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285 строки
10 KiB
ReStructuredText
285 строки
10 KiB
ReStructuredText
Building Firefox On Linux
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=========================
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They aren’t complicated, but there are a few prerequisites to building Firefox on Linux. You need:
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#. A 64-bit installation of Linux. You can check by opening a terminal window; if ``uname -m`` returns ``x86_64`` you can proceed.
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#. Next, you’ll need Python 3.6 or later installed. You can check with ``python3 --version`` to see if you have it already. If not, see `Installing Python <#installingpython>`_.
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#. Finally, a reasonably fast internet connection and 30GB of free disk space.
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Getting Started
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---------------
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Getting set up on Linux is fast and easy.
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If you don’t have one yet, create a "``src``" directory for
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yourself under your home directory:
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.. code-block:: shell
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mkdir src && cd src
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Next `download the bootstrap.py
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script <https://hg.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/raw-file/default/python/mozboot/bin/bootstrap.py>`_
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and save it in the ``src/`` directory created above.
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.. warning::
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Building Firefox in Linux on top of a non-native file system -
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for example, on a mounted NTFS partition - is explicitly not
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supported. While a build environment like this may succeed it
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may also fail while claiming to have succeeded, which can be
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quite difficult to diagnose and fix.
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And finally, in your terminal from above start the bootstrapper
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like this:
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.. code-block:: shell
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python3 bootstrap.py
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... and follow the prompts. This will use mercurial to checkout
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the source code. If you prefer to work with git, use this command
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instead:
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.. code-block:: shell
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python3 bootstrap.py --vcs=git
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Let’s Build Firefox
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-------------------
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You’re ready; now we can tie it all together. In your terminal:
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.. code-block:: shell
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cd mozilla-unified # ... or the name of the repo you chose in the above step
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If you are not working on the C/C++ files you can also opt for
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:ref:`Artifact Builds <Understanding Artifact Builds>`
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which are much faster. To enable artifact build set up a
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`.mozconfig <https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Developer_guide/Build_Instructions/Configuring_Build_Options>`_
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file with the following options:
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.. code-block:: shell
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# Automatically download and use compiled C++ components:
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# This option will disable C/C++ compilation
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ac_add_options --enable-artifact-builds
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# Write build artifacts to (not mandatory):
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mk_add_options MOZ_OBJDIR=./objdir-frontend
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If you plan to walk through code with a debugger, set up a
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`.mozconfig <https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Developer_guide/Build_Instructions/Configuring_Build_Options>`_
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file with the following options:
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.. code-block:: shell
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ac_add_options --disable-optimize
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ac_add_options --enable-debug
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Older clang versions (especially clang 6) `from LTS linux
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distributions sometimes miscompile
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Firefox <https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1594686>`_,
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resulting in startup crashes when starting the resulting build.
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If this happens, you can force the use of the ``clang`` version
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that ``./mach bootstrap`` downloaded by adding the following to
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your ``.mozconfig``:
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.. code-block:: shell
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export CC=path/to/home/.mozbuild/clang/bin/clang
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export CXX=path/to/home/.mozbuild/clang/bin/clang++
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And finally, run the build command:
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.. code-block:: shell
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./mach build
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If you encounter any error related to LLVM/Clang on Ubuntu or
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Debian, download the latest version of LLVM and Clang and then
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re-run ``./mach build``.
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And you’re on your way, building your own copy of Firefox from
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source. Don’t be discouraged if this takes a while; this takes
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some time on even the fastest modern machines, and as much as two
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hours or more on older hardware. When the
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``--enable-artifact-builds`` option is used, builds usually finish
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within a few minutes.
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Now the fun starts
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------------------
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You have the code, you’ve compiled Firefox. Fire it up with
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``./mach run`` and you’re ready to start hacking. The next steps
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are up to you: join us on IRC in the ``#introduction`` channel,
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and find `a bug to start working
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on. <https://codetribute.mozilla.org/>`_
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General considerations
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----------------------
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#. 4GB RAM with an additional 4GB of available swap space is the bare minimum, and more RAM is always better - having 8GB or more will dramatically improve build time.
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#. A 64-bit x86 CPU and a 64-bit OS. As of early 2015 it is no longer possible to do a full build of Firefox from source on most 32-bit systems; a 64-bit OS is required. ":ref:`Artifact Builds <Understanding Artifact Builds>`" may be possible, but are not a supported configuration. On Linux you can determine this by typing "``uname -a``" in a terminal. It is possible to build a 32-bit Firefox on a 64-bit system, see :ref:`Building Firefox 32-bit on Linux 64-bit <Building Firefox 32-bit On Linux 64-bit>`.
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#. A recent version of Clang is required to build Firefox. You can learn more about the features we use and their :ref:`compiler support <Using C++ in Mozilla code>`.
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#. If you are on a Fedora machine then simply install the following prerequisites from the terminal window:
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.. code-block:: shell
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sudo dnf install @development-tools @c-development gtk2-devel gtk3-devel libXt-devel GConf2-devel dbus-glib-devel yasm-devel alsa-lib-devel pulseaudio-libs-devel
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.. _installingpython:
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Installing Python
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-----------------
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To build Firefox, it's necessary to have a Python of version 3.6 or later
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installed. Python 2 is no longer required to build Firefox, although it is still
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required for some development tasks, like testing and pushing to ``try``.
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Often, you can install both Python 2 and 3 with your system package manager.
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Make sure your system is up to date! However, users on older Linux distributions
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might find they are unable to install a recent enough Python 3, while users on
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newer Linux distributions may find that they can no longer install Python 2.7.
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`pyenv <https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv>`_ is an easy way to install arbitrary
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Python versions if you fall into either of these categories. Your system package
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manager may or may not provide ``pyenv``, but the ``pyenv`` GitHub repository
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provides detailed `manual installation instructions
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<https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv#installation>`_ in any case.
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Once you have ``pyenv`` configured properly and ``pyenv``'s ``shims`` directory
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at the front of your ``$PATH``, you can easily install any version of Python
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and configure your project to use them. For example, at the root of your
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checkout, do the following:
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.. code-block:: shell
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pyenv install 2.7.17
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pyenv install 3.7.8
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pyenv local 3.7.8 2.7.17
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Requirements for Debian / Ubuntu users
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--------------------------------------
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You need a number of different packages:
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.. code-block:: shell
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# the rust compiler
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aptitude install rustc
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# the rust package manager
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aptitude install cargo
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# the headers of important libs
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aptitude install libgtk-2-dev
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aptitude install libgtk-3-dev
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aptitude install libgconf2-dev
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aptitude install libdbus-glib-1-dev
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aptitude install libpulse-dev
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# rust dependencies
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cargo install cbindgen
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# an assembler for compiling webm
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aptitude install yasm
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# Python 3 dependencies. This will work on Ubuntu 18.04LTS and later or
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# Debian buster and later. For earlier releases of Ubuntu or Debian, you
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# may prefer to use pyenv.
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aptitude install python3 python3-dev python3-pip python3-setuptools
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# Python 2 dependencies. This will work on Ubuntu versions prior to 20.04 LTS
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# and Debian versions prior to bullseye. For later releases of Ubuntu or
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# Debian, you may prefer to use pyenv.
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aptitude install python python-dev python-pip python-setuptools
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One-Line Bootstrapping
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----------------------
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Our system bootstrapping script can automatically install the required
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dependencies. You can download and run it by copying this line and
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pasting it into a terminal window:
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.. code-block:: shell
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wget -q https://hg.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/raw-file/default/python/mozboot/bin/bootstrap.py -O bootstrap.py && python3 bootstrap.py
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.. note::
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Note: piping bootstrap.py to stdin of a python process will cause
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interactive prompts in the bootstrap script to fail, causing the
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bootstrap process to fail. You must run Python against a local file.
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If the above command fails, the reason is often because some Linux
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distributions ship with an outdated list of root certificates. In this
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case, you should upgrade your Linux distribution or use your browser to
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download the file. That ensures that you will get it from the right
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source.
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If you get an error from this process, consider `filing a
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bug <https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/enter_bug.cgi?product=Core&component=Build%20Config>`_
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saying that the bootstrapper didn't work and `contact Mike
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Hoye <mailto:mhoye@mozilla.com>` directly for help. Please include the
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error message and some details about your operating system.
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If you have already checked out the source code via Mercurial or Git you
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can also use `mach <https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Developer_Guide/mach>`_ with the
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bootstrap command:
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.. code-block:: shell
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./mach bootstrap
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Common Bootstrapper Failures
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----------------------------
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.. code-block:: shell
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wget: command not found
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You may not have wget (or curl) installed. In that case, you can either
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install it via your package manager:
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On Debian-based distros like Ubuntu:
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.. code-block:: shell
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sudo apt install wget
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On Fedora-based distros:
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.. code-block:: shell
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sudo dnf install wget
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or you can just `download
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bootstrap.py <https://hg.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/raw-file/default/python/mozboot/bin/bootstrap.py>`_
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using your browser and then run it with this command:
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.. code-block:: shell
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python3 bootstrap.py
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In some cases people who've customized their command prompt to include
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emoji or other non-text symbols have found that bootstrap.py fails with
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a ``UnicodeDecodeError``. We have a bug filed for that but in the
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meantime if you run into this problem you'll need to change your prompt
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back to something boring.
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More info
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---------
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The above bootstrap script supports popular Linux distributions. If it
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doesn't work for you, see `Linux build
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prerequisites <https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Mozilla/Developer_guide/Build_Instructions/Linux_Prerequisites>`_ for more.
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