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379 строки
17 KiB
Plaintext
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Metadata-Version: 1.1
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Name: funcsigs
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Version: 1.0.2
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Summary: Python function signatures from PEP362 for Python 2.6, 2.7 and 3.2+
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Home-page: http://funcsigs.readthedocs.org
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Author: Testing Cabal
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Author-email: testing-in-python@lists.idyll.org
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License: ASL
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Description: .. funcsigs documentation master file, created by
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sphinx-quickstart on Fri Apr 20 20:27:52 2012.
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You can adapt this file completely to your liking, but it should at least
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contain the root `toctree` directive.
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Introducing funcsigs
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====================
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The Funcsigs Package
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--------------------
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``funcsigs`` is a backport of the `PEP 362`_ function signature features from
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Python 3.3's `inspect`_ module. The backport is compatible with Python 2.6, 2.7
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as well as 3.3 and up. 3.2 was supported by version 0.4, but with setuptools and
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pip no longer supporting 3.2, we cannot make any statement about 3.2
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compatibility.
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Compatibility
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`````````````
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The ``funcsigs`` backport has been tested against:
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* CPython 2.6
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* CPython 2.7
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* CPython 3.3
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* CPython 3.4
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* CPython 3.5
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* CPython nightlies
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* PyPy and PyPy3(currently failing CI)
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Continuous integration testing is provided by `Travis CI`_.
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Under Python 2.x there is a compatibility issue when a function is assigned to
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the ``__wrapped__`` property of a class after it has been constructed.
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Similiarily there under PyPy directly passing the ``__call__`` method of a
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builtin is also a compatibility issues. Otherwise the functionality is
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believed to be uniform between both Python2 and Python3.
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Issues
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``````
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Source code for ``funcsigs`` is hosted on `GitHub`_. Any bug reports or feature
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requests can be made using GitHub's `issues system`_. |build_status| |coverage|
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Example
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-------
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To obtain a `Signature` object, pass the target function to the
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``funcsigs.signature`` function.
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.. code-block:: python
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>>> from funcsigs import signature
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>>> def foo(a, b=None, *args, **kwargs):
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... pass
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...
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>>> sig = signature(foo)
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>>> sig
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<funcsigs.Signature object at 0x...>
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>>> sig.parameters
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OrderedDict([('a', <Parameter at 0x... 'a'>), ('b', <Parameter at 0x... 'b'>), ('args', <Parameter at 0x... 'args'>), ('kwargs', <Parameter at 0x... 'kwargs'>)])
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>>> sig.return_annotation
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<class 'funcsigs._empty'>
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Introspecting callables with the Signature object
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-------------------------------------------------
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.. note::
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This section of documentation is a direct reproduction of the Python
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standard library documentation for the inspect module.
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The Signature object represents the call signature of a callable object and its
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return annotation. To retrieve a Signature object, use the :func:`signature`
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function.
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.. function:: signature(callable)
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Return a :class:`Signature` object for the given ``callable``::
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>>> from funcsigs import signature
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>>> def foo(a, *, b:int, **kwargs):
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... pass
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>>> sig = signature(foo)
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>>> str(sig)
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'(a, *, b:int, **kwargs)'
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>>> str(sig.parameters['b'])
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'b:int'
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>>> sig.parameters['b'].annotation
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<class 'int'>
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Accepts a wide range of python callables, from plain functions and classes to
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:func:`functools.partial` objects.
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.. note::
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Some callables may not be introspectable in certain implementations of
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Python. For example, in CPython, built-in functions defined in C provide
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no metadata about their arguments.
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.. class:: Signature
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A Signature object represents the call signature of a function and its return
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annotation. For each parameter accepted by the function it stores a
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:class:`Parameter` object in its :attr:`parameters` collection.
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Signature objects are *immutable*. Use :meth:`Signature.replace` to make a
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modified copy.
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.. attribute:: Signature.empty
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A special class-level marker to specify absence of a return annotation.
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.. attribute:: Signature.parameters
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An ordered mapping of parameters' names to the corresponding
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:class:`Parameter` objects.
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.. attribute:: Signature.return_annotation
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The "return" annotation for the callable. If the callable has no "return"
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annotation, this attribute is set to :attr:`Signature.empty`.
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.. method:: Signature.bind(*args, **kwargs)
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Create a mapping from positional and keyword arguments to parameters.
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Returns :class:`BoundArguments` if ``*args`` and ``**kwargs`` match the
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signature, or raises a :exc:`TypeError`.
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.. method:: Signature.bind_partial(*args, **kwargs)
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Works the same way as :meth:`Signature.bind`, but allows the omission of
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some required arguments (mimics :func:`functools.partial` behavior.)
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Returns :class:`BoundArguments`, or raises a :exc:`TypeError` if the
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passed arguments do not match the signature.
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.. method:: Signature.replace(*[, parameters][, return_annotation])
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Create a new Signature instance based on the instance replace was invoked
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on. It is possible to pass different ``parameters`` and/or
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``return_annotation`` to override the corresponding properties of the base
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signature. To remove return_annotation from the copied Signature, pass in
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:attr:`Signature.empty`.
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::
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>>> def test(a, b):
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... pass
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>>> sig = signature(test)
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>>> new_sig = sig.replace(return_annotation="new return anno")
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>>> str(new_sig)
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"(a, b) -> 'new return anno'"
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.. class:: Parameter
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Parameter objects are *immutable*. Instead of modifying a Parameter object,
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you can use :meth:`Parameter.replace` to create a modified copy.
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.. attribute:: Parameter.empty
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A special class-level marker to specify absence of default values and
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annotations.
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.. attribute:: Parameter.name
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The name of the parameter as a string. Must be a valid python identifier
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name (with the exception of ``POSITIONAL_ONLY`` parameters, which can have
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it set to ``None``).
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.. attribute:: Parameter.default
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The default value for the parameter. If the parameter has no default
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value, this attribute is set to :attr:`Parameter.empty`.
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.. attribute:: Parameter.annotation
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The annotation for the parameter. If the parameter has no annotation,
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this attribute is set to :attr:`Parameter.empty`.
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.. attribute:: Parameter.kind
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Describes how argument values are bound to the parameter. Possible values
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(accessible via :class:`Parameter`, like ``Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY``):
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+------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
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| Name | Meaning |
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+========================+==============================================+
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| *POSITIONAL_ONLY* | Value must be supplied as a positional |
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| | argument. |
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| | |
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| | Python has no explicit syntax for defining |
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| | positional-only parameters, but many built-in|
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| | and extension module functions (especially |
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| | those that accept only one or two parameters)|
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| | accept them. |
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+------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
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| *POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD*| Value may be supplied as either a keyword or |
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| | positional argument (this is the standard |
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| | binding behaviour for functions implemented |
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| | in Python.) |
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+------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
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| *VAR_POSITIONAL* | A tuple of positional arguments that aren't |
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| | bound to any other parameter. This |
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| | corresponds to a ``*args`` parameter in a |
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| | Python function definition. |
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+------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
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| *KEYWORD_ONLY* | Value must be supplied as a keyword argument.|
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| | Keyword only parameters are those which |
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| | appear after a ``*`` or ``*args`` entry in a |
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| | Python function definition. |
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+------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
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| *VAR_KEYWORD* | A dict of keyword arguments that aren't bound|
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| | to any other parameter. This corresponds to a|
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| | ``**kwargs`` parameter in a Python function |
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| | definition. |
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+------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
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Example: print all keyword-only arguments without default values::
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>>> def foo(a, b, *, c, d=10):
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... pass
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>>> sig = signature(foo)
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>>> for param in sig.parameters.values():
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... if (param.kind == param.KEYWORD_ONLY and
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... param.default is param.empty):
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... print('Parameter:', param)
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Parameter: c
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.. method:: Parameter.replace(*[, name][, kind][, default][, annotation])
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Create a new Parameter instance based on the instance replaced was invoked
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on. To override a :class:`Parameter` attribute, pass the corresponding
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argument. To remove a default value or/and an annotation from a
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Parameter, pass :attr:`Parameter.empty`.
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::
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>>> from funcsigs import Parameter
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>>> param = Parameter('foo', Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY, default=42)
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>>> str(param)
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'foo=42'
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>>> str(param.replace()) # Will create a shallow copy of 'param'
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'foo=42'
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>>> str(param.replace(default=Parameter.empty, annotation='spam'))
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"foo:'spam'"
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.. class:: BoundArguments
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Result of a :meth:`Signature.bind` or :meth:`Signature.bind_partial` call.
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Holds the mapping of arguments to the function's parameters.
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.. attribute:: BoundArguments.arguments
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An ordered, mutable mapping (:class:`collections.OrderedDict`) of
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parameters' names to arguments' values. Contains only explicitly bound
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arguments. Changes in :attr:`arguments` will reflect in :attr:`args` and
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:attr:`kwargs`.
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Should be used in conjunction with :attr:`Signature.parameters` for any
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argument processing purposes.
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.. note::
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Arguments for which :meth:`Signature.bind` or
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:meth:`Signature.bind_partial` relied on a default value are skipped.
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However, if needed, it is easy to include them.
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::
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>>> def foo(a, b=10):
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... pass
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>>> sig = signature(foo)
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>>> ba = sig.bind(5)
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>>> ba.args, ba.kwargs
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((5,), {})
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>>> for param in sig.parameters.values():
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... if param.name not in ba.arguments:
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... ba.arguments[param.name] = param.default
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>>> ba.args, ba.kwargs
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((5, 10), {})
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.. attribute:: BoundArguments.args
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A tuple of positional arguments values. Dynamically computed from the
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:attr:`arguments` attribute.
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.. attribute:: BoundArguments.kwargs
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A dict of keyword arguments values. Dynamically computed from the
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:attr:`arguments` attribute.
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The :attr:`args` and :attr:`kwargs` properties can be used to invoke
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functions::
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def test(a, *, b):
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...
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sig = signature(test)
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ba = sig.bind(10, b=20)
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test(*ba.args, **ba.kwargs)
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.. seealso::
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:pep:`362` - Function Signature Object.
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The detailed specification, implementation details and examples.
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Copyright
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---------
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*funcsigs* is a derived work of CPython under the terms of the `PSF License
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Agreement`_. The original CPython inspect module, its unit tests and
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documentation are the copyright of the Python Software Foundation. The derived
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work is distributed under the `Apache License Version 2.0`_.
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.. _PSF License Agreement: http://docs.python.org/3/license.html#terms-and-conditions-for-accessing-or-otherwise-using-python
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.. _Apache License Version 2.0: http://opensource.org/licenses/Apache-2.0
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.. _GitHub: https://github.com/testing-cabal/funcsigs
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.. _PSF License Agreement: http://docs.python.org/3/license.html#terms-and-conditions-for-accessing-or-otherwise-using-python
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.. _Travis CI: http://travis-ci.org/
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.. _Read The Docs: http://funcsigs.readthedocs.org/
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.. _PEP 362: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0362/
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.. _inspect: http://docs.python.org/3/library/inspect.html#introspecting-callables-with-the-signature-object
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.. _issues system: https://github.com/testing-cabal/funcsigs/issues
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.. |build_status| image:: https://secure.travis-ci.org/aliles/funcsigs.png?branch=master
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:target: http://travis-ci.org/#!/aliles/funcsigs
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:alt: Current build status
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.. |coverage| image:: https://coveralls.io/repos/aliles/funcsigs/badge.png?branch=master
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:target: https://coveralls.io/r/aliles/funcsigs?branch=master
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:alt: Coverage status
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.. |pypi_version| image:: https://pypip.in/v/funcsigs/badge.png
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:target: https://crate.io/packages/funcsigs/
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:alt: Latest PyPI version
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Platform: UNKNOWN
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Classifier: Development Status :: 4 - Beta
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Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
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Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License
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Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
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Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
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Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2
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Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.6
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Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
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Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
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Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.3
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Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4
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Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5
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Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
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Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
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Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
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