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gecko-dev/security/pkix/lib/pkixnames.cpp

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/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 2 -*- */
/* vim: set ts=8 sts=2 et sw=2 tw=80: */
/* This code is made available to you under your choice of the following sets
* of licensing terms:
*/
/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
* License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
* file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
*/
/* Copyright 2014 Mozilla Contributors
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
// This code implements RFC6125-ish name matching, RFC5280-ish name constraint
// checking, and related things.
//
// In this code, identifiers are classified as either "presented" or
// "reference" identifiers are defined in
// http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6125#section-1.8. A "presented identifier" is
// one in the subjectAltName of the certificate, or sometimes within a CN of
// the certificate's subject. The "reference identifier" is the one we are
// being asked to match the certificate against. When checking name
// constraints, the reference identifier is the entire encoded name constraint
// extension value.
#include "pkix/bind.h"
#include "pkixcheck.h"
#include "pkixutil.h"
namespace mozilla { namespace pkix {
namespace {
// GeneralName ::= CHOICE {
// otherName [0] OtherName,
// rfc822Name [1] IA5String,
// dNSName [2] IA5String,
// x400Address [3] ORAddress,
// directoryName [4] Name,
// ediPartyName [5] EDIPartyName,
// uniformResourceIdentifier [6] IA5String,
// iPAddress [7] OCTET STRING,
// registeredID [8] OBJECT IDENTIFIER }
enum class GeneralNameType : uint8_t
{
// Note that these values are NOT contiguous. Some values have the
// der::CONSTRUCTED bit set while others do not.
// (The der::CONSTRUCTED bit is for types where the value is a SEQUENCE.)
otherName = der::CONTEXT_SPECIFIC | der::CONSTRUCTED | 0,
rfc822Name = der::CONTEXT_SPECIFIC | 1,
dNSName = der::CONTEXT_SPECIFIC | 2,
x400Address = der::CONTEXT_SPECIFIC | der::CONSTRUCTED | 3,
directoryName = der::CONTEXT_SPECIFIC | der::CONSTRUCTED | 4,
ediPartyName = der::CONTEXT_SPECIFIC | der::CONSTRUCTED | 5,
uniformResourceIdentifier = der::CONTEXT_SPECIFIC | 6,
iPAddress = der::CONTEXT_SPECIFIC | 7,
registeredID = der::CONTEXT_SPECIFIC | 8,
// nameConstraints is a pseudo-GeneralName used to signify that a
// reference ID is actually the entire name constraint extension.
nameConstraints = 0xff
};
inline Result
ReadGeneralName(Reader& reader,
/*out*/ GeneralNameType& generalNameType,
/*out*/ Input& value)
{
uint8_t tag;
Result rv = der::ReadTagAndGetValue(reader, tag, value);
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
switch (tag) {
case static_cast<uint8_t>(GeneralNameType::otherName):
generalNameType = GeneralNameType::otherName;
break;
case static_cast<uint8_t>(GeneralNameType::rfc822Name):
generalNameType = GeneralNameType::rfc822Name;
break;
case static_cast<uint8_t>(GeneralNameType::dNSName):
generalNameType = GeneralNameType::dNSName;
break;
case static_cast<uint8_t>(GeneralNameType::x400Address):
generalNameType = GeneralNameType::x400Address;
break;
case static_cast<uint8_t>(GeneralNameType::directoryName):
generalNameType = GeneralNameType::directoryName;
break;
case static_cast<uint8_t>(GeneralNameType::ediPartyName):
generalNameType = GeneralNameType::ediPartyName;
break;
case static_cast<uint8_t>(GeneralNameType::uniformResourceIdentifier):
generalNameType = GeneralNameType::uniformResourceIdentifier;
break;
case static_cast<uint8_t>(GeneralNameType::iPAddress):
generalNameType = GeneralNameType::iPAddress;
break;
case static_cast<uint8_t>(GeneralNameType::registeredID):
generalNameType = GeneralNameType::registeredID;
break;
default:
return Result::ERROR_BAD_DER;
}
return Success;
}
enum class FallBackToSearchWithinSubject { No = 0, Yes = 1 };
enum class MatchResult
{
NoNamesOfGivenType = 0,
Mismatch = 1,
Match = 2
};
Result SearchNames(const Input* subjectAltName, Input subject,
GeneralNameType referenceIDType,
Input referenceID,
FallBackToSearchWithinSubject fallBackToCommonName,
/*out*/ MatchResult& match);
Result SearchWithinRDN(Reader& rdn,
GeneralNameType referenceIDType,
Input referenceID,
FallBackToSearchWithinSubject fallBackToEmailAddress,
FallBackToSearchWithinSubject fallBackToCommonName,
/*in/out*/ MatchResult& match);
Result SearchWithinAVA(Reader& rdn,
GeneralNameType referenceIDType,
Input referenceID,
FallBackToSearchWithinSubject fallBackToEmailAddress,
FallBackToSearchWithinSubject fallBackToCommonName,
/*in/out*/ MatchResult& match);
void MatchSubjectPresentedIDWithReferenceID(GeneralNameType presentedIDType,
Input presentedID,
GeneralNameType referenceIDType,
Input referenceID,
/*in/out*/ MatchResult& match);
Result MatchPresentedIDWithReferenceID(GeneralNameType presentedIDType,
Input presentedID,
GeneralNameType referenceIDType,
Input referenceID,
/*in/out*/ MatchResult& matchResult);
Result CheckPresentedIDConformsToConstraints(GeneralNameType referenceIDType,
Input presentedID,
Input nameConstraints);
uint8_t LocaleInsensitveToLower(uint8_t a);
bool StartsWithIDNALabel(Input id);
enum class IDRole
{
ReferenceID = 0,
PresentedID = 1,
NameConstraint = 2,
};
enum class AllowWildcards { No = 0, Yes = 1 };
// DNSName constraints implicitly allow subdomain matching when there is no
// leading dot ("foo.example.com" matches a constraint of "example.com"), but
// RFC822Name constraints only allow subdomain matching when there is a leading
// dot ("foo.example.com" does not match "example.com" but does match
// ".example.com").
enum class AllowDotlessSubdomainMatches { No = 0, Yes = 1 };
bool IsValidDNSID(Input hostname, IDRole idRole,
AllowWildcards allowWildcards);
Result MatchPresentedDNSIDWithReferenceDNSID(
Input presentedDNSID,
AllowWildcards allowWildcards,
AllowDotlessSubdomainMatches allowDotlessSubdomainMatches,
IDRole referenceDNSIDRole,
Input referenceDNSID,
/*out*/ bool& matches);
Result MatchPresentedRFC822NameWithReferenceRFC822Name(
Input presentedRFC822Name, IDRole referenceRFC822NameRole,
Input referenceRFC822Name, /*out*/ bool& matches);
} // unnamed namespace
bool IsValidReferenceDNSID(Input hostname);
bool IsValidPresentedDNSID(Input hostname);
bool ParseIPv4Address(Input hostname, /*out*/ uint8_t (&out)[4]);
bool ParseIPv6Address(Input hostname, /*out*/ uint8_t (&out)[16]);
// This is used by the pkixnames_tests.cpp tests.
Result
MatchPresentedDNSIDWithReferenceDNSID(Input presentedDNSID,
Input referenceDNSID,
/*out*/ bool& matches)
{
return MatchPresentedDNSIDWithReferenceDNSID(
presentedDNSID, AllowWildcards::Yes,
AllowDotlessSubdomainMatches::Yes, IDRole::ReferenceID,
referenceDNSID, matches);
}
// Verify that the given end-entity cert, which is assumed to have been already
// validated with BuildCertChain, is valid for the given hostname. hostname is
// assumed to be a string representation of an IPv4 address, an IPv6 addresss,
// or a normalized ASCII (possibly punycode) DNS name.
Result
CheckCertHostname(Input endEntityCertDER, Input hostname)
{
BackCert cert(endEntityCertDER, EndEntityOrCA::MustBeEndEntity, nullptr);
Result rv = cert.Init();
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
const Input* subjectAltName(cert.GetSubjectAltName());
Input subject(cert.GetSubject());
// For backward compatibility with legacy certificates, we fall back to
// searching for a name match in the subject common name for DNS names and
// IPv4 addresses. We don't do so for IPv6 addresses because we do not think
// there are many certificates that would need such fallback, and because
// comparisons of string representations of IPv6 addresses are particularly
// error prone due to the syntactic flexibility that IPv6 addresses have.
//
// IPv4 and IPv6 addresses are represented using the same type of GeneralName
// (iPAddress); they are differentiated by the lengths of the values.
MatchResult match;
uint8_t ipv6[16];
uint8_t ipv4[4];
if (IsValidReferenceDNSID(hostname)) {
rv = SearchNames(subjectAltName, subject, GeneralNameType::dNSName,
hostname, FallBackToSearchWithinSubject::Yes, match);
} else if (ParseIPv6Address(hostname, ipv6)) {
rv = SearchNames(subjectAltName, subject, GeneralNameType::iPAddress,
Input(ipv6), FallBackToSearchWithinSubject::No, match);
} else if (ParseIPv4Address(hostname, ipv4)) {
rv = SearchNames(subjectAltName, subject, GeneralNameType::iPAddress,
Input(ipv4), FallBackToSearchWithinSubject::Yes, match);
} else {
return Result::ERROR_BAD_CERT_DOMAIN;
}
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
switch (match) {
case MatchResult::NoNamesOfGivenType: // fall through
case MatchResult::Mismatch:
return Result::ERROR_BAD_CERT_DOMAIN;
case MatchResult::Match:
return Success;
default:
return NotReached("Invalid match result",
Result::FATAL_ERROR_LIBRARY_FAILURE);
}
}
// 4.2.1.10. Name Constraints
Result
CheckNameConstraints(Input encodedNameConstraints,
const BackCert& firstChild,
KeyPurposeId requiredEKUIfPresent)
{
for (const BackCert* child = &firstChild; child; child = child->childCert) {
FallBackToSearchWithinSubject fallBackToCommonName
= (child->endEntityOrCA == EndEntityOrCA::MustBeEndEntity &&
requiredEKUIfPresent == KeyPurposeId::id_kp_serverAuth)
? FallBackToSearchWithinSubject::Yes
: FallBackToSearchWithinSubject::No;
MatchResult match;
Result rv = SearchNames(child->GetSubjectAltName(), child->GetSubject(),
GeneralNameType::nameConstraints,
encodedNameConstraints, fallBackToCommonName,
match);
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
switch (match) {
case MatchResult::Match: // fall through
case MatchResult::NoNamesOfGivenType:
break;
case MatchResult::Mismatch:
return Result::ERROR_CERT_NOT_IN_NAME_SPACE;
}
}
return Success;
}
namespace {
// SearchNames is used by CheckCertHostname and CheckNameConstraints.
//
// When called during name constraint checking, referenceIDType is
// GeneralNameType::nameConstraints and referenceID is the entire encoded name
// constraints extension value.
//
// The main benefit of using the exact same code paths for both is that we
// ensure consistency between name validation and name constraint enforcement
// regarding thing like "Which CN attributes should be considered as potential
// CN-IDs" and "Which character sets are acceptable for CN-IDs?" If the name
// matching and the name constraint enforcement logic were out of sync on these
// issues (e.g. if name matching were to consider all subject CN attributes,
// but name constraints were only enforced on the most specific subject CN),
// trivial name constraint bypasses could result.
Result
SearchNames(/*optional*/ const Input* subjectAltName,
Input subject,
GeneralNameType referenceIDType,
Input referenceID,
FallBackToSearchWithinSubject fallBackToCommonName,
/*out*/ MatchResult& match)
{
Result rv;
match = MatchResult::NoNamesOfGivenType;
// RFC 6125 says "A client MUST NOT seek a match for a reference identifier
// of CN-ID if the presented identifiers include a DNS-ID, SRV-ID, URI-ID, or
// any application-specific identifier types supported by the client."
// Accordingly, we only consider CN-IDs if there are no DNS-IDs in the
// subjectAltName.
//
// RFC 6125 says that IP addresses are out of scope, but for backward
// compatibility we accept them, by considering IP addresses to be an
// "application-specific identifier type supported by the client."
//
// TODO(bug XXXXXXX): Consider strengthening this check to "A client MUST NOT
// seek a match for a reference identifier of CN-ID if the certificate
// contains a subjectAltName extension."
//
// TODO(bug XXXXXXX): Consider dropping support for IP addresses as
// identifiers completely.
if (subjectAltName) {
Reader altNames;
rv = der::ExpectTagAndGetValueAtEnd(*subjectAltName, der::SEQUENCE,
altNames);
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
// do { ... } while(...) because subjectAltName isn't allowed to be empty.
do {
GeneralNameType presentedIDType;
Input presentedID;
rv = ReadGeneralName(altNames, presentedIDType, presentedID);
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
rv = MatchPresentedIDWithReferenceID(presentedIDType, presentedID,
referenceIDType, referenceID,
match);
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
if (referenceIDType != GeneralNameType::nameConstraints &&
match == MatchResult::Match) {
return Success;
}
if (presentedIDType == GeneralNameType::dNSName ||
presentedIDType == GeneralNameType::iPAddress) {
fallBackToCommonName = FallBackToSearchWithinSubject::No;
}
} while (!altNames.AtEnd());
}
if (referenceIDType == GeneralNameType::nameConstraints) {
rv = CheckPresentedIDConformsToConstraints(GeneralNameType::directoryName,
subject, referenceID);
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
}
FallBackToSearchWithinSubject fallBackToEmailAddress;
if (!subjectAltName &&
(referenceIDType == GeneralNameType::rfc822Name ||
referenceIDType == GeneralNameType::nameConstraints)) {
fallBackToEmailAddress = FallBackToSearchWithinSubject::Yes;
} else {
fallBackToEmailAddress = FallBackToSearchWithinSubject::No;
}
// Short-circuit the parsing of the subject name if we're not going to match
// any names in it
if (fallBackToEmailAddress == FallBackToSearchWithinSubject::No &&
fallBackToCommonName == FallBackToSearchWithinSubject::No) {
return Success;
}
// Attempt to match the reference ID against the CN-ID, which we consider to
// be the most-specific CN AVA in the subject field.
//
// https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6125#section-2.3.1 says:
//
// To reduce confusion, in this specification we avoid such terms and
// instead use the terms provided under Section 1.8; in particular, we
// do not use the term "(most specific) Common Name field in the subject
// field" from [HTTP-TLS] and instead state that a CN-ID is a Relative
// Distinguished Name (RDN) in the certificate subject containing one
// and only one attribute-type-and-value pair of type Common Name (thus
// removing the possibility that an RDN might contain multiple AVAs
// (Attribute Value Assertions) of type CN, one of which could be
// considered "most specific").
//
// https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6125#section-7.4 says:
//
// [...] Although it would be preferable to
// forbid multiple CN-IDs entirely, there are several reasons at this
// time why this specification states that they SHOULD NOT (instead of
// MUST NOT) be included [...]
//
// Consequently, it is unclear what to do when there are multiple CNs in the
// subject, regardless of whether there "SHOULD NOT" be.
//
// NSS's CERT_VerifyCertName mostly follows RFC2818 in this instance, which
// says:
//
// If a subjectAltName extension of type dNSName is present, that MUST
// be used as the identity. Otherwise, the (most specific) Common Name
// field in the Subject field of the certificate MUST be used.
//
// [...]
//
// In some cases, the URI is specified as an IP address rather than a
// hostname. In this case, the iPAddress subjectAltName must be present
// in the certificate and must exactly match the IP in the URI.
//
// (The main difference from RFC2818 is that NSS's CERT_VerifyCertName also
// matches IP addresses in the most-specific CN.)
//
// NSS's CERT_VerifyCertName finds the most specific CN via
// CERT_GetCommoName, which uses CERT_GetLastNameElement. Note that many
// NSS-based applications, including Gecko, also use CERT_GetCommonName. It
// is likely that other, non-NSS-based, applications also expect only the
// most specific CN to be matched against the reference ID.
//
// "A Layman's Guide to a Subset of ASN.1, BER, and DER" and other sources
// agree that an RDNSequence is ordered from most significant (least
// specific) to least significant (most specific), as do other references.
//
// However, Chromium appears to use the least-specific (first) CN instead of
// the most-specific; see https://crbug.com/366957. Also, MSIE and some other
// popular implementations apparently attempt to match the reference ID
// against any/all CNs in the subject. Since we're trying to phase out the
// use of CN-IDs, we intentionally avoid trying to match MSIE's more liberal
// behavior.
// Name ::= CHOICE { -- only one possibility for now --
// rdnSequence RDNSequence }
//
// RDNSequence ::= SEQUENCE OF RelativeDistinguishedName
//
// RelativeDistinguishedName ::=
// SET SIZE (1..MAX) OF AttributeTypeAndValue
Reader subjectReader(subject);
return der::NestedOf(subjectReader, der::SEQUENCE, der::SET,
der::EmptyAllowed::Yes,
bind(SearchWithinRDN, _1, referenceIDType,
referenceID, fallBackToEmailAddress,
fallBackToCommonName, ref(match)));
}
// RelativeDistinguishedName ::=
// SET SIZE (1..MAX) OF AttributeTypeAndValue
//
// AttributeTypeAndValue ::= SEQUENCE {
// type AttributeType,
// value AttributeValue }
Result
SearchWithinRDN(Reader& rdn,
GeneralNameType referenceIDType,
Input referenceID,
FallBackToSearchWithinSubject fallBackToEmailAddress,
FallBackToSearchWithinSubject fallBackToCommonName,
/*in/out*/ MatchResult& match)
{
do {
Result rv = der::Nested(rdn, der::SEQUENCE,
bind(SearchWithinAVA, _1, referenceIDType,
referenceID, fallBackToEmailAddress,
fallBackToCommonName, ref(match)));
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
} while (!rdn.AtEnd());
return Success;
}
// AttributeTypeAndValue ::= SEQUENCE {
// type AttributeType,
// value AttributeValue }
//
// AttributeType ::= OBJECT IDENTIFIER
//
// AttributeValue ::= ANY -- DEFINED BY AttributeType
//
// DirectoryString ::= CHOICE {
// teletexString TeletexString (SIZE (1..MAX)),
// printableString PrintableString (SIZE (1..MAX)),
// universalString UniversalString (SIZE (1..MAX)),
// utf8String UTF8String (SIZE (1..MAX)),
// bmpString BMPString (SIZE (1..MAX)) }
Result
SearchWithinAVA(Reader& rdn,
GeneralNameType referenceIDType,
Input referenceID,
FallBackToSearchWithinSubject fallBackToEmailAddress,
FallBackToSearchWithinSubject fallBackToCommonName,
/*in/out*/ MatchResult& match)
{
// AttributeTypeAndValue ::= SEQUENCE {
// type AttributeType,
// value AttributeValue }
//
// AttributeType ::= OBJECT IDENTIFIER
//
// AttributeValue ::= ANY -- DEFINED BY AttributeType
Reader type;
Result rv = der::ExpectTagAndGetValue(rdn, der::OIDTag, type);
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
// Try to match the CN as a DNSName or an IPAddress.
//
// id-at-commonName AttributeType ::= { id-at 3 }
//
// -- Naming attributes of type X520CommonName:
// -- X520CommonName ::= DirectoryName (SIZE (1..ub-common-name))
// --
// -- Expanded to avoid parameterized type:
// X520CommonName ::= CHOICE {
// teletexString TeletexString (SIZE (1..ub-common-name)),
// printableString PrintableString (SIZE (1..ub-common-name)),
// universalString UniversalString (SIZE (1..ub-common-name)),
// utf8String UTF8String (SIZE (1..ub-common-name)),
// bmpString BMPString (SIZE (1..ub-common-name)) }
//
// python DottedOIDToCode.py id-at-commonName 2.5.4.3
static const uint8_t id_at_commonName[] = {
0x55, 0x04, 0x03
};
if (fallBackToCommonName == FallBackToSearchWithinSubject::Yes &&
type.MatchRest(id_at_commonName)) {
// We might have previously found a match. Now that we've found another CN,
// we no longer consider that previous match to be a match, so "forget" about
// it.
match = MatchResult::NoNamesOfGivenType;
uint8_t valueEncodingTag;
Input presentedID;
rv = der::ReadTagAndGetValue(rdn, valueEncodingTag, presentedID);
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
// PrintableString is a subset of ASCII that contains all the characters
// allowed in CN-IDs except '*'. Although '*' is illegal, there are many
// real-world certificates that are encoded this way, so we accept it.
//
// In the case of UTF8String, we rely on the fact that in UTF-8 the octets in
// a multi-byte encoding of a code point are always distinct from ASCII. Any
// non-ASCII byte in a UTF-8 string causes us to fail to match. We make no
// attempt to detect or report malformed UTF-8 (e.g. incomplete or overlong
// encodings of code points, or encodings of invalid code points).
//
// TeletexString is supported as long as it does not contain any escape
// sequences, which are not supported. We'll reject escape sequences as
// invalid characters in names, which means we only accept strings that are
// in the default character set, which is a superset of ASCII. Note that NSS
// actually treats TeletexString as ISO-8859-1. Many certificates that have
// wildcard CN-IDs (e.g. "*.example.com") use TeletexString because
// PrintableString is defined to not allow '*' and because, at one point in
// history, UTF8String was too new to use for compatibility reasons.
//
// UniversalString and BMPString are also deprecated, and they are a little
// harder to support because they are not single-byte ASCII superset
// encodings, so we don't bother.
if (valueEncodingTag != der::PrintableString &&
valueEncodingTag != der::UTF8String &&
valueEncodingTag != der::TeletexString) {
return Success;
}
if (IsValidPresentedDNSID(presentedID)) {
MatchSubjectPresentedIDWithReferenceID(GeneralNameType::dNSName,
presentedID, referenceIDType,
referenceID, match);
} else {
// We don't match CN-IDs for IPv6 addresses.
// MatchSubjectPresentedIDWithReferenceID ensures that it won't match an
// IPv4 address with an IPv6 address, so we don't need to check that
// referenceID is an IPv4 address here.
uint8_t ipv4[4];
if (ParseIPv4Address(presentedID, ipv4)) {
MatchSubjectPresentedIDWithReferenceID(GeneralNameType::iPAddress,
Input(ipv4), referenceIDType,
referenceID, match);
}
}
// Regardless of whether there was a match, we keep going in case we find
// another CN later. If we do find another one, then this match/mismatch
// will be ignored, because we only care about the most specific CN.
return Success;
}
// Match an email address against an emailAddress attribute in the
// subject.
//
// id-emailAddress AttributeType ::= { pkcs-9 1 }
//
// EmailAddress ::= IA5String (SIZE (1..ub-emailaddress-length))
//
// python DottedOIDToCode.py id-emailAddress 1.2.840.113549.1.9.1
static const uint8_t id_emailAddress[] = {
0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x09, 0x01
};
if (fallBackToEmailAddress == FallBackToSearchWithinSubject::Yes &&
type.MatchRest(id_emailAddress)) {
if (referenceIDType == GeneralNameType::rfc822Name &&
match == MatchResult::Match) {
// We already found a match; we don't need to match another one
return Success;
}
Input presentedID;
rv = der::ExpectTagAndGetValue(rdn, der::IA5String, presentedID);
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
return MatchPresentedIDWithReferenceID(GeneralNameType::rfc822Name,
presentedID, referenceIDType,
referenceID, match);
}
rdn.SkipToEnd();
return Success;
}
void
MatchSubjectPresentedIDWithReferenceID(GeneralNameType presentedIDType,
Input presentedID,
GeneralNameType referenceIDType,
Input referenceID,
/*in/out*/ MatchResult& match)
{
Result rv = MatchPresentedIDWithReferenceID(presentedIDType, presentedID,
referenceIDType, referenceID,
match);
if (rv != Success) {
match = MatchResult::Mismatch;
}
}
Result
MatchPresentedIDWithReferenceID(GeneralNameType presentedIDType,
Input presentedID,
GeneralNameType referenceIDType,
Input referenceID,
/*out*/ MatchResult& matchResult)
{
if (referenceIDType == GeneralNameType::nameConstraints) {
// matchResult is irrelevant when checking name constraints; only the
// pass/fail result of CheckPresentedIDConformsToConstraints matters.
return CheckPresentedIDConformsToConstraints(presentedIDType, presentedID,
referenceID);
}
if (presentedIDType != referenceIDType) {
matchResult = MatchResult::Mismatch;
return Success;
}
Result rv;
bool foundMatch;
switch (referenceIDType) {
case GeneralNameType::dNSName:
rv = MatchPresentedDNSIDWithReferenceDNSID(
presentedID, AllowWildcards::Yes,
AllowDotlessSubdomainMatches::Yes, IDRole::ReferenceID,
referenceID, foundMatch);
break;
case GeneralNameType::iPAddress:
foundMatch = InputsAreEqual(presentedID, referenceID);
rv = Success;
break;
case GeneralNameType::rfc822Name:
rv = MatchPresentedRFC822NameWithReferenceRFC822Name(
presentedID, IDRole::ReferenceID, referenceID, foundMatch);
break;
case GeneralNameType::directoryName:
// TODO: At some point, we may add APIs for matching DirectoryNames.
// fall through
case GeneralNameType::otherName: // fall through
case GeneralNameType::x400Address: // fall through
case GeneralNameType::ediPartyName: // fall through
case GeneralNameType::uniformResourceIdentifier: // fall through
case GeneralNameType::registeredID: // fall through
case GeneralNameType::nameConstraints:
return NotReached("unexpected nameType for SearchType::Match",
Result::FATAL_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);
default:
return NotReached("Invalid nameType for MatchPresentedIDWithReferenceID",
Result::FATAL_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);
}
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
matchResult = foundMatch ? MatchResult::Match : MatchResult::Mismatch;
return Success;
}
enum class NameConstraintsSubtrees : uint8_t
{
permittedSubtrees = der::CONSTRUCTED | der::CONTEXT_SPECIFIC | 0,
excludedSubtrees = der::CONSTRUCTED | der::CONTEXT_SPECIFIC | 1
};
Result CheckPresentedIDConformsToNameConstraintsSubtrees(
GeneralNameType presentedIDType,
Input presentedID,
Reader& nameConstraints,
NameConstraintsSubtrees subtreesType);
Result MatchPresentedIPAddressWithConstraint(Input presentedID,
Input iPAddressConstraint,
/*out*/ bool& foundMatch);
Result MatchPresentedDirectoryNameWithConstraint(
NameConstraintsSubtrees subtreesType, Input presentedID,
Input directoryNameConstraint, /*out*/ bool& matches);
Result
CheckPresentedIDConformsToConstraints(
GeneralNameType presentedIDType,
Input presentedID,
Input encodedNameConstraints)
{
// NameConstraints ::= SEQUENCE {
// permittedSubtrees [0] GeneralSubtrees OPTIONAL,
// excludedSubtrees [1] GeneralSubtrees OPTIONAL }
Reader nameConstraints;
Result rv = der::ExpectTagAndGetValueAtEnd(encodedNameConstraints,
der::SEQUENCE, nameConstraints);
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
// RFC 5280 says "Conforming CAs MUST NOT issue certificates where name
// constraints is an empty sequence. That is, either the permittedSubtrees
// field or the excludedSubtrees MUST be present."
if (nameConstraints.AtEnd()) {
return Result::ERROR_BAD_DER;
}
rv = CheckPresentedIDConformsToNameConstraintsSubtrees(
presentedIDType, presentedID, nameConstraints,
NameConstraintsSubtrees::permittedSubtrees);
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
rv = CheckPresentedIDConformsToNameConstraintsSubtrees(
presentedIDType, presentedID, nameConstraints,
NameConstraintsSubtrees::excludedSubtrees);
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
return der::End(nameConstraints);
}
Result
CheckPresentedIDConformsToNameConstraintsSubtrees(
GeneralNameType presentedIDType,
Input presentedID,
Reader& nameConstraints,
NameConstraintsSubtrees subtreesType)
{
if (!nameConstraints.Peek(static_cast<uint8_t>(subtreesType))) {
return Success;
}
Reader subtrees;
Result rv = der::ExpectTagAndGetValue(nameConstraints,
static_cast<uint8_t>(subtreesType),
subtrees);
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
bool hasPermittedSubtreesMatch = false;
bool hasPermittedSubtreesMismatch = false;
// GeneralSubtrees ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF GeneralSubtree
//
// do { ... } while(...) because subtrees isn't allowed to be empty.
do {
// GeneralSubtree ::= SEQUENCE {
// base GeneralName,
// minimum [0] BaseDistance DEFAULT 0,
// maximum [1] BaseDistance OPTIONAL }
Reader subtree;
rv = ExpectTagAndGetValue(subtrees, der::SEQUENCE, subtree);
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
GeneralNameType nameConstraintType;
Input base;
rv = ReadGeneralName(subtree, nameConstraintType, base);
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
// http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.2.1.10: "Within this
// profile, the minimum and maximum fields are not used with any name
// forms, thus, the minimum MUST be zero, and maximum MUST be absent."
//
// Since the default value isn't allowed to be encoded according to the DER
// encoding rules for DEFAULT, this is equivalent to saying that neither
// minimum or maximum must be encoded.
rv = der::End(subtree);
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
if (presentedIDType == nameConstraintType) {
bool matches;
switch (presentedIDType) {
case GeneralNameType::dNSName:
rv = MatchPresentedDNSIDWithReferenceDNSID(
presentedID, AllowWildcards::Yes,
AllowDotlessSubdomainMatches::Yes, IDRole::NameConstraint,
base, matches);
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
break;
case GeneralNameType::iPAddress:
rv = MatchPresentedIPAddressWithConstraint(presentedID, base,
matches);
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
break;
case GeneralNameType::directoryName:
rv = MatchPresentedDirectoryNameWithConstraint(subtreesType,
presentedID, base,
matches);
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
break;
case GeneralNameType::rfc822Name:
rv = MatchPresentedRFC822NameWithReferenceRFC822Name(
presentedID, IDRole::NameConstraint, base, matches);
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
break;
// RFC 5280 says "Conforming CAs [...] SHOULD NOT impose name
// constraints on the x400Address, ediPartyName, or registeredID
// name forms. It also says "Applications conforming to this profile
// [...] SHOULD be able to process name constraints that are imposed
// on [...] uniformResourceIdentifier [...]", but we don't bother.
//
// TODO: Ask to have spec updated to say ""Conforming CAs [...] SHOULD
// NOT impose name constraints on the otherName, x400Address,
// ediPartyName, uniformResourceIdentifier, or registeredID name
// forms."
case GeneralNameType::otherName: // fall through
case GeneralNameType::x400Address: // fall through
case GeneralNameType::ediPartyName: // fall through
case GeneralNameType::uniformResourceIdentifier: // fall through
case GeneralNameType::registeredID: // fall through
return Result::ERROR_CERT_NOT_IN_NAME_SPACE;
case GeneralNameType::nameConstraints: // fall through
default:
return NotReached("invalid presentedIDType",
Result::FATAL_ERROR_LIBRARY_FAILURE);
}
switch (subtreesType) {
case NameConstraintsSubtrees::permittedSubtrees:
if (matches) {
hasPermittedSubtreesMatch = true;
} else {
hasPermittedSubtreesMismatch = true;
}
break;
case NameConstraintsSubtrees::excludedSubtrees:
if (matches) {
return Result::ERROR_CERT_NOT_IN_NAME_SPACE;
}
break;
default:
return NotReached("unexpected subtreesType",
Result::FATAL_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);
}
}
} while (!subtrees.AtEnd());
if (hasPermittedSubtreesMismatch && !hasPermittedSubtreesMatch) {
// If there was any entry of the given type in permittedSubtrees, then it
// required that at least one of them must match. Since none of them did,
// we have a failure.
return Result::ERROR_CERT_NOT_IN_NAME_SPACE;
}
return Success;
}
// We do not distinguish between a syntactically-invalid presentedDNSID and one
// that is syntactically valid but does not match referenceDNSID; in both
// cases, the result is false.
//
// We assume that both presentedDNSID and referenceDNSID are encoded in such a
// way that US-ASCII (7-bit) characters are encoded in one byte and no encoding
// of a non-US-ASCII character contains a code point in the range 0-127. For
// example, UTF-8 is OK but UTF-16 is not.
//
// RFC6125 says that a wildcard label may be of the form <x>*<y>.<DNSID>, where
// <x> and/or <y> may be empty. However, NSS requires <y> to be empty, and we
// follow NSS's stricter policy by accepting wildcards only of the form
// <x>*.<DNSID>, where <x> may be empty.
//
// An relative presented DNS ID matches both an absolute reference ID and a
// relative reference ID. Absolute presented DNS IDs are not supported:
//
// Presented ID Reference ID Result
// -------------------------------------
// example.com example.com Match
// example.com. example.com Mismatch
// example.com example.com. Match
// example.com. example.com. Mismatch
//
// There are more subtleties documented inline in the code.
//
// Name constraints ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// This is all RFC 5280 has to say about DNSName constraints:
//
// DNS name restrictions are expressed as host.example.com. Any DNS
// name that can be constructed by simply adding zero or more labels to
// the left-hand side of the name satisfies the name constraint. For
// example, www.host.example.com would satisfy the constraint but
// host1.example.com would not.
//
// This lack of specificity has lead to a lot of uncertainty regarding
// subdomain matching. In particular, the following questions have been
// raised and answered:
//
// Q: Does a presented identifier equal (case insensitive) to the name
// constraint match the constraint? For example, does the presented
// ID "host.example.com" match a "host.example.com" constraint?
// A: Yes. RFC5280 says "by simply adding zero or more labels" and this
// is the case of adding zero labels.
//
// Q: When the name constraint does not start with ".", do subdomain
// presented identifiers match it? For example, does the presented
// ID "www.host.example.com" match a "host.example.com" constraint?
// A: Yes. RFC5280 says "by simply adding zero or more labels" and this
// is the case of adding more than zero labels. The example is the
// one from RFC 5280.
//
// Q: When the name constraint does not start with ".", does a
// non-subdomain prefix match it? For example, does "bigfoo.bar.com"
// match "foo.bar.com"? [4]
// A: No. We interpret RFC 5280's language of "adding zero or more labels"
// to mean that whole labels must be prefixed.
//
// (Note that the above three scenarios are the same as the RFC 6265
// domain matching rules [0].)
//
// Q: Is a name constraint that starts with "." valid, and if so, what
// semantics does it have? For example, does a presented ID of
// "www.example.com" match a constraint of ".example.com"? Does a
// presented ID of "example.com" match a constraint of ".example.com"?
// A: This implementation, NSS[1], and SChannel[2] all support a
// leading ".", but OpenSSL[3] does not yet. Amongst the
// implementations that support it, a leading "." is legal and means
// the same thing as when the "." is omitted, EXCEPT that a
// presented identifier equal (case insensitive) to the name
// constraint is not matched; i.e. presented DNSName identifiers
// must be subdomains. Some CAs in Mozilla's CA program (e.g. HARICA)
// have name constraints with the leading "." in their root
// certificates. The name constraints imposed on DCISS by Mozilla also
// have the it, so supporting this is a requirement for backward
// compatibility, even if it is not yet standardized. So, for example, a
// presented ID of "www.example.com" matches a constraint of
// ".example.com" but a presented ID of "example.com" does not.
//
// Q: Is there a way to prevent subdomain matches?
// A: Yes.
//
// Some people have proposed that dNSName constraints that do not
// start with a "." should be restricted to exact (case insensitive)
// matches. However, such a change of semantics from what RFC5280
// specifies would be a non-backward-compatible change in the case of
// permittedSubtrees constraints, and it would be a security issue for
// excludedSubtrees constraints.
//
// However, it can be done with a combination of permittedSubtrees and
// excludedSubtrees, e.g. "example.com" in permittedSubtrees and
// ".example.com" in excudedSubtrees.
//
// Q: Are name constraints allowed to be specified as absolute names?
// For example, does a presented ID of "example.com" match a name
// constraint of "example.com." and vice versa.
// A: Absolute names are not supported as presented IDs or name
// constraints. Only reference IDs may be absolute.
//
// Q: Is "" a valid DNSName constraints? If so, what does it mean?
// A: Yes. Any valid presented DNSName can be formed "by simply adding zero
// or more labels to the left-hand side" of "". In particular, an
// excludedSubtrees DNSName constraint of "" forbids all DNSNames.
//
// Q: Is "." a valid DNSName constraints? If so, what does it mean?
// A: No, because absolute names are not allowed (see above).
//
// [0] RFC 6265 (Cookies) Domain Matching rules:
// http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6265#section-5.1.3
// [1] NSS source code:
// https://mxr.mozilla.org/nss/source/lib/certdb/genname.c?rev=2a7348f013cb#1209
// [2] Description of SChannel's behavior from Microsoft:
// http://www.imc.org/ietf-pkix/mail-archive/msg04668.html
// [3] Proposal to add such support to OpenSSL:
// http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev%40openssl.org/msg36204.html
// https://rt.openssl.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=3562
// [4] Feedback on the lack of clarify in the definition that never got
// incorporated into the spec:
// https://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/pkix/current/msg21192.html
Result
MatchPresentedDNSIDWithReferenceDNSID(
Input presentedDNSID,
AllowWildcards allowWildcards,
AllowDotlessSubdomainMatches allowDotlessSubdomainMatches,
IDRole referenceDNSIDRole,
Input referenceDNSID,
/*out*/ bool& matches)
{
if (!IsValidDNSID(presentedDNSID, IDRole::PresentedID, allowWildcards)) {
return Result::ERROR_BAD_DER;
}
if (!IsValidDNSID(referenceDNSID, referenceDNSIDRole, AllowWildcards::No)) {
return Result::ERROR_BAD_DER;
}
Reader presented(presentedDNSID);
Reader reference(referenceDNSID);
switch (referenceDNSIDRole)
{
case IDRole::ReferenceID:
break;
case IDRole::NameConstraint:
{
if (presentedDNSID.GetLength() > referenceDNSID.GetLength()) {
if (referenceDNSID.GetLength() == 0) {
// An empty constraint matches everything.
matches = true;
return Success;
}
// If the reference ID starts with a dot then skip the prefix of
// of the presented ID and start the comparison at the position of that
// dot. Examples:
//
// Matches Doesn't Match
// -----------------------------------------------------------
// original presented ID: www.example.com badexample.com
// skipped: www ba
// presented ID w/o prefix: .example.com dexample.com
// reference ID: .example.com .example.com
//
// If the reference ID does not start with a dot then we skip the
// prefix of the presented ID but also verify that the prefix ends with
// a dot. Examples:
//
// Matches Doesn't Match
// -----------------------------------------------------------
// original presented ID: www.example.com badexample.com
// skipped: www ba
// must be '.': . d
// presented ID w/o prefix: example.com example.com
// reference ID: example.com example.com
//
if (reference.Peek('.')) {
if (presented.Skip(static_cast<Input::size_type>(
presentedDNSID.GetLength() -
referenceDNSID.GetLength())) != Success) {
return NotReached("skipping subdomain failed",
Result::FATAL_ERROR_LIBRARY_FAILURE);
}
} else if (allowDotlessSubdomainMatches ==
AllowDotlessSubdomainMatches::Yes) {
if (presented.Skip(static_cast<Input::size_type>(
presentedDNSID.GetLength() -
referenceDNSID.GetLength() - 1)) != Success) {
return NotReached("skipping subdomains failed",
Result::FATAL_ERROR_LIBRARY_FAILURE);
}
uint8_t b;
if (presented.Read(b) != Success) {
return NotReached("reading from presentedDNSID failed",
Result::FATAL_ERROR_LIBRARY_FAILURE);
}
if (b != '.') {
matches = false;
return Success;
}
}
}
break;
}
case IDRole::PresentedID: // fall through
default:
return NotReached("invalid or unknown referenceDNSIDRole",
Result::FATAL_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);
}
// We only allow wildcard labels that consist only of '*'.
if (presented.Peek('*')) {
if (presented.Skip(1) != Success) {
return NotReached("Skipping '*' failed",
Result::FATAL_ERROR_LIBRARY_FAILURE);
}
do {
uint8_t referenceByte;
if (reference.Read(referenceByte) != Success) {
return NotReached("invalid reference ID",
Result::FATAL_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);
}
} while (!reference.Peek('.'));
}
for (;;) {
uint8_t presentedByte;
if (presented.Read(presentedByte) != Success) {
matches = false;
return Success;
}
uint8_t referenceByte;
if (reference.Read(referenceByte) != Success) {
matches = false;
return Success;
}
if (LocaleInsensitveToLower(presentedByte) !=
LocaleInsensitveToLower(referenceByte)) {
matches = false;
return Success;
}
if (presented.AtEnd()) {
// Don't allow presented IDs to be absolute.
if (presentedByte == '.') {
return Result::ERROR_BAD_DER;
}
break;
}
}
// Allow a relative presented DNS ID to match an absolute reference DNS ID,
// unless we're matching a name constraint.
if (!reference.AtEnd()) {
if (referenceDNSIDRole != IDRole::NameConstraint) {
uint8_t referenceByte;
if (reference.Read(referenceByte) != Success) {
return NotReached("read failed but not at end",
Result::FATAL_ERROR_LIBRARY_FAILURE);
}
if (referenceByte != '.') {
matches = false;
return Success;
}
}
if (!reference.AtEnd()) {
matches = false;
return Success;
}
}
matches = true;
return Success;
}
// https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.2.1.10 says:
//
// For IPv4 addresses, the iPAddress field of GeneralName MUST contain
// eight (8) octets, encoded in the style of RFC 4632 (CIDR) to represent
// an address range [RFC4632]. For IPv6 addresses, the iPAddress field
// MUST contain 32 octets similarly encoded. For example, a name
// constraint for "class C" subnet 192.0.2.0 is represented as the
// octets C0 00 02 00 FF FF FF 00, representing the CIDR notation
// 192.0.2.0/24 (mask 255.255.255.0).
Result
MatchPresentedIPAddressWithConstraint(Input presentedID,
Input iPAddressConstraint,
/*out*/ bool& foundMatch)
{
if (presentedID.GetLength() != 4 && presentedID.GetLength() != 16) {
return Result::ERROR_BAD_DER;
}
if (iPAddressConstraint.GetLength() != 8 &&
iPAddressConstraint.GetLength() != 32) {
return Result::ERROR_BAD_DER;
}
// an IPv4 address never matches an IPv6 constraint, and vice versa.
if (presentedID.GetLength() * 2 != iPAddressConstraint.GetLength()) {
foundMatch = false;
return Success;
}
Reader constraint(iPAddressConstraint);
Reader constraintAddress;
Result rv = constraint.Skip(iPAddressConstraint.GetLength() / 2u,
constraintAddress);
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
Reader constraintMask;
rv = constraint.Skip(iPAddressConstraint.GetLength() / 2u, constraintMask);
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
rv = der::End(constraint);
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
Reader presented(presentedID);
do {
uint8_t presentedByte;
rv = presented.Read(presentedByte);
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
uint8_t constraintAddressByte;
rv = constraintAddress.Read(constraintAddressByte);
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
uint8_t constraintMaskByte;
rv = constraintMask.Read(constraintMaskByte);
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
foundMatch =
((presentedByte ^ constraintAddressByte) & constraintMaskByte) == 0;
} while (foundMatch && !presented.AtEnd());
return Success;
}
// Names are sequences of RDNs. RDNS are sets of AVAs. That means that RDNs are
// unordered, so in theory we should match RDNs with equivalent AVAs that are
// in different orders. Within the AVAs are DirectoryNames that are supposed to
// be compared according to LDAP stringprep normalization rules (e.g.
// normalizing whitespace), consideration of different character encodings,
// etc. Indeed, RFC 5280 says we MUST deal with all of that.
//
// In practice, many implementations, including NSS, only match Names in a way
// that only meets a subset of the requirements of RFC 5280. Those
// normalization and character encoding conversion steps appear to be
// unnecessary for processing real-world certificates, based on experience from
// having used NSS in Firefox for many years.
//
// RFC 5280 also says "CAs issuing certificates with a restriction of the form
// directoryName SHOULD NOT rely on implementation of the full
// ISO DN name comparison algorithm. This implies name restrictions MUST
// be stated identically to the encoding used in the subject field or
// subjectAltName extension." It goes on to say, in the security
// considerations:
//
// In addition, name constraints for distinguished names MUST be stated
// identically to the encoding used in the subject field or
// subjectAltName extension. If not, then name constraints stated as
// excludedSubtrees will not match and invalid paths will be accepted
// and name constraints expressed as permittedSubtrees will not match
// and valid paths will be rejected. To avoid acceptance of invalid
// paths, CAs SHOULD state name constraints for distinguished names as
// permittedSubtrees wherever possible.
//
// Consequently, we implement the comparison in the simplest possible way. For
// permittedSubtrees, we rely on implementations to follow that MUST-level
// requirement for compatibility. For excludedSubtrees, we simply prohibit any
// non-empty directoryName constraint to ensure we are not being too lenient.
// We support empty DirectoryName constraints in excludedSubtrees so that a CA
// can say "Do not allow any DirectoryNames in issued certificates."
Result
MatchPresentedDirectoryNameWithConstraint(NameConstraintsSubtrees subtreesType,
Input presentedID,
Input directoryNameConstraint,
/*out*/ bool& matches)
{
Reader constraintRDNs;
Result rv = der::ExpectTagAndGetValueAtEnd(directoryNameConstraint,
der::SEQUENCE, constraintRDNs);
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
Reader presentedRDNs;
rv = der::ExpectTagAndGetValueAtEnd(presentedID, der::SEQUENCE,
presentedRDNs);
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
switch (subtreesType) {
case NameConstraintsSubtrees::permittedSubtrees:
break; // dealt with below
case NameConstraintsSubtrees::excludedSubtrees:
if (!constraintRDNs.AtEnd() || !presentedRDNs.AtEnd()) {
return Result::ERROR_CERT_NOT_IN_NAME_SPACE;
}
matches = true;
return Success;
default:
return NotReached("invalid subtrees", Result::FATAL_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);
}
for (;;) {
// The AVAs have to be fully equal, but the constraint RDNs just need to be
// a prefix of the presented RDNs.
if (constraintRDNs.AtEnd()) {
matches = true;
return Success;
}
if (presentedRDNs.AtEnd()) {
matches = false;
return Success;
}
Input constraintRDN;
rv = der::ExpectTagAndGetValue(constraintRDNs, der::SET, constraintRDN);
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
Input presentedRDN;
rv = der::ExpectTagAndGetValue(presentedRDNs, der::SET, presentedRDN);
if (rv != Success) {
return rv;
}
if (!InputsAreEqual(constraintRDN, presentedRDN)) {
matches = false;
return Success;
}
}
}
// RFC 5280 says:
//
// The format of an rfc822Name is a "Mailbox" as defined in Section 4.1.2
// of [RFC2821]. A Mailbox has the form "Local-part@Domain". Note that a
// Mailbox has no phrase (such as a common name) before it, has no comment
// (text surrounded in parentheses) after it, and is not surrounded by "<"
// and ">". Rules for encoding Internet mail addresses that include
// internationalized domain names are specified in Section 7.5.
//
// and:
//
// A name constraint for Internet mail addresses MAY specify a
// particular mailbox, all addresses at a particular host, or all
// mailboxes in a domain. To indicate a particular mailbox, the
// constraint is the complete mail address. For example,
// "root@example.com" indicates the root mailbox on the host
// "example.com". To indicate all Internet mail addresses on a
// particular host, the constraint is specified as the host name. For
// example, the constraint "example.com" is satisfied by any mail
// address at the host "example.com". To specify any address within a
// domain, the constraint is specified with a leading period (as with
// URIs). For example, ".example.com" indicates all the Internet mail
// addresses in the domain "example.com", but not Internet mail
// addresses on the host "example.com".
bool
IsValidRFC822Name(Input input)
{
Reader reader(input);
// Local-part@.
bool startOfAtom = true;
for (;;) {
uint8_t presentedByte;
if (reader.Read(presentedByte) != Success) {
return false;
}
switch (presentedByte) {
// atext is defined in https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822#section-3.2.4
case 'A': case 'a': case 'N': case 'n': case '0': case '!': case '#':
case 'B': case 'b': case 'O': case 'o': case '1': case '$': case '%':
case 'C': case 'c': case 'P': case 'p': case '2': case '&': case '\'':
case 'D': case 'd': case 'Q': case 'q': case '3': case '*': case '+':
case 'E': case 'e': case 'R': case 'r': case '4': case '-': case '/':
case 'F': case 'f': case 'S': case 's': case '5': case '=': case '?':
case 'G': case 'g': case 'T': case 't': case '6': case '^': case '_':
case 'H': case 'h': case 'U': case 'u': case '7': case '`': case '{':
case 'I': case 'i': case 'V': case 'v': case '8': case '|': case '}':
case 'J': case 'j': case 'W': case 'w': case '9': case '~':
case 'K': case 'k': case 'X': case 'x':
case 'L': case 'l': case 'Y': case 'y':
case 'M': case 'm': case 'Z': case 'z':
startOfAtom = false;
break;
case '.':
if (startOfAtom) {
return false;
}
startOfAtom = true;
break;
case '@':
{
if (startOfAtom) {
return false;
}
Input domain;
reader.SkipToEnd(domain);
return IsValidDNSID(domain, IDRole::PresentedID, AllowWildcards::No);
}
default:
return false;
}
}
}
Result
MatchPresentedRFC822NameWithReferenceRFC822Name(Input presentedRFC822Name,
IDRole referenceRFC822NameRole,
Input referenceRFC822Name,
/*out*/ bool& matches)
{
if (!IsValidRFC822Name(presentedRFC822Name)) {
return Result::ERROR_BAD_DER;
}
Reader presented(presentedRFC822Name);
switch (referenceRFC822NameRole)
{
case IDRole::PresentedID:
return Result::FATAL_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS;
case IDRole::ReferenceID:
break;
case IDRole::NameConstraint:
{
if (InputContains(referenceRFC822Name, '@')) {
// The constraint is of the form "Local-part@Domain".
break;
}
// The constraint is of the form "example.com" or ".example.com".
// Skip past the '@' in the presented ID.
for (;;) {
uint8_t presentedByte;
if (presented.Read(presentedByte) != Success) {
return Result::FATAL_ERROR_LIBRARY_FAILURE;
}
if (presentedByte == '@') {
break;
}
}
Input presentedDNSID;
presented.SkipToEnd(presentedDNSID);
return MatchPresentedDNSIDWithReferenceDNSID(
presentedDNSID, AllowWildcards::No,
AllowDotlessSubdomainMatches::No, IDRole::NameConstraint,
referenceRFC822Name, matches);
}
default:
return NotReached("invalid referenceRFC822NameRole",
Result::FATAL_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);
}
if (!IsValidRFC822Name(referenceRFC822Name)) {
return Result::ERROR_BAD_DER;
}
Reader reference(referenceRFC822Name);
for (;;) {
uint8_t presentedByte;
if (presented.Read(presentedByte) != Success) {
matches = reference.AtEnd();
return Success;
}
uint8_t referenceByte;
if (reference.Read(referenceByte) != Success) {
matches = false;
return Success;
}
if (LocaleInsensitveToLower(presentedByte) !=
LocaleInsensitveToLower(referenceByte)) {
matches = false;
return Success;
}
}
}
// We avoid isdigit because it is locale-sensitive. See
// http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/tolower.html.
inline uint8_t
LocaleInsensitveToLower(uint8_t a)
{
if (a >= 'A' && a <= 'Z') { // unlikely
return static_cast<uint8_t>(
static_cast<uint8_t>(a - static_cast<uint8_t>('A')) +
static_cast<uint8_t>('a'));
}
return a;
}
bool
StartsWithIDNALabel(Input id)
{
static const uint8_t IDN_ALABEL_PREFIX[4] = { 'x', 'n', '-', '-' };
Reader input(id);
for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(IDN_ALABEL_PREFIX); ++i) {
uint8_t b;
if (input.Read(b) != Success) {
return false;
}
if (b != IDN_ALABEL_PREFIX[i]) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
bool
ReadIPv4AddressComponent(Reader& input, bool lastComponent,
/*out*/ uint8_t& valueOut)
{
size_t length = 0;
unsigned int value = 0; // Must be larger than uint8_t.
for (;;) {
if (input.AtEnd() && lastComponent) {
break;
}
uint8_t b;
if (input.Read(b) != Success) {
return false;
}
if (b >= '0' && b <= '9') {
if (value == 0 && length > 0) {
return false; // Leading zeros are not allowed.
}
value = (value * 10) + (b - '0');
if (value > 255) {
return false; // Component's value is too large.
}
++length;
} else if (!lastComponent && b == '.') {
break;
} else {
return false; // Invalid character.
}
}
if (length == 0) {
return false; // empty components not allowed
}
valueOut = static_cast<uint8_t>(value);
return true;
}
} // unnamed namespace
// On Windows and maybe other platforms, OS-provided IP address parsing
// functions might fail if the protocol (IPv4 or IPv6) has been disabled, so we
// can't rely on them.
bool
ParseIPv4Address(Input hostname, /*out*/ uint8_t (&out)[4])
{
Reader input(hostname);
return ReadIPv4AddressComponent(input, false, out[0]) &&
ReadIPv4AddressComponent(input, false, out[1]) &&
ReadIPv4AddressComponent(input, false, out[2]) &&
ReadIPv4AddressComponent(input, true, out[3]);
}
namespace {
bool
FinishIPv6Address(/*in/out*/ uint8_t (&address)[16], int numComponents,
int contractionIndex)
{
assert(numComponents >= 0);
assert(numComponents <= 8);
assert(contractionIndex >= -1);
assert(contractionIndex <= 8);
assert(contractionIndex <= numComponents);
if (!(numComponents >= 0 &&
numComponents <= 8 &&
contractionIndex >= -1 &&
contractionIndex <= 8 &&
contractionIndex <= numComponents)) {
return false;
}
if (contractionIndex == -1) {
// no contraction
return numComponents == 8;
}
if (numComponents >= 8) {
return false; // no room left to expand the contraction.
}
// Shift components that occur after the contraction over.
int componentsToMove = numComponents - contractionIndex;
memmove(address + (2u * (8 - componentsToMove)),
address + (2u * contractionIndex),
componentsToMove * 2u);
// Fill in the contracted area with zeros.
memset(address + (2u * contractionIndex), 0u,
(8u - numComponents) * 2u);
return true;
}
} // unnamed namespace
// On Windows and maybe other platforms, OS-provided IP address parsing
// functions might fail if the protocol (IPv4 or IPv6) has been disabled, so we
// can't rely on them.
bool
ParseIPv6Address(Input hostname, /*out*/ uint8_t (&out)[16])
{
Reader input(hostname);
int currentComponentIndex = 0;
int contractionIndex = -1;
if (input.Peek(':')) {
// A valid input can only start with ':' if there is a contraction at the
// beginning.
uint8_t b;
if (input.Read(b) != Success || b != ':') {
assert(false);
return false;
}
if (input.Read(b) != Success) {
return false;
}
if (b != ':') {
return false;
}
contractionIndex = 0;
}
for (;;) {
// If we encounter a '.' then we'll have to backtrack to parse the input
// from startOfComponent to the end of the input as an IPv4 address.
Reader::Mark startOfComponent(input.GetMark());
uint16_t componentValue = 0;
size_t componentLength = 0;
while (!input.AtEnd() && !input.Peek(':')) {
uint8_t value;
uint8_t b;
if (input.Read(b) != Success) {
assert(false);
return false;
}
switch (b) {
case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
value = static_cast<uint8_t>(b - static_cast<uint8_t>('0'));
break;
case 'a': case 'b': case 'c': case 'd': case 'e': case 'f':
value = static_cast<uint8_t>(b - static_cast<uint8_t>('a') +
UINT8_C(10));
break;
case 'A': case 'B': case 'C': case 'D': case 'E': case 'F':
value = static_cast<uint8_t>(b - static_cast<uint8_t>('A') +
UINT8_C(10));
break;
case '.':
{
// A dot indicates we hit a IPv4-syntax component. Backtrack, parsing
// the input from startOfComponent to the end of the input as an IPv4
// address, and then combine it with the other components.
if (currentComponentIndex > 6) {
return false; // Too many components before the IPv4 component
}
input.SkipToEnd();
Input ipv4Component;
if (input.GetInput(startOfComponent, ipv4Component) != Success) {
return false;
}
uint8_t (*ipv4)[4] =
reinterpret_cast<uint8_t(*)[4]>(&out[2 * currentComponentIndex]);
if (!ParseIPv4Address(ipv4Component, *ipv4)) {
return false;
}
assert(input.AtEnd());
currentComponentIndex += 2;
return FinishIPv6Address(out, currentComponentIndex,
contractionIndex);
}
default:
return false;
}
if (componentLength >= 4) {
// component too long
return false;
}
++componentLength;
componentValue = (componentValue * 0x10u) + value;
}
if (currentComponentIndex >= 8) {
return false; // too many components
}
if (componentLength == 0) {
if (input.AtEnd() && currentComponentIndex == contractionIndex) {
if (contractionIndex == 0) {
// don't accept "::"
return false;
}
return FinishIPv6Address(out, currentComponentIndex,
contractionIndex);
}
return false;
}
out[2 * currentComponentIndex] =
static_cast<uint8_t>(componentValue / 0x100);
out[(2 * currentComponentIndex) + 1] =
static_cast<uint8_t>(componentValue % 0x100);
++currentComponentIndex;
if (input.AtEnd()) {
return FinishIPv6Address(out, currentComponentIndex,
contractionIndex);
}
uint8_t b;
if (input.Read(b) != Success || b != ':') {
assert(false);
return false;
}
if (input.Peek(':')) {
// Contraction
if (contractionIndex != -1) {
return false; // multiple contractions are not allowed.
}
uint8_t b;
if (input.Read(b) != Success || b != ':') {
assert(false);
return false;
}
contractionIndex = currentComponentIndex;
if (input.AtEnd()) {
// "::" at the end of the input.
return FinishIPv6Address(out, currentComponentIndex,
contractionIndex);
}
}
}
}
bool
IsValidReferenceDNSID(Input hostname)
{
return IsValidDNSID(hostname, IDRole::ReferenceID, AllowWildcards::No);
}
bool
IsValidPresentedDNSID(Input hostname)
{
return IsValidDNSID(hostname, IDRole::PresentedID, AllowWildcards::Yes);
}
namespace {
bool
IsValidDNSID(Input hostname, IDRole idRole, AllowWildcards allowWildcards)
{
if (hostname.GetLength() > 253) {
return false;
}
Reader input(hostname);
if (idRole == IDRole::NameConstraint && input.AtEnd()) {
return true;
}
size_t dotCount = 0;
size_t labelLength = 0;
bool labelIsAllNumeric = false;
bool labelEndsWithHyphen = false;
// Only presented IDs are allowed to have wildcard labels. And, like
// Chromium, be stricter than RFC 6125 requires by insisting that a
// wildcard label consist only of '*'.
bool isWildcard = allowWildcards == AllowWildcards::Yes && input.Peek('*');
bool isFirstByte = !isWildcard;
if (isWildcard) {
Result rv = input.Skip(1);
if (rv != Success) {
assert(false);
return false;
}
uint8_t b;
rv = input.Read(b);
if (rv != Success) {
return false;
}
if (b != '.') {
return false;
}
++dotCount;
}
do {
static const size_t MAX_LABEL_LENGTH = 63;
uint8_t b;
if (input.Read(b) != Success) {
return false;
}
switch (b) {
case '-':
if (labelLength == 0) {
return false; // Labels must not start with a hyphen.
}
labelIsAllNumeric = false;
labelEndsWithHyphen = true;
++labelLength;
if (labelLength > MAX_LABEL_LENGTH) {
return false;
}
break;
// We avoid isdigit because it is locale-sensitive. See
// http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/isdigit.html
case '0': case '5':
case '1': case '6':
case '2': case '7':
case '3': case '8':
case '4': case '9':
if (labelLength == 0) {
labelIsAllNumeric = true;
}
labelEndsWithHyphen = false;
++labelLength;
if (labelLength > MAX_LABEL_LENGTH) {
return false;
}
break;
// We avoid using islower/isupper/tolower/toupper or similar things, to
// avoid any possibility of this code being locale-sensitive. See
// http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/isupper.html
case 'a': case 'A': case 'n': case 'N':
case 'b': case 'B': case 'o': case 'O':
case 'c': case 'C': case 'p': case 'P':
case 'd': case 'D': case 'q': case 'Q':
case 'e': case 'E': case 'r': case 'R':
case 'f': case 'F': case 's': case 'S':
case 'g': case 'G': case 't': case 'T':
case 'h': case 'H': case 'u': case 'U':
case 'i': case 'I': case 'v': case 'V':
case 'j': case 'J': case 'w': case 'W':
case 'k': case 'K': case 'x': case 'X':
case 'l': case 'L': case 'y': case 'Y':
case 'm': case 'M': case 'z': case 'Z':
labelIsAllNumeric = false;
labelEndsWithHyphen = false;
++labelLength;
if (labelLength > MAX_LABEL_LENGTH) {
return false;
}
break;
case '.':
++dotCount;
if (labelLength == 0 &&
(idRole != IDRole::NameConstraint || !isFirstByte)) {
return false;
}
if (labelEndsWithHyphen) {
return false; // Labels must not end with a hyphen.
}
labelLength = 0;
break;
default:
return false; // Invalid character.
}
isFirstByte = false;
} while (!input.AtEnd());
// Only reference IDs, not presented IDs or name constraints, may be
// absolute.
if (labelLength == 0 && idRole != IDRole::ReferenceID) {
return false;
}
if (labelEndsWithHyphen) {
return false; // Labels must not end with a hyphen.
}
if (labelIsAllNumeric) {
return false; // Last label must not be all numeric.
}
if (isWildcard) {
// If the DNS ID ends with a dot, the last dot signifies an absolute ID.
size_t labelCount = (labelLength == 0) ? dotCount : (dotCount + 1);
// Like NSS, require at least two labels to follow the wildcard label.
//
// TODO(bug XXXXXXX): Allow the TrustDomain to control this on a
// per-eTLD+1 basis, similar to Chromium. Even then, it might be better to
// still enforce that there are at least two labels after the wildcard.
if (labelCount < 3) {
return false;
}
// XXX: RFC6125 says that we shouldn't accept wildcards within an IDN
// A-Label. The consequence of this is that we effectively discriminate
// against users of languages that cannot be encoded with ASCII.
if (StartsWithIDNALabel(hostname)) {
return false;
}
// TODO(bug XXXXXXX): Wildcards are not allowed for EV certificates.
// Provide an option to indicate whether wildcards should be matched, for
// the purpose of helping the application enforce this.
}
return true;
}
} // unnamed namespace
} } // namespace mozilla::pkix
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