зеркало из https://github.com/mozilla/gecko-dev.git
578 строки
20 KiB
C++
578 строки
20 KiB
C++
/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*-
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* vim: sw=4 ts=4 et :
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* ***** BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK *****
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* Version: MPL 1.1/GPL 2.0/LGPL 2.1
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*
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* The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License Version
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* 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
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* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
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* http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
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*
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* Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" basis,
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* WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License
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* for the specific language governing rights and limitations under the
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* License.
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*
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* The Original Code is mozilla.org code.
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*
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* The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
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* Netscape Communications Corporation.
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* Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
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* the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
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*
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* Contributor(s):
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* Chris Jones <jones.chris.g@gmail.com>
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*
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* Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the terms of
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* either of the GNU General Public License Version 2 or later (the "GPL"),
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* or the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 2.1 or later (the "LGPL"),
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* in which case the provisions of the GPL or the LGPL are applicable instead
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* of those above. If you wish to allow use of your version of this file only
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* under the terms of either the GPL or the LGPL, and not to allow others to
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* use your version of this file under the terms of the MPL, indicate your
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* decision by deleting the provisions above and replace them with the notice
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* and other provisions required by the GPL or the LGPL. If you do not delete
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* the provisions above, a recipient may use your version of this file under
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* the terms of any one of the MPL, the GPL or the LGPL.
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*
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* ***** END LICENSE BLOCK ***** */
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#ifndef mozilla_DeadlockDetector_h
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#define mozilla_DeadlockDetector_h
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#include <stdlib.h>
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#include "plhash.h"
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#include "prlock.h"
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#include "nsTArray.h"
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#ifdef NS_TRACE_MALLOC
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# include "nsTraceMalloc.h"
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#endif // ifdef NS_TRACE_MALLOC
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namespace mozilla {
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// FIXME bug 456272: split this off into a convenience API on top of
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// nsStackWalk?
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class NS_COM_GLUE CallStack
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{
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private:
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#ifdef NS_TRACE_MALLOC
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typedef nsTMStackTraceID callstack_id;
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// needs to be a macro to avoid disturbing the backtrace
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# define NS_GET_BACKTRACE() NS_TraceMallocGetStackTrace()
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#else
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typedef void* callstack_id;
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# define NS_GET_BACKTRACE() 0
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#endif // ifdef NS_TRACE_MALLOC
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callstack_id mCallStack;
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public:
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/**
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* CallStack
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* *ALWAYS* *ALWAYS* *ALWAYS* call this with no arguments. This
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* constructor takes an argument *ONLY* so that |GET_BACKTRACE()|
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* can be evaluated in the stack frame of the caller, rather than
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* that of the constructor.
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*
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* *BEWARE*: this means that calling this constructor with no
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* arguments is not the same as a "default, do-nothing"
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* constructor: it *will* construct a backtrace. This can cause
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* unexpected performance issues.
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*/
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CallStack(const callstack_id aCallStack = NS_GET_BACKTRACE()) :
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mCallStack(aCallStack)
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{
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}
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CallStack(const CallStack& aFrom) :
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mCallStack(aFrom.mCallStack)
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{
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}
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CallStack& operator=(const CallStack& aFrom)
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{
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mCallStack = aFrom.mCallStack;
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return *this;
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}
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bool operator==(const CallStack& aOther) const
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{
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return mCallStack == aOther.mCallStack;
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}
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bool operator!=(const CallStack& aOther) const
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{
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return mCallStack != aOther.mCallStack;
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}
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// FIXME bug 456272: if this is split off,
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// NS_TraceMallocPrintStackTrace should be modified to print into
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// an nsACString
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void Print(FILE* f) const
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{
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#ifdef NS_TRACE_MALLOC
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if (this != &kNone && mCallStack) {
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NS_TraceMallocPrintStackTrace(f, mCallStack);
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return;
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}
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#endif
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fputs(" [stack trace unavailable]\n", f);
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}
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/** The "null" callstack. */
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static const CallStack kNone;
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};
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/**
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* DeadlockDetector
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*
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* The following is an approximate description of how the deadlock detector
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* works.
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*
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* The deadlock detector ensures that all blocking resources are
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* acquired according to a partial order P. One type of blocking
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* resource is a lock. If a lock l1 is acquired (locked) before l2,
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* then we say that |l1 <_P l2|. The detector flags an error if two
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* locks l1 and l2 have an inconsistent ordering in P; that is, if
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* both |l1 <_P l2| and |l2 <_P l1|. This is a potential error
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* because a thread acquiring l1,l2 according to the first order might
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* race with a thread acquiring them according to the second order.
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* If this happens under the right conditions, then the acquisitions
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* will deadlock.
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*
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* This deadlock detector doesn't know at compile-time what P is. So,
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* it tries to discover the order at run time. More precisely, it
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* finds <i>some</i> order P, then tries to find chains of resource
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* acquisitions that violate P. An example acquisition sequence, and
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* the orders they impose, is
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* l1.lock() // current chain: [ l1 ]
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* // order: { }
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*
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* l2.lock() // current chain: [ l1, l2 ]
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* // order: { l1 <_P l2 }
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*
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* l3.lock() // current chain: [ l1, l2, l3 ]
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* // order: { l1 <_P l2, l2 <_P l3, l1 <_P l3 }
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* // (note: <_P is transitive, so also |l1 <_P l3|)
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*
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* l2.unlock() // current chain: [ l1, l3 ]
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* // order: { l1 <_P l2, l2 <_P l3, l1 <_P l3 }
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* // (note: it's OK, but weird, that l2 was unlocked out
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* // of order. we still have l1 <_P l3).
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*
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* l2.lock() // current chain: [ l1, l3, l2 ]
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* // order: { l1 <_P l2, l2 <_P l3, l1 <_P l3,
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* l3 <_P l2 (!!!) }
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* BEEP BEEP! Here the detector will flag a potential error, since
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* l2 and l3 were used inconsistently (and potentially in ways that
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* would deadlock).
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*/
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template <typename T>
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class DeadlockDetector
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{
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public:
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/**
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* ResourceAcquisition
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* Consists simply of a resource and the calling context from
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* which it was acquired. We pack this information together so
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* that it can be returned back to the caller when a potential
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* deadlock has been found.
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*/
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struct ResourceAcquisition
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{
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const T* mResource;
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CallStack mCallContext;
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ResourceAcquisition(
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const T* aResource,
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const CallStack aCallContext=CallStack::kNone) :
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mResource(aResource),
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mCallContext(aCallContext)
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{
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}
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ResourceAcquisition(const ResourceAcquisition& aFrom) :
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mResource(aFrom.mResource),
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mCallContext(aFrom.mCallContext)
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{
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}
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ResourceAcquisition& operator=(const ResourceAcquisition& aFrom)
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{
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mResource = aFrom.mResource;
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mCallContext = aFrom.mCallContext;
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return *this;
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}
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};
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typedef nsTArray<ResourceAcquisition> ResourceAcquisitionArray;
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private:
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typedef nsTArray<PLHashEntry*> HashEntryArray;
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typedef typename HashEntryArray::index_type index_type;
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typedef typename HashEntryArray::size_type size_type;
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enum {
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NoIndex = HashEntryArray::NoIndex
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};
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/**
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* Value type for the ordering table. Contains the other
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* resources on which an ordering constraint |key < other|
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* exists. The catch is that we also store the calling context at
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* which the other resource was acquired; this improves the
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* quality of error messages when potential deadlock is detected.
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*/
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struct OrderingEntry
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{
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OrderingEntry() :
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mFirstSeen(CallStack::kNone),
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mOrderedLT() // FIXME bug 456272: set to empirical
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{ // dep size?
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}
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~OrderingEntry()
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{
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}
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CallStack mFirstSeen; // first site from which the resource appeared
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HashEntryArray mOrderedLT; // this <_o Other
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};
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static void* TableAlloc(void* /*pool*/, PRSize size)
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{
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return operator new(size);
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}
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static void TableFree(void* /*pool*/, void* item)
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{
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operator delete(item);
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}
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static PLHashEntry* EntryAlloc(void* /*pool*/, const void* key)
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{
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return new PLHashEntry;
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}
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static void EntryFree(void* /*pool*/, PLHashEntry* entry, PRUintn flag)
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{
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delete static_cast<T*>(const_cast<void*>(entry->key));
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delete static_cast<OrderingEntry*>(entry->value);
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entry->value = 0;
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if (HT_FREE_ENTRY == flag)
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delete entry;
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}
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static PLHashNumber HashKey(const void* aKey)
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{
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return NS_PTR_TO_INT32(aKey) >> 2;
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}
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static const PLHashAllocOps kAllocOps;
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// Hash table "interface" the rest of the code should use
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PLHashEntry** GetEntry(const T* aKey)
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{
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return PL_HashTableRawLookup(mOrdering, HashKey(aKey), aKey);
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}
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void PutEntry(T* aKey)
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{
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PL_HashTableAdd(mOrdering, aKey, new OrderingEntry());
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}
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// XXX need these helper methods because OrderingEntry doesn't have
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// XXX access to underlying PLHashEntry
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/**
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* Add the order |aFirst <_o aSecond|.
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*
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* WARNING: this does not check whether it's sane to add this
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* order. In the "best" bad case, when this order already exists,
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* adding it anyway may unnecessarily result in O(n^2) space. In
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* the "worst" bad case, adding it anyway will cause
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* |InTransitiveClosure()| to diverge.
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*/
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void AddOrder(PLHashEntry* aLT, PLHashEntry* aGT)
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{
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static_cast<OrderingEntry*>(aLT->value)->mOrderedLT
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.InsertElementSorted(aGT);
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}
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/**
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* Return true iff the order |aFirst < aSecond| has been
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* *explicitly* added.
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*
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* Does not consider transitivity.
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*/
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bool IsOrdered(const PLHashEntry* aFirst, const PLHashEntry* aSecond)
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const
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{
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return NoIndex !=
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static_cast<const OrderingEntry*>(aFirst->value)->mOrderedLT
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.BinaryIndexOf(aSecond);
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}
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/**
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* Return a pointer to the array of all elements "that" for
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* which the order |this < that| has been explicitly added.
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*
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* NOTE: this does *not* consider transitive orderings.
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*/
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PLHashEntry* const* GetOrders(const PLHashEntry* aEntry) const
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{
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return static_cast<const OrderingEntry*>(aEntry->value)->mOrderedLT
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.Elements();
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}
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/**
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* Return the number of elements "that" for which the order
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* |this < that| has been explicitly added.
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*
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* NOTE: this does *not* consider transitive orderings.
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*/
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size_type NumOrders(const PLHashEntry* aEntry) const
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{
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return static_cast<const OrderingEntry*>(aEntry->value)->mOrderedLT
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.Length();
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}
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/** Make a ResourceAcquisition out of |aEntry|. */
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ResourceAcquisition MakeResourceAcquisition(const PLHashEntry* aEntry)
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const
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{
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return ResourceAcquisition(
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static_cast<const T*>(aEntry->key),
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static_cast<const OrderingEntry*>(aEntry->value)->mFirstSeen);
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}
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// Throwaway RAII lock to make the following code safer.
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struct PRAutoLock
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{
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PRAutoLock(PRLock* aLock) : mLock(aLock) { PR_Lock(mLock); }
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~PRAutoLock() { PR_Unlock(mLock); }
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PRLock* mLock;
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};
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public:
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static const PRUint32 kDefaultNumBuckets;
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/**
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* DeadlockDetector
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* Create a new deadlock detector.
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*
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* @param aNumResourcesGuess Guess at approximate number of resources
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* that will be checked.
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*/
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DeadlockDetector(PRUint32 aNumResourcesGuess = kDefaultNumBuckets)
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{
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mOrdering = PL_NewHashTable(aNumResourcesGuess,
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HashKey,
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PL_CompareValues, PL_CompareValues,
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&kAllocOps, 0);
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if (!mOrdering)
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NS_RUNTIMEABORT("couldn't initialize resource ordering table");
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mLock = PR_NewLock();
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if (!mLock)
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NS_RUNTIMEABORT("couldn't allocate deadlock detector lock");
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}
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/**
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* Add
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* Make the deadlock detector aware of |aResource|.
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*
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* WARNING: The deadlock detector owns |aResource|.
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*
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* Thread safe.
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*
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* @param aResource Resource to make deadlock detector aware of.
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*/
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void Add(T* aResource)
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{
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PRAutoLock _(mLock);
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PutEntry(aResource);
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}
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// Nb: implementing a Remove() method makes the detector "more
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// unsound." By removing a resource from the orderings, deadlocks
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// may be missed that would otherwise have been found. However,
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// removing resources possibly reduces the # of false positives,
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// and additionally saves space. So it's a trade off; we have
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// chosen to err on the side of caution and not implement Remove().
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/**
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* CheckAcquisition This method is called after acquiring |aLast|,
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* but before trying to acquire |aProposed| from |aCallContext|.
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* It determines whether actually trying to acquire |aProposed|
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* will create problems. It is OK if |aLast| is NULL; this is
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* interpreted as |aProposed| being the thread's first acquisition
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* of its current chain.
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*
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* Iff acquiring |aProposed| may lead to deadlock for some thread
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* interleaving (including the current one!), the cyclical
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* dependency from which this was deduced is returned. Otherwise,
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* 0 is returned.
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*
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* If a potential deadlock is detected and a resource cycle is
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* returned, it is the *caller's* responsibility to free it.
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*
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* Thread safe.
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*
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* @param aLast Last resource acquired by calling thread (or 0).
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* @param aProposed Resource calling thread proposes to acquire.
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* @param aCallContext Calling context whence acquisiton request came.
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*/
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ResourceAcquisitionArray* CheckAcquisition(const T* aLast,
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const T* aProposed,
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const CallStack& aCallContext)
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{
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NS_ASSERTION(aProposed, "null resource");
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PRAutoLock _(mLock);
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PLHashEntry* second = *GetEntry(aProposed);
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OrderingEntry* e = static_cast<OrderingEntry*>(second->value);
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if (CallStack::kNone == e->mFirstSeen)
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e->mFirstSeen = aCallContext;
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if (!aLast)
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// don't check if |0 < proposed|; just vamoose
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return 0;
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PLHashEntry* first = *GetEntry(aLast);
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// this is the crux of the deadlock detector algorithm
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if (first == second) {
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// reflexive deadlock. fastpath b/c InTransitiveClosure is
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// not applicable here.
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ResourceAcquisitionArray* cycle = new ResourceAcquisitionArray();
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if (!cycle)
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NS_RUNTIMEABORT("can't allocate dep. cycle array");
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cycle->AppendElement(MakeResourceAcquisition(first));
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cycle->AppendElement(ResourceAcquisition(aProposed,
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aCallContext));
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return cycle;
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}
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if (InTransitiveClosure(first, second)) {
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// we've already established |last < proposed|. all is well.
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return 0;
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}
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if (InTransitiveClosure(second, first)) {
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// the order |proposed < last| has been deduced, perhaps
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// transitively. we're attempting to violate that
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// constraint by acquiring resources in the order
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// |last < proposed|, and thus we may deadlock under the
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// right conditions.
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ResourceAcquisitionArray* cycle = GetDeductionChain(second, first);
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// show how acquiring |proposed| would complete the cycle
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cycle->AppendElement(ResourceAcquisition(aProposed,
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aCallContext));
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return cycle;
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}
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// |last|, |proposed| are unordered according to our
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// poset. this is fine, but we now need to add this
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// ordering constraint.
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AddOrder(first, second);
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return 0;
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}
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/**
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* Return true iff |aTarget| is in the transitive closure of |aStart|
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* over the ordering relation `<_this'.
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*
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* @precondition |aStart != aTarget|
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*/
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bool InTransitiveClosure(const PLHashEntry* aStart,
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const PLHashEntry* aTarget) const
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{
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if (IsOrdered(aStart, aTarget))
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return true;
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index_type i = 0;
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size_type len = NumOrders(aStart);
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for (const PLHashEntry* const* it = GetOrders(aStart);
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i < len; ++i, ++it)
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if (InTransitiveClosure(*it, aTarget))
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return true;
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return false;
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}
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/**
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* Return an array of all resource acquisitions
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* aStart <_this r1 <_this r2 <_ ... <_ aTarget
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* from which |aStart <_this aTarget| was deduced, including
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* |aStart| and |aTarget|.
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*
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* Nb: there may be multiple deductions of |aStart <_this
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* aTarget|. This function returns the first ordering found by
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* depth-first search.
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*
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* Nb: |InTransitiveClosure| could be replaced by this function.
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* However, this one is more expensive because we record the DFS
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* search stack on the heap whereas the other doesn't.
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*
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* @precondition |aStart != aTarget|
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*/
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ResourceAcquisitionArray* GetDeductionChain(
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const PLHashEntry* aStart,
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const PLHashEntry* aTarget)
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{
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ResourceAcquisitionArray* chain = new ResourceAcquisitionArray();
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if (!chain)
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|
NS_RUNTIMEABORT("can't allocate dep. cycle array");
|
|
chain->AppendElement(MakeResourceAcquisition(aStart));
|
|
|
|
NS_ASSERTION(GetDeductionChain_Helper(aStart, aTarget, chain),
|
|
"GetDeductionChain called when there's no deadlock");
|
|
return chain;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// precondition: |aStart != aTarget|
|
|
// invariant: |aStart| is the last element in |aChain|
|
|
bool GetDeductionChain_Helper(const PLHashEntry* aStart,
|
|
const PLHashEntry* aTarget,
|
|
ResourceAcquisitionArray* aChain)
|
|
{
|
|
if (IsOrdered(aStart, aTarget)) {
|
|
aChain->AppendElement(MakeResourceAcquisition(aTarget));
|
|
return true;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
index_type i = 0;
|
|
size_type len = NumOrders(aStart);
|
|
for (const PLHashEntry* const* it = GetOrders(aStart);
|
|
i < len; ++i, ++it) {
|
|
aChain->AppendElement(MakeResourceAcquisition(*it));
|
|
if (GetDeductionChain_Helper(*it, aTarget, aChain))
|
|
return true;
|
|
aChain->RemoveElementAt(aChain->Length() - 1);
|
|
}
|
|
return false;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
* The partial order on resource acquisitions used by the deadlock
|
|
* detector.
|
|
*/
|
|
PLHashTable* mOrdering; // T* -> PLHashEntry<OrderingEntry>
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
* Protects contentious methods.
|
|
* Nb: can't use mozilla::Mutex since we are used as its deadlock
|
|
* detector.
|
|
*/
|
|
PRLock* mLock;
|
|
|
|
DeadlockDetector(const DeadlockDetector& aDD);
|
|
DeadlockDetector& operator=(const DeadlockDetector& aDD);
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
|
template<typename T>
|
|
const PLHashAllocOps DeadlockDetector<T>::kAllocOps = {
|
|
DeadlockDetector<T>::TableAlloc, DeadlockDetector<T>::TableFree,
|
|
DeadlockDetector<T>::EntryAlloc, DeadlockDetector<T>::EntryFree
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
|
template<typename T>
|
|
// FIXME bug 456272: tune based on average workload
|
|
const PRUint32 DeadlockDetector<T>::kDefaultNumBuckets = 64;
|
|
|
|
|
|
} // namespace mozilla
|
|
|
|
#endif // ifndef mozilla_DeadlockDetector_h
|