diff --git a/docs/api/datasets.rst b/docs/api/datasets.rst
index 2956a049b..504d836e1 100644
--- a/docs/api/datasets.rst
+++ b/docs/api/datasets.rst
@@ -127,6 +127,11 @@ So2Sat
 
 .. autoclass:: So2Sat
 
+SpaceNet
+^^^^^^^^
+
+.. autoclass:: SpaceNet1
+
 Tropical Cyclone Wind Estimation Competition
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
diff --git a/tests/data/spacenet/spacenet1/sn1_AOI_1_RIO.tar.gz b/tests/data/spacenet/spacenet1/sn1_AOI_1_RIO.tar.gz
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..231c81e1c
Binary files /dev/null and b/tests/data/spacenet/spacenet1/sn1_AOI_1_RIO.tar.gz differ
diff --git a/tests/datasets/test_spacenet.py b/tests/datasets/test_spacenet.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..39a7acf9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/datasets/test_spacenet.py
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+# Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+import glob
+import os
+import shutil
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Generator
+
+import pytest
+import torch
+from _pytest.fixtures import SubRequest
+from _pytest.monkeypatch import MonkeyPatch
+
+from torchgeo.datasets import SpaceNet1
+from torchgeo.transforms import Identity
+
+TEST_DATA_DIR = "tests/data/spacenet"
+
+
+class Dataset:
+    def __init__(self, collection_id: str) -> None:
+        self.collection_id = collection_id
+
+    def download(self, output_dir: str, **kwargs: str) -> None:
+        glob_path = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, self.collection_id, "*.tar.gz")
+        for tarball in glob.iglob(glob_path):
+            shutil.copy(tarball, output_dir)
+
+
+def fetch(collection_id: str, **kwargs: str) -> Dataset:
+    return Dataset(collection_id)
+
+
+class TestSpaceNet1:
+    @pytest.fixture(params=["rgb", "8band"])
+    def dataset(
+        self,
+        request: SubRequest,
+        monkeypatch: Generator[MonkeyPatch, None, None],
+        tmp_path: Path,
+    ) -> SpaceNet1:
+        radiant_mlhub = pytest.importorskip("radiant_mlhub", minversion="0.2.1")
+        monkeypatch.setattr(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            radiant_mlhub.Dataset, "fetch", fetch
+        )
+        test_md5 = "829652022c2df4511ee4ae05bc290250"
+        monkeypatch.setattr(SpaceNet1, "md5", test_md5)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        root = str(tmp_path)
+        transforms = Identity()
+        return SpaceNet1(
+            root,
+            image=request.param,
+            transforms=transforms,
+            download=True,
+            api_key="",
+        )
+
+    def test_getitem(self, dataset: SpaceNet1) -> None:
+        x = dataset[0]
+        assert isinstance(x, dict)
+        assert isinstance(x["image"], torch.Tensor)
+        assert isinstance(x["mask"], torch.Tensor)
+        if dataset.image == "rgb":
+            assert x["image"].shape[0] == 3
+        else:
+            assert x["image"].shape[0] == 8
+
+    def test_len(self, dataset: SpaceNet1) -> None:
+        assert len(dataset) == 2
+
+    def test_already_downloaded(self, dataset: SpaceNet1) -> None:
+        SpaceNet1(root=dataset.root, download=True)
+
+    def test_not_downloaded(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="Dataset not found"):
+            SpaceNet1(str(tmp_path))
diff --git a/torchgeo/datasets/__init__.py b/torchgeo/datasets/__init__.py
index cba8f93a0..7eee81cc9 100644
--- a/torchgeo/datasets/__init__.py
+++ b/torchgeo/datasets/__init__.py
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ from .resisc45 import RESISC45
 from .sen12ms import SEN12MS
 from .sentinel import Sentinel, Sentinel2
 from .so2sat import So2Sat
+from .spacenet import SpaceNet1
 from .utils import BoundingBox, collate_dict
 
 __all__ = (
@@ -92,6 +93,7 @@ __all__ = (
     "RESISC45",
     "SEN12MS",
     "So2Sat",
+    "SpaceNet1",
     "TropicalCycloneWindEstimation",
     "VHR10",
     # Base classes
diff --git a/torchgeo/datasets/spacenet.py b/torchgeo/datasets/spacenet.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0bdfbab80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/torchgeo/datasets/spacenet.py
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+# Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+"""SpaceNet datasets."""
+
+import glob
+import os
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
+
+import fiona
+import numpy as np
+import rasterio as rio
+import torch
+from affine import Affine
+from rasterio.features import rasterize
+from torch import Tensor
+
+from torchgeo.datasets.geo import VisionDataset
+from torchgeo.datasets.utils import (
+    check_integrity,
+    download_radiant_mlhub,
+    extract_archive,
+)
+
+
+class SpaceNet1(VisionDataset):
+    """SpaceNet 1: Building Detection v1 Dataset.
+
+    `SpaceNet 1 <https://spacenet.ai/spacenet-buildings-dataset-v1/>`_
+    is a dataset of building footprints over the city of Rio de Janeiro.
+
+    Dataset features:
+
+    * No. of images - 6940 (8 Band) + 6940 (RGB)
+    * No. of polygons - 382,534 building labels
+    * Area Coverage - 2544 sq km
+
+    Dataset format:
+
+    * Imagery - Raw 8 band Worldview-3 (GeoTIFF) & Pansharpened RGB image (GeoTIFF)
+    * Labels - GeoJSON
+
+    If you are using data from SpaceNet in a paper, please cite the following paper:
+
+    * https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.01232
+
+    .. note::
+
+       This dataset requires the following additional library to be installed:
+
+       * `radiant-mlhub <https://pypi.org/project/radiant-mlhub/>`_ to download the
+         imagery and labels from the Radiant Earth MLHub
+
+    """
+
+    dataset_id = "spacenet1"
+    md5 = "e6ea35331636fa0c036c04b3d1cbf226"
+    imagery = {"rgb": "RGB.tif", "8band": "8Band.tif"}
+    label_glob = "labels.geojson"
+    foldername = "sn1_AOI_1_RIO"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        root: str,
+        image: str = "rgb",
+        transforms: Optional[Callable[[Dict[str, Any]], Dict[str, Any]]] = None,
+        download: bool = False,
+        api_key: Optional[str] = None,
+        checksum: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Initialise a new SpaceNet 1 Dataset instance.
+
+        Args:
+            root: root directory where dataset can be found
+            image: image selection which must be "rgb" or "8band"
+            transforms: a function/transform that takes input sample and its target as
+                entry and returns a transformed version.
+            download: if True, download dataset and store it in the root directory.
+            api_key: a RadiantEarth MLHub API key to use for downloading the dataset
+
+        Raises:
+            RuntimeError: if ``download=False`` but dataset is missing
+        """
+        self.root = root
+        self.image = image  # For testing
+        self.filename = self.imagery[image]
+        self.transforms = transforms
+        self.checksum = checksum
+
+        if not self._check_integrity():
+            if download:
+                self._download(api_key)
+            else:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Dataset not found. You can use download=True to download it."
+                )
+
+        self.files = self._load_files(os.path.join(root, self.foldername))
+
+    def _load_files(self, root: str) -> List[Dict[str, str]]:
+        """Return the paths of the files in the dataset.
+
+        Args:
+            root: root dir of dataset
+
+        Returns:
+            list of dicts containing paths for each triple of rgb,
+            8band and label
+        """
+        files = []
+        images = glob.glob(os.path.join(root, "*", self.filename))
+        images = sorted(images)
+        for imgpath in images:
+            lbl_path = os.path.join(
+                os.path.dirname(imgpath) + "-labels", "labels.geojson"
+            )
+            files.append({"image_path": imgpath, "label_path": lbl_path})
+        return files
+
+    def _load_image(self, path: str) -> Tuple[Tensor, Affine]:
+        """Load a single image.
+
+        Args:
+            path: path to the image
+
+        Returns:
+            the image
+        """
+        filename = os.path.join(path)
+        with rio.open(filename) as img:
+            array = img.read().astype(np.float32)
+            tensor: Tensor = torch.from_numpy(array)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            return tensor, img.transform
+
+    def _load_mask(self, path: str, tfm: Affine, shape: Tuple[int, int]) -> Tensor:
+        """Rasterizes the dataset's labels (in geojson format).
+
+        Args:
+            path (str): path to the label
+            tfm (Affine): transform of corresponding image
+            shape (List[int, int]): shape of corresponding image
+
+        Returns:
+            Tensor: label tensor
+        """
+        with fiona.open(path) as src:
+            labels = [feature["geometry"] for feature in src]
+
+        if not labels:
+            mask_data = np.zeros(shape=shape)
+        else:
+            mask_data = rasterize(
+                labels,
+                out_shape=shape,
+                fill=0,  # nodata value
+                transform=tfm,
+                all_touched=False,
+                dtype=np.uint8,
+            )
+
+        mask: Tensor = torch.from_numpy(mask_data).long()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+        return mask
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        """Return the number of samples in the dataset.
+
+        Returns:
+            length of the dataset
+        """
+        return len(self.files)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, index: int) -> Dict[str, Tensor]:
+        """Return an index within the dataset.
+
+        Args:
+            index: index to return
+
+        Returns:
+            data and label at that index
+        """
+        files = self.files[index]
+        img, tfm = self._load_image(files["image_path"])
+        h, w = img.shape[1:]
+        mask = self._load_mask(files["label_path"], tfm, (h, w))
+
+        sample = {"image": img, "mask": mask}
+
+        if self.transforms is not None:
+            sample = self.transforms(sample)
+
+        return sample
+
+    def _check_integrity(self) -> bool:
+        """Checks the integrity of the dataset structure.
+
+        Returns:
+            True if the dataset directories are found, else False
+        """
+        stacpath = os.path.join(self.root, self.foldername, "collection.json")
+
+        if os.path.exists(stacpath):
+            return True
+
+        # If dataset folder does not exist, check for uncorrupted archive
+        archive_path = os.path.join(self.root, self.foldername + ".tar.gz")
+        if not os.path.exists(archive_path):
+            return False
+        print("Archive found")
+        if self.checksum and not check_integrity(archive_path, self.md5):
+            print("Dataset corrupted")
+            return False
+        print("Extracting...")
+        extract_archive(archive_path)
+        return True
+
+    def _download(self, api_key: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+        """Download the dataset and extract it.
+
+        Args:
+            api_key: a RadiantEarth MLHub API key to use for downloading the dataset
+
+        Raises:
+            RuntimeError: if download doesn't work correctly or checksums don't match
+        """
+        if self._check_integrity():
+            print("Files already downloaded")
+            return
+
+        download_radiant_mlhub(self.dataset_id, self.root, api_key)
+        archive_path = os.path.join(self.root, self.foldername + ".tar.gz")
+        if (
+            self.checksum
+            and check_integrity(archive_path, self.md5)
+            or not self.checksum
+        ):
+            extract_archive(archive_path)
+        else:
+            raise RuntimeError("Dataset corrupted")