way that it would be correct to just "fix" it automatically.
|
|
People need to know that their tags might have been changed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
On Automatic following
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
If you are following somebody else's tree, you are most likely
|
|
using remote-tracking branches (`refs/heads/origin` in traditional
|
|
layout, or `refs/remotes/origin/master` in the separate-remote
|
|
layout). You usually want the tags from the other end.
|
|
|
|
On the other hand, if you are fetching because you would want a
|
|
one-shot merge from somebody else, you typically do not want to
|
|
get tags from there. This happens more often for people near
|
|
the toplevel but not limited to them. Mere mortals when pulling
|
|
from each other do not necessarily want to automatically get
|
|
private anchor point tags from the other person.
|
|
|
|
Often, "please pull" messages on the mailing list just provide
|
|
two pieces of information: a repo URL and a branch name; this
|
|
is designed to be easily cut&pasted at the end of a 'git fetch'
|
|
command line:
|
|
|
|
------------
|
|
Linus, please pull from
|
|
|
|
git://git..../proj.git master
|
|
|
|
to get the following updates...
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
becomes:
|
|
|
|
------------
|
|
$ git pull git://git..../proj.git master
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
In such a case, you do not want to automatically follow the other
|
|
person's tags.
|
|
|
|
One important aspect of Git is its distributed nature, which
|
|
largely means there is no inherent "upstream" or
|
|
"downstream" in the system. On the face of it, the above
|
|
example might seem to indicate that the tag namespace is owned
|
|
by the upper echelon of people and that tags only flow downwards, but
|
|
that is not the case. It only shows that the usage pattern
|
|
determines who are interested in whose tags.
|
|
|
|
A one-shot pull is a sign that a commit history is now crossing
|
|
the boundary between one circle of people (e.g. "people who are
|
|
primarily interested in the networking part of the kernel") who may
|
|
have their own set of tags (e.g. "this is the third release
|
|
candidate from the networking group to be proposed for general
|
|
consumption with 2.6.21 release") to another circle of people
|
|
(e.g. "people who integrate various subsystem improvements").
|
|
The latter are usually not interested in the detailed tags used
|
|
internally in the former group (that is what "internal" means).
|
|
That is why it is desirable not to follow tags automatically in
|
|
this case.
|
|
|
|
It may well be that among networking people, they may want to
|
|
exchange the tags internal to their group, but in that workflow
|
|
they are most likely tracking each other's progress by
|
|
having remote-tracking branches. Again, the heuristic to automatically
|
|
follow such tags is a good thing.
|
|
|
|
|
|
On Backdating Tags
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
If you have imported some changes from another VCS and would like
|
|
to add tags for major releases of your work, it is useful to be able
|
|
to specify the date to embed inside of the tag object; such data in
|
|
the tag object affects, for example, the ordering of tags in the
|
|
gitweb interface.
|
|
|
|
To set the date used in future tag objects, set the environment
|
|
variable GIT_COMMITTER_DATE (see the later discussion of possible
|
|
values; the most common form is "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM").
|
|
|
|
For example:
|
|
|
|
------------
|
|
$ GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2006-10-02 10:31" git tag -s v1.0.1
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
include::date-formats.txt[]
|
|
|
|
SEE ALSO
|
|
--------
|
|
linkgit:git-check-ref-format[1].
|
|
linkgit:git-config[1].
|
|
|
|
GIT
|
|
---
|
|
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
|