diff --git a/nn_meter/builder/backends/interface.py b/nn_meter/builder/backends/interface.py
index 6c5a5d5..fd19c07 100644
--- a/nn_meter/builder/backends/interface.py
+++ b/nn_meter/builder/backends/interface.py
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class BaseBackend:
         self.parser_kwargs = {}
         self.profiler_kwargs = {}
     
-    def convert_model(self, model_path, save_path, input_shape=None):
+    def convert_model(self, model_path, save_path, input_shape = None):
         """ convert the Keras model instance to the type required by the backend inference.
 
         @params:
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class BaseBackend:
         converted_model = model_path
         return converted_model
 
-    def profile(self, converted_model, metrics = ['latency'], input_shape = None, **kwargs):
+    def profile(self, converted_model, metrics = ['latency'], **kwargs):
         """
         run the model on the backend, return required metrics of the running results. nn-Meter only support latency
         for metric by now. Users may provide other metrics in their customized backend.
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class BaseBackend:
             generated and used
         """
         converted_model = self.convert_model(model_path, save_path, input_shape)
-        res = self.profile(converted_model, metrics, input_shape, **kwargs)
+        res = self.profile(converted_model, metrics, input_shape=input_shape, **kwargs)
         return res
 
     def test_connection(self):
diff --git a/nn_meter/builder/backends/openvino/openvino_profiler.py b/nn_meter/builder/backends/openvino/openvino_profiler.py
index 5c6c1dd..167c059 100644
--- a/nn_meter/builder/backends/openvino/openvino_profiler.py
+++ b/nn_meter/builder/backends/openvino/openvino_profiler.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class OpenVINOProfiler(BaseProfiler):
         self._graph_path = graph_path
         self._dst_graph_path = dst_graph_path
 
-    def profile(self, shapes, retry=2):
+    def profile(self, shapes, retry = 2, **kwargs):
         interpreter_path = os.path.join(self._venv, 'bin/python')
         pyver = get_pyver(interpreter_path)
 
diff --git a/nn_meter/builder/backends/tflite/tflite_profiler.py b/nn_meter/builder/backends/tflite/tflite_profiler.py
index 9539ea8..ac240de 100644
--- a/nn_meter/builder/backends/tflite/tflite_profiler.py
+++ b/nn_meter/builder/backends/tflite/tflite_profiler.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class TFLiteProfiler(BaseProfiler):
         self._num_runs = num_runs
         self._warm_ups = warm_ups
 
-    def profile(self, graph_path, preserve = False, clean = True, taskset = '70', close_xnnpack = False):
+    def profile(self, graph_path, preserve = False, clean = True, taskset = '70', close_xnnpack = False, **kwargs):
         """
         @params:
         preserve: tflite file exists in remote dir. No need to push it again.