gecko-dev/xpcom/docs/logging.rst

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Gecko Logging
=============
A minimal C++ logging framework is provided for use in core Gecko code. It is enabled for all builds and is thread-safe.
Declaring a Log Module
----------------------
``LazyLogModule`` defers the creation the backing ``LogModule`` in a thread-safe manner and is the preferred method to declare a log module. Multiple ``LazyLogModules`` with the same name can be declared, all will share the same backing ``LogModule``. This makes it much simpler to share a log module across multiple translation units. ``LazyLogLodule`` provides a conversion operator to ``LogModule*`` and is suitable for passing into the logging macros detailed below.
Note: Log module names can only contain specific characters. The first character must be a lowercase or uppercase ASCII char, underscore, dash, or dot. Subsequent characters may be any of those, or an ASCII digit.
.. code-block:: c++
#include "mozilla/Logging.h"
static mozilla::LazyLogModule sFooLog("foo");
Logging interface
-----------------
A basic interface is provided in the form of 2 macros and an enum class.
+----------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| MOZ_LOG(module, level, message) | Outputs the given message if the module has the given log level enabled: |
| | |
| | * module: The log module to use. |
| | * level: The log level of the message. |
| | * message: A printf-style message to output. Must be enclosed in |
| | parentheses. |
+----------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| MOZ_LOG_TEST(module, level) | Checks if the module has the given level enabled: |
| | |
| | * module: The log module to use. |
| | * level: The output level of the message. |
+----------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+-----------+---------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Log Level | Numeric Value | Purpose |
+===========+===============+=========================================================================================+
| Disabled | 0 | Indicates logging is disabled. This should not be used directly in code. |
+-----------+---------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Error | 1 | An error occurred, generally something you would consider asserting in a debug build. |
+-----------+---------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Warning | 2 | A warning often indicates an unexpected state. |
+-----------+---------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Info | 3 | An informational message, often indicates the current program state. |
+-----------+---------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Debug | 4 | A debug message, useful for debugging but too verbose to be turned on normally. |
+-----------+---------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Verbose | 5 | A message that will be printed a lot, useful for debugging program flow and will |
| | | probably impact performance. |
+-----------+---------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Example Usage
-------------
.. code-block:: c++
#include "mozilla/Logging.h"
using mozilla::LogLevel;
static mozilla::LazyLogModule sLogger("example_logger");
static void DoStuff()
{
MOZ_LOG(sLogger, LogLevel::Info, ("Doing stuff."));
int i = 0;
int start = Time::NowMS();
MOZ_LOG(sLogger, LogLevel::Debug, ("Starting loop."));
while (i++ < 10) {
MOZ_LOG(sLogger, LogLevel::Verbose, ("i = %d", i));
}
// Only calculate the elapsed time if the Warning level is enabled.
if (MOZ_LOG_TEST(sLogger, LogLevel::Warning)) {
int elapsed = Time::NowMS() - start;
if (elapsed > 1000) {
MOZ_LOG(sLogger, LogLevel::Warning, ("Loop took %dms!", elapsed));
}
}
if (i != 10) {
MOZ_LOG(sLogger, LogLevel::Error, ("i should be 10!"));
}
}
Enabling Logging
----------------
The log level for a module is controlled by setting an environment variable before launching the application. It can also be adjusted by setting prefs. By default all logging output is disabled.
::
set MOZ_LOG="example_logger:3"
In the Windows Command Prompt (`cmd.exe`), don't use quotes:
::
set MOZ_LOG=example_logger:3
If you want this on GeckoView example, use the following adb command to launch process:
::
adb shell am start -n org.mozilla.geckoview_example/.GeckoViewActivity --es env0 "MOZ_LOG=example_logger:3"
There are special module names to change logging behavior. You can specify one or more special module names without logging level.
+-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Special module name | Action |
+=========================+===========================================================================================+
| append | Append new logs to existing log file. |
+-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| sync | Print each log synchronously, this is useful to check behavior in real time or get logs |
| | immediately before crash. |
+-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| raw | Print exactly what has been specified in the format string, without the |
| | process/thread/timestamp, etc. prefix. |
+-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| timestamp | Insert timestamp at start of each log line. |
+-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| rotate: **N** | | This limits the produced log files' size. Only most recent **N megabytes** of log data |
| | | is saved. We rotate four log files with .0, .1, .2, .3 extensions. Note: this option |
| | | disables 'append' and forces 'timestamp'. |
+-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
For example, if you want to specify `sync`, `timestamp` and `rotate`:
::
set MOZ_LOG="example_logger:3,timestamp,sync,rotate:10"
To adjust the logging after Firefox has started, you can set prefs under the `logging.` prefix. For example, setting `logging.foo` to `3` will set the log module `foo` to start logging at level 3. The special boolean prefs `logging.config.sync` and `logging.config.add_timestamp` can be used to control the `sync` and `timestamp` properties described above.
.. warning::
A sandboxed content process cannot write to stderr or any file. The easiest way to log these processes is to disable the content sandbox by setting the preference `security.sandbox.content.level` to `0`. On Windows, you can still see child process messages by using DOS (not the `MOZ_LOG_FILE` variable defined below) to redirect output to a file. For example: `MOZ_LOG="CameraChild:5" mach run >& my_log_file.txt` will include debug messages from the camera's child actor that lives in a (sandboxed) content process.
Redirecting logging output to a file
------------------------------------
Logging output can be redirected to a file by passing its path via an environment variable.
.. note::
By default logging output goes to `stderr`.
::
set MOZ_LOG_FILE="log.txt"
The `rotate` and `append` options described above only apply when logging to a file.
The special pref `logging.config.LOG_FILE` can be set at runtime to change the log file being output to.
Logging Rust
------------
We're gradually adding more Rust code to Gecko, and Rust crates typically use a different approach to logging. Many Rust libraries use the `log <https://docs.rs/log>`_ crate to log messages, which works together with `env_logger <https://docs.rs/env_logger>`_ at the application level to control what's actually printed via `RUST_LOG`.
You can set an overall logging level, though it could be quite verbose:
::
set RUST_LOG="debug"
You can also target individual modules by path:
::
set RUST_LOG="style::style_resolver=debug"
.. note::
For Linux/MacOS users, you need to use `export` rather than `set`.
.. note::
Sometimes it can be useful to only log child processes and ignore the parent process. In Firefox 57 and later, you can use `RUST_LOG_CHILD` instead of `RUST_LOG` to specify log settings that will only apply to child processes.
The `log` crate lists the available `log levels <https://docs.rs/log/0.3.8/log/enum.LogLevel.html>`_:
+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Log Level | Purpose |
+===========+=========================================================================================================+
| error | Designates very serious errors. |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| warn | Designates hazardous situations. |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| info | Designates useful information. |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| debug | Designates lower priority information. |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| trace | Designates very low priority, often extremely verbose, information. |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
It is common for debug and trace to be disabled at compile time in release builds, so you may need a debug build if you want logs from those levels.
Check the `env_logger <https://docs.rs/env_logger>`_ docs for more details on logging options.