gecko-dev/js/ref

This is the README file for the JavaScript Reference (JSRef) implementation.
It consists of build conventions and instructions, source code conventions, a
design walk-through, and a brief file-by-file description of the source.

JSRef builds a library or DLL containing the JavaScript runtime (compiler,
interpreter, decompiler, garbage collector, atom manager, standard classes).
It then compiles a small "shell" program and links that with the library to
make an interpreter that can be used interactively and with test .js files to
run scripts.

The current version of JSRef lacks a conformance testsuite.  We aim to provide
one as soon as possible.

Quick start tip: skip to "Using the JS API" below, build js, and play with the
object named "it" (start by setting 'it.noisy = true').

Brendan Eich, 9/17/96

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Build conventions:

- On Windows, use MSDEV4.2 (js*.mdp) or 5.0 (js*.mak).

- On Mac, use CodeWarrior 3.x (JSRef.mcp in the macbuild subdirectory)

- On Unix, use vendor cc or gcc (ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu) for compiling,
  and use gmake for building.

  To compile optimized code, pass BUILD_OPT=1 on the nmake/gmake command line
  or preset it in the environment or makefile.  The C preprocessor macro DEBUG
  will be undefined, and NDEBUG (archaic Unix-ism for "No Debugging") will be
  defined.  Without BUILD_OPT, DEBUG is predefined and NDEBUG is undefined.

  On Unix, your own debug flag, DEBUG_$USER, will be defined or undefined as
  BUILD_OPT is unset or set.

  (Linux autoconf support way overdue; coming some day soon, I promise.)

- To add C compiler options from the make command line, set XCFLAGS=-Dfoo.
  To predefine -D or -U options in the makefile, set DEFINES.
  To predefine -I options in the makefile, set INCLUDES.

- To turn on GC instrumentation, define JS_GCMETER.
- To enable multi-threaded execution, define JS_THREADSAFE and flesh out the
  stubs and required headers in jslock.c/.h.  See the JS API docs for more.
- To turn on the arena package's instrumentation, define PR_ARENAMETER.
- To turn on the hash table package's metering, define PR_HASHMETER.

Naming and coding conventions:

- Public function names begin with JS_ followed by capitalized "intercaps",
  e.g. JS_NewObject.
- Extern but library-private function names use a js_ prefix and mixed case,
  e.g. js_LookupSymbol.
- Most static function names have unprefixed, mixed-case names: GetChar.
- But static native methods of JS objects have lowercase, underscore-separated
  or intercaps names, e.g., str_indexOf.
- And library-private and static data use underscores, not intercaps (but
  library-private data do use a js_ prefix).
- Scalar type names are lowercase and js-prefixed: jsdouble.
- Aggregate type names are JS-prefixed and mixed-case: JSObject.
- Macros are generally ALL_CAPS and underscored, to call out potential
  side effects, multiple uses of a formal argument, etc.

- Four spaces of indentation per statement nesting level.
- Tabs are taken to be eight spaces, and an Emacs magic comment at the top of
  each file tries to help.  If you're using MSVC or similar, you'll want to
  set tab width to 8, or convert these files to be space-filled.
- DLL entry points have their return type expanded within a PR_PUBLIC_API()
  macro call, to get the right Windows secret type qualifiers in the right
  places for both 16- and 32-bit builds.
- Callback functions that might be called from a DLL are similarly macroized
  with PR_STATIC_CALLBACK (if the function otherwise would be static to hide
  its name) or PR_CALLBACK (this macro takes no type argument; it should be
  used after the return type and before the function name).

Using the JS API:

- Starting up:

    /*
     * Tune this to avoid wasting space for shallow stacks, while saving on
     * malloc overhead/fragmentation for deep or highly-variable stacks.
     */
    #define STACK_CHUNK_SIZE	8192

    JSRuntime *rt;
    JSContext *cx;

    /* You need a runtime and one or more contexts to do anything with JS. */
    rt = JS_Init(1000000L);
    if (!rt)
	fail("can't create JavaScript runtime");
    cx = JS_NewContext(rt, STACK_CHUNK_SIZE);
    if (!cx)
	fail("can't create JavaScript context");

    /*
     * The context definitely wants a global object, in order to have standard
     * classes and functions like Date and parseInt.  See below for details on
     * JS_NewObject.
     */
    JSObject *globalObj;

    globalObj = JS_NewObject(cx, &my_global_class, 0, 0);
    JS_InitStandardClasses(cx, globalObj);

- Defining objects and properties:

    /* Statically initialize a class to make "one-off" objects. */
    JSClass my_class = {
	"MyClass",

	/* All of these can be replaced with the corresponding JS_*Stub
	   function pointers. */
	my_addProperty, my_delProperty, my_getProperty, my_setProperty,
	my_enumerate,   my_resolve,     my_convert,     my_finalize
    };

    JSObject *obj;

    /*
     * Define an object named in the global scope that can be enumerated by
     * for/in loops.  The parent object is passed as the second argument, as
     * with all other API calls that take an object/name pair.  The prototype
     * passed in is null, so the default object prototype will be used.
     */
    obj = JS_DefineObject(cx, globalObj, "myObject", &my_class, 0,
			  JSPROP_ENUMERATE);

    /*
     * Define a bunch of properties with a JSPropertySpec array statically
     * initialized and terminated with a null-name entry.  Besides its name,
     * each property has a "tiny" identifier (MY_COLOR, e.g.) that can be used
     * in switch statements (in a common my_getProperty function, for example).
     */
    enum my_tinyid {
	MY_COLOR, MY_HEIGHT, MY_WIDTH, MY_FUNNY, MY_ARRAY, MY_RDONLY
    };

    static JSPropertySpec my_props[] = {
        {"color",       MY_COLOR,       JSPROP_ENUMERATE},
        {"height",      MY_HEIGHT,      JSPROP_ENUMERATE},
        {"width",       MY_WIDTH,       JSPROP_ENUMERATE},
        {"funny",       MY_FUNNY,       JSPROP_ENUMERATE},
        {"array",       MY_ARRAY,       JSPROP_ENUMERATE},
        {"rdonly",      MY_RDONLY,      JSPROP_READONLY},
        {0}
    };

    JS_DefineProperties(cx, obj, my_props);

    /*
     * Given the above definitions and call to JS_DefineProperties, obj will
     * need this sort of "getter" method in its class (my_class, above).  See
     * the example for the "It" class in js.c.
     */
    static JSBool
    my_getProperty(JSContext *cx, JSObject *obj, jsval id, jsval *vp)
    {
	if (JSVAL_IS_INT(id)) {
	    switch (JSVAL_TO_INT(id)) {
	      case MY_COLOR:  *vp = . . .; break;
	      case MY_HEIGHT: *vp = . . .; break;
	      case MY_WIDTH:  *vp = . . .; break;
	      case MY_FUNNY:  *vp = . . .; break;
	      case MY_ARRAY:  *vp = . . .; break;
	      case MY_RDONLY: *vp = . . .; break;
	    }
	}
	return JS_TRUE;
    }

- Defining functions:

    /* Define a bunch of native functions first: */
    static JSBool
    my_abs(JSContext *cx, JSObject *obj, uintN argc, jsval *argv, jsval *rval)
    {
	jsdouble x, z;

	if (!JS_ValueToNumber(cx, argv[0], &x))
	    return JS_FALSE;
	z = (x < 0) ? -x : x;
	return JS_NewDoubleValue(cx, z, rval);
    }

    . . .

    /*
     * Use a JSFunctionSpec array terminated with a null name to define a
     * bunch of native functions.
     */
    static JSFunctionSpec my_functions[] = {
    /*    name          native          nargs    */
        {"abs",         my_abs,         1},
        {"acos",        my_acos,        1},
        {"asin",        my_asin,        1},
        . . .
        {0}
    };

    /*
     * Pass a particular object to define methods for it alone.  If you pass
     * a prototype object, the methods will apply to all instances past and
     * future of the prototype's class (see below for classes).
     */
    JS_DefineFunctions(cx, globalObj, my_functions);

- Defining classes:

    /*
     * This pulls together the above API elements by defining a constructor
     * function, a prototype object, and properties of the prototype and of
     * the constructor, all with one API call.
     *
     * Initialize a class by defining its constructor function, prototype, and
     * per-instance and per-class properties.  The latter are called "static"
     * below by analogy to Java.  They are defined in the constructor object's
     * scope, so that 'MyClass.myStaticProp' works along with 'new MyClass()'.
     *
     * JS_InitClass takes a lot of arguments, but you can pass null for any of
     * the last four if there are no such properties or methods.
     *
     * Note that you do not need to call JS_InitClass to make a new instance of
     * that class -- otherwise there would be a chicken-and-egg problem making
     * the global object -- but you should call JS_InitClass if you require a
     * constructor function for script authors to call via new, and/or a class
     * prototype object ('MyClass.prototype') for authors to extend with new
     * properties at run-time.
     */
    protoObj = JS_InitClass(cx, globalObj, &my_class,

			    /* native constructor function and min arg count */
			    MyClass, 0,

			    /* prototype object properties and methods -- these
			       will be "inherited" by all instances through
			       delegation up the instance's prototype link. */
			    my_props, my_methods,

			    /* class constructor properties and methods */
			    my_static_props, my_static_methods);

- Running scripts:

    /* These should indicate source location for diagnostics. */
    char *filename;
    uintN lineno;

    /*
     * The return value comes back here -- if it could be a GC thing, you must
     * add it to the GC's "root set" with JS_AddRoot(cx, &thing) where thing
     * is a JSString *, JSObject *, or jsdouble *, and remove the root before
     * rval goes out of scope, or when rval is no longer needed.
     */
    jsval rval;
    JSBool ok;

    /*
     * Some example source in a C string.  Larger, non-null-terminated buffers
     * can be used, if you pass the buffer length to JS_EvaluateScript.
     */
    char *source = "x * f(y)";

    ok = JS_EvaluateScript(cx, globalObj, source, strlen(source),
			   filename, lineno, &rval);

    if (ok) {
	/* Should get a number back from the example source. */
	jsdouble d;

	ok = JS_ValueToNumber(cx, rval, &d);
	. . .
    }

- Calling functions:

    /* Call a global function named "foo" that takes no arguments. */
    ok = JS_CallFunctionName(cx, globalObj, "foo", 0, 0, &rval);

    jsval argv[2];

    /* Call a function in obj's scope named "method", passing two arguments. */
    argv[0] = . . .;
    argv[1] = . . .;
    ok = JS_CallFunctionName(cx, obj, "method", 2, argv, &rval);

- Shutting down:

    /* For each context you've created: */
    JS_DestroyContext(cx);

    /* And finally: */
    JS_Finish(rt);

- Debugging API

  See the trap, untrap, watch, unwatch, line2pc, and pc2line commands in js.c.
  Also the (scant) comments in jsdbgapi.h.

Design walk-through:

  This section must be brief for now -- it could easily turn into a book.

- JS "JavaScript Proper"

  JS modules declare and implement the JavaScript compiler, interpreter,
  decompiler, GC and atom manager, and standard classes.

  JavaScript uses untyped bytecode and runtime type tagging of data values.
  The jsval type is a signed machine word that contains either a signed integer
  value (if the low bit is set), or a type-tagged pointer or boolean value (if
  the low bit is clear).  Tagged pointers all refer to 8-byte-aligned things in
  the GC heap.

  Objects consist of a possibly shared structural description, called the map
  or scope; and unshared property values in a vector, called the slots.  Object
  properties are associated with nonnegative integers stored in jsvals, or with
  atoms (unique string descriptors) if named by an identifier or a non-integral
  index expression.

  Scripts contain bytecode, source annotations, and a pool of string, number,
  and identifier literals.  Functions are objects that extend scripts or native
  functions with formal parameters, a literal syntax, and a distinct primitive
  type ("function").

  The compiler consists of a recursive-descent parser and a random-logic rather
  than table-driven lexical scanner.  Semantic and lexical feedback are used to
  disambiguate hard cases such as missing semicolons, assignable expressions
  ("lvalues" in C parlance), etc.  The parser generates bytecode as it parses,
  using fixup lists for downward branches and code buffering and rewriting for
  exceptional cases such as for loops.  It attempts no error recovery.

  The interpreter executes the bytecode of top-level scripts, and calls itself
  indirectly to interpret function bodies (which are also scripts).  All state
  associated with an interpreter instance is passed through formal parameters
  to the interpreter entry point; most implicit state is collected in a type
  named JSContext.  Therefore, all API and almost all other functions in JSRef
  take a JSContext pointer as their first argument.

  The decompiler translates postfix bytecode into infix source by consulting a
  separate byte-sized code, called source notes, to disambiguate bytecodes that
  result from more than one grammatical production.

  The GC is a mark-and-sweep, non-conservative (perfect) collector.  It can
  allocate only fixed-sized things -- the current size is two machine words.
  It is used to hold JS object and string descriptors (but not property lists
  or string bytes), and double-precision floating point numbers.  It runs
  automatically only when maxbytes (as passed to JS_Init) bytes of GC things
  have been allocated and another thing-allocation request is made.  JS API
  users should call JS_GC or JS_MaybeGC between script executions or from the
  branch callback, as often as necessary.

  An important point about the GC's "perfection": you must add roots for new
  objects created by your native methods if you store references to them into
  a non-JS structure in the malloc heap or in static data.  Also, if you make
  a new object in a native method, but do not store it through the rval result
  parameter (see math_abs in the "Using the JS API" section above) so that it
  is in a known root, the object is guaranteed to survive only until another
  new object is created.  Either lock the first new object when making two in
  a row, or store it in a root you've added, or store it via rval.

  The atom manager consists of a hash table associating strings uniquely with
  scanner/parser information such as keyword type, index in script or function
  literal pool, etc.  Atoms play three roles in JSRef: as literals referred to
  by unaligned 16-bit immediate bytecode operands, as unique string descriptors
  for efficient property name hashing, and as members of the root GC set for
  perfect GC.  This design therefore requires atoms to be manually reference
  counted, from script literal pools (JSAtomMap) and object symbol (JSSymbol)
  entry keys.

  Native objects and methods for arrays, booleans, dates, functions, numbers,
  and strings are implemented using the JS API and certain internal interfaces
  used as "fast paths".

  In general, errors are signaled by false or unoverloaded-null return values,
  and are reported using JS_ReportError or one of its variants by the lowest
  level in order to provide the most detail.  Client code can substitute its
  own error reporting function and suppress errors, or reflect them into Java
  or some other runtime system as exceptions, GUI dialogs, etc.

- PR "Portable Runtime"

  PR modules declare and implement fundamental representation types and macros,
  arenas, hash tables, 64-bit integers, double-precision floating point to
  string and back conversions, and date/time functions that are used by the JS
  modules.  The PR code is independent of JavaScript and can be used without
  linking with the JS code.

  In general, errors are signaled by false or unoverloaded-null return values,
  but are not reported.  Therefore, JS calls to PR functions check returns and
  report errors as specifically as possible.

File walk-through:

- jsapi.c, jsapi.h

  The public API to be used by almost all client code.

  If your client code can't make do with jsapi.h, and must reach into a friend
  or private js* file, please let us know so we can extend jsapi.h to include
  what you need in a fashion that we can support over the long run.

- jspubtd.h, jsprvtd.h

  These files exist to group struct and scalar typedefs so they can be used
  everywhere without dragging in struct definitions from N different files.
  The jspubtd.h file contains public typedefs, and is included by jsapi.h.
  The jsprvtd.h file contains private typedefs and is included by various .h
  files that need type names, but not type sizes or declarations.

- jsdbgapi.c, jsdbgapi.h

  The Debugging API, still very much under development.  Provided so far:

  - Traps, with which breakpoints, single-stepping, step over, step out, and
    so on can be implemented.  The debugger will have to consult jsopcode.def
    on its own to figure out where to plant trap instructions to implement
    functions like step out, but a future jsdbgapi.h will provide convenience
    interfaces to do these things.

    At most one trap per bytecode can be set.  When a script (JSScript) is
    destroyed, all traps set in its bytecode are cleared.

  - Watchpoints, for intercepting set operations on properties and running a
    debugger-supplied function that receives the old value and a pointer to
    the new one, which it can use to modify the new value being set.

  - Line number to PC and back mapping functions.  The line-to-PC direction
    "rounds" toward the next bytecode generated from a line greater than or
    equal to the input line, and may return the PC of a for-loop update part,
    if given the line number of the loop body's closing brace.  Any line after
    the last one in a script or function maps to a PC one byte beyond the last
    bytecode in the script.

    An example, from perfect.js:

14   function perfect(n)
15   {
16       print("The perfect numbers up to " +  n + " are:");
17
18       // We build sumOfDivisors[i] to hold a string expression for
19       // the sum of the divisors of i, excluding i itself.
20       var sumOfDivisors = new ExprArray(n+1,1);
21       for (var divisor = 2; divisor <= n; divisor++) {
22           for (var j = divisor + divisor; j <= n; j += divisor) {
23               sumOfDivisors[j] += " + " + divisor;
24           }
25           // At this point everything up to 'divisor' has its sumOfDivisors
26           // expression calculated, so we can determine whether it's perfect
27           // already by evaluating.
28           if (eval(sumOfDivisors[divisor]) == divisor) {
29               print("" + divisor + " = " + sumOfDivisors[divisor]);
30           }
31       }
32       delete sumOfDivisors;
33       print("That's all.");
34   }

    The line number to PC and back mappings can be tested using the js program
    with the following script:

	load("perfect.js")
	print(perfect)
	dis(perfect)

	print()
	for (var ln = 0; ln <= 40; ln++) {
	    var pc = line2pc(perfect,ln)
	    var ln2 = pc2line(perfect,pc)
	    print("\tline " + ln + " => pc " + pc + " => line " + ln2)
	}

    The result of the for loop over lines 0 to 40 inclusive is:

	line 0 => pc 0 => line 16
	line 1 => pc 0 => line 16
	line 2 => pc 0 => line 16
	line 3 => pc 0 => line 16
	line 4 => pc 0 => line 16
	line 5 => pc 0 => line 16
	line 6 => pc 0 => line 16
	line 7 => pc 0 => line 16
	line 8 => pc 0 => line 16
	line 9 => pc 0 => line 16
	line 10 => pc 0 => line 16
	line 11 => pc 0 => line 16
	line 12 => pc 0 => line 16
	line 13 => pc 0 => line 16
	line 14 => pc 0 => line 16
	line 15 => pc 0 => line 16
	line 16 => pc 0 => line 16
	line 17 => pc 19 => line 20
	line 18 => pc 19 => line 20
	line 19 => pc 19 => line 20
	line 20 => pc 19 => line 20
	line 21 => pc 36 => line 21
	line 22 => pc 53 => line 22
	line 23 => pc 74 => line 23
	line 24 => pc 92 => line 22
	line 25 => pc 106 => line 28
	line 26 => pc 106 => line 28
	line 27 => pc 106 => line 28
	line 28 => pc 106 => line 28
	line 29 => pc 127 => line 29
	line 30 => pc 154 => line 21
	line 31 => pc 154 => line 21
	line 32 => pc 161 => line 32
	line 33 => pc 172 => line 33
	line 34 => pc 172 => line 33
	line 35 => pc 172 => line 33
	line 36 => pc 172 => line 33
	line 37 => pc 172 => line 33
	line 38 => pc 172 => line 33
	line 39 => pc 172 => line 33
	line 40 => pc 172 => line 33

- jsconfig.h

  Various configuration macros defined as 0 or 1 depending on how JS_VERSION
  is defined (as 10 for JavaScript 1.0, 11 for JavaScript 1.1, etc.).  Not all
  macros are tested around related code yet.  In particular, JS 1.0 support is
  missing from JSRef.  JS 1.2 support will appear in a future JSRef release.

- js.c

  The "JS shell", a simple interpreter program that uses the JS API and more
  than a few internal interfaces (some of these internal interfaces could be
  replaced by jsapi.h calls).  The js program built from this source provides
  a test vehicle for evaluating scripts and calling functions, trying out new
  debugger primitives, etc.

- jsarray.c, jsarray.h
- jsbool.c, jsbool.h
- jsdate.c, jsdate.h
- jsfun.c, jsfun.h
- jsmath.c, jsmath.h
- jsnum.c, jsnum.h
- jsstr.c, jsstr.h

  These file pairs implement the standard classes and (where they exist) their
  underlying primitive types.  They have similar structure, generally starting
  with class definitions and continuing with internal constructors, finalizers,
  and helper functions.

- jsobj.c, jsobj.h
- jsscope.c, jsscope.h

  These two pairs declare and implement the JS object system.  All of the
  following happen here:

  - creating objects by class and prototype, and finalizing objects;
  - defining, looking up, getting, setting, and deleting properties;
  - creating and destroying properties and binding names to them.

  The details of an object map (scope) are mostly hidden in jsscope.[ch],
  where scopes start out as linked lists of symbols, and grow after some
  threshold into PR hash tables.

- jsatom.c, jsatom.h

  The atom manager.  Contains well-known string constants, their atoms, the
  global atom hash table and related state, the js_Atomize() function that
  turns a counted string of bytes into an atom, and literal pool (JSAtomMap)
  methods.

- jsgc.c, jsgc.h

  [TBD]

- jsinterp.c, jsinterp.h
- jscntxt.c, jscntxt.h

  The bytecode interpreter, and related functions such as Call and AllocStack,
  live in interp.c.  The JSContext constructor and destructor are factored out
  into jscntxt.c for minimal linking when the compiler part of JS is split from
  the interpreter part into a separate program.

- jsemit.c, jsemit.h
- jsopcode.def, jsopcode.c, jsopcode.h
- jsparse.c, jsparse.h
- jsscan.c, jsscan.h
- jsscript.c, jsscript.h

  Compiler and decompiler modules.  The jsopcode.def file is a C preprocessor
  source that defines almost everything there is to know about JS bytecodes.
  See its major comment for how to use it.  For now, a debugger will use it
  and its dependents such as jsopcode.h directly, but over time we intend to
  extend jsdbgapi.h to hide uninteresting details and provide conveniences.

  The code generator is split across paragraphs of code in jsparse.c, and the
  utility methods called on JSCodeGenerator appear in jsemit.c.  Source notes
  generated by jsparse.c and jsemit.c are used in jsscript.c to map line number
  to program counter and back.

- prtypes.h, prlog2.c

  Fundamental representation types and utility macros.  This file alone among
  all .h files in JSRef must be included first by .c files.  It is not nested
  in .h files, as other prerequisite .h files generally are, since it is also
  a direct dependency of most .c files and would be over-included if nested in
  addition to being directly included.

  The one "not-quite-a-macro macro" is the PR_CeilingLog2 function in prlog2.c.

- prarena.c, prarena.h

  Last-In-First-Out allocation macros that amortize malloc costs and allow for
  en-masse freeing.  See the paper mentioned in prarena.h's major comment.

- prassert.c, prassert.h

  The PR_ASSERT macro is used throughout JSRef source as a proof device to make
  invariants and preconditions clear to the reader, and to hold the line during
  maintenance and evolution against regressions or violations of assumptions
  that it would be too expensive to test unconditionally at run-time.  Certain
  assertions are followed by run-time tests that cope with assertion failure,
  but only where I'm too smart or paranoid to believe the assertion will never
  fail...

- prclist.h

  Doubly-linked circular list struct and macros.

- prcpucfg.c

  This standalone program generates prcpucfg.h, a header file containing bytes
  per word and other constants that depend on CPU architecture and C compiler
  type model.  It tries to discover most of these constants by running its own
  experiments on the build host, so if you are cross-compiling, beware.

- prdtoa.c, prdtoa.h

  David Gay's portable double-precision floating point to string conversion
  code, with Permission To Use notice included.

- prhash.c, prhash.h

  Portable, extensible hash tables.  These use multiplicative hash for strength
  reduction over division hash, yet with very good key distribution over power
  of two table sizes.  Collisions resolve via chaining, so each entry burns a
  malloc and can fragment the heap.

- prlong.c, prlong.h

  64-bit integer emulation, and compatible macros that use C's long long type
  where it exists (my last company mapped long long to a 128-bit type, but no
  real architecture does 128-bit ints yet).

- prosdep.h, prmacos.h, prpcos.h, prunixos.h, os/*.h

  A bunch of annoying OS dependencies rationalized into a few "feature-test"
  macros such as HAVE_LONG_LONG.

- prprintf.c, prprintf.h

  Portable, buffer-overrun-resistant sprintf and friends.

  For no good reason save lack of time, the %e, %f, and %g formats cause your
  system's native sprintf, rather than PR_dtoa, to be used.  This bug doesn't
  affect JSRef, because it uses its own PR_dtoa call in jsnum.c to convert
  from double to string, but it's a bug that we'll fix later, and one you
  should be aware of if you intend to use a PR_*printf function with your own
  floating type arguments -- various vendor sprintf's mishandle NaN, +/-Inf,
  and some even print normal floating values inaccurately.

- prtime.c, prtime.h

  Time functions.  These interfaces are named in a way that makes local vs.
  universal time confusion likely.  Caveat emptor, and we're working on it.
  To make matters worse, Java (and therefore JavaScript) uses "local" time
  numbers (offsets from the epoch) in its Date class.