pjs/content/media/nsBuiltinDecoderStateMachine.h

/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 2; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 2 -*- */
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/* ***** BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK *****
 * Version: ML 1.1/GPL 2.0/LGPL 2.1
 *
 * The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License Version
 * 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
 *
 * Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" basis,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License
 * for the specific language governing rights and limitations under the
 * License.
 *
 * The Original Code is Mozilla code.
 *
 * The Initial Developer of the Original Code is the Mozilla Foundation.
 * Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 2010
 * the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * Contributor(s):
 *  Chris Double <chris.double@double.co.nz>
 *  Chris Pearce <chris@pearce.org.nz>
 *
 * Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the terms of
 * either the GNU General Public License Version 2 or later (the "GPL"), or
 * the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 2.1 or later (the "LGPL"),
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 * ***** END LICENSE BLOCK ***** */
/*
Each video element for a media file has two threads:

  1) The Audio thread writes the decoded audio data to the audio
     hardware. This is done in a separate thread to ensure that the
     audio hardware gets a constant stream of data without
     interruption due to decoding or display. At some point
     libsydneyaudio will be refactored to have a callback interface
     where it asks for data and an extra thread will no longer be
     needed.

  2) The decode thread. This thread reads from the media stream and
     decodes the Theora and Vorbis data. It places the decoded data into
     queues for the other threads to pull from.

All file reads, seeks, and all decoding must occur on the decode thread.
Synchronisation of state between the thread is done via a monitor owned
by nsBuiltinDecoder.

The lifetime of the decode and audio threads is controlled by the state
machine when it runs on the shared state machine thread. When playback
needs to occur they are created and events dispatched to them to run
them. These events exit when decoding/audio playback is completed or
no longer required.

A/V synchronisation is handled by the state machine. It examines the audio
playback time and compares this to the next frame in the queue of video
frames. If it is time to play the video frame it is then displayed, otherwise
it schedules the state machine to run again at the time of the next frame.

Frame skipping is done in the following ways:

  1) The state machine will skip all frames in the video queue whose
     display time is less than the current audio time. This ensures
     the correct frame for the current time is always displayed.

  2) The decode thread will stop decoding interframes and read to the
     next keyframe if it determines that decoding the remaining
     interframes will cause playback issues. It detects this by:
       a) If the amount of audio data in the audio queue drops
          below a threshold whereby audio may start to skip.
       b) If the video queue drops below a threshold where it
          will be decoding video data that won't be displayed due
          to the decode thread dropping the frame immediately.

When hardware accelerated graphics is not available, YCbCr conversion
is done on the decode thread when video frames are decoded.

The decode thread pushes decoded audio and videos frames into two
separate queues - one for audio and one for video. These are kept
separate to make it easy to constantly feed audio data to the sound
hardware while allowing frame skipping of video data. These queues are
threadsafe, and neither the decode, audio, or state machine should
be able to monopolize them, and cause starvation of the other threads.

Both queues are bounded by a maximum size. When this size is reached
the decode thread will no longer decode video or audio depending on the
queue that has reached the threshold. If both queues are full, the decode
thread will wait on the decoder monitor.

When the decode queues are full (they've reaced their maximum size) and
the decoder is not in PLAYING play state, the state machine may opt
to shut down the decode thread in order to conserve resources.

During playback the audio thread will be idle (via a Wait() on the
monitor) if the audio queue is empty. Otherwise it constantly pops
sound data off the queue and plays it with a blocking write to the audio
hardware (via nsAudioStream and libsydneyaudio).

*/
#if !defined(nsBuiltinDecoderStateMachine_h__)
#define nsBuiltinDecoderStateMachine_h__

#include "prmem.h"
#include "nsThreadUtils.h"
#include "nsBuiltinDecoder.h"
#include "nsBuiltinDecoderReader.h"
#include "nsAudioAvailableEventManager.h"
#include "nsHTMLMediaElement.h"
#include "mozilla/ReentrantMonitor.h"
#include "nsITimer.h"

/*
  The state machine class. This manages the decoding and seeking in the
  nsBuiltinDecoderReader on the decode thread, and A/V sync on the shared
  state machine thread, and controls the audio "push" thread.

  All internal state is synchronised via the decoder monitor. State changes
  are either propagated by NotifyAll on the monitor (typically when state
  changes need to be propagated to non-state machine threads) or by scheduling
  the state machine to run another cycle on the shared state machine thread.

  See nsBuiltinDecoder.h for more details.
*/
class nsBuiltinDecoderStateMachine : public nsDecoderStateMachine
{
public:
  typedef mozilla::ReentrantMonitor ReentrantMonitor;
  typedef mozilla::TimeStamp TimeStamp;
  typedef mozilla::TimeDuration TimeDuration;

  nsBuiltinDecoderStateMachine(nsBuiltinDecoder* aDecoder, nsBuiltinDecoderReader* aReader);
  ~nsBuiltinDecoderStateMachine();

  // nsDecoderStateMachine interface
  virtual nsresult Init(nsDecoderStateMachine* aCloneDonor);
  State GetState()
  { 
    mDecoder->GetReentrantMonitor().AssertCurrentThreadIn();
    return mState; 
  }
  virtual void SetVolume(double aVolume);
  virtual void Shutdown();
  virtual PRInt64 GetDuration();
  virtual void SetDuration(PRInt64 aDuration);
  void SetEndTime(PRInt64 aEndTime);
  virtual PRBool OnDecodeThread() const {
    return IsCurrentThread(mDecodeThread);
  }

  virtual nsHTMLMediaElement::NextFrameStatus GetNextFrameStatus();
  virtual void Play();
  virtual void Seek(double aTime);
  virtual double GetCurrentTime() const;
  virtual void ClearPositionChangeFlag();
  virtual void SetSeekable(PRBool aSeekable);
  virtual void UpdatePlaybackPosition(PRInt64 aTime);
  virtual void StartBuffering();

  // State machine thread run function. Defers to RunStateMachine().
  NS_IMETHOD Run();

  // This is called on the state machine thread and audio thread.
  // The decoder monitor must be obtained before calling this.
  PRBool HasAudio() const {
    mDecoder->GetReentrantMonitor().AssertCurrentThreadIn();
    return mInfo.mHasAudio;
  }

  // This is called on the state machine thread and audio thread.
  // The decoder monitor must be obtained before calling this.
  PRBool HasVideo() const {
    mDecoder->GetReentrantMonitor().AssertCurrentThreadIn();
    return mInfo.mHasVideo;
  }

  // Should be called by main thread.
  PRBool HaveNextFrameData() const;

  // Must be called with the decode monitor held.
  PRBool IsBuffering() const {
    mDecoder->GetReentrantMonitor().AssertCurrentThreadIn();

    return mState == nsBuiltinDecoderStateMachine::DECODER_STATE_BUFFERING;
  }

  // Must be called with the decode monitor held.
  PRBool IsSeeking() const {
    mDecoder->GetReentrantMonitor().AssertCurrentThreadIn();

    return mState == nsBuiltinDecoderStateMachine::DECODER_STATE_SEEKING;
  }

  // Functions used by assertions to ensure we're calling things
  // on the appropriate threads.
  PRBool OnAudioThread() const {
    return IsCurrentThread(mAudioThread);
  }

  PRBool OnStateMachineThread() const {
    return IsCurrentThread(GetStateMachineThread());
  }
 
  // The decoder object that created this state machine. The state machine
  // holds a strong reference to the decoder to ensure that the decoder stays
  // alive once media element has started the decoder shutdown process, and has
  // dropped its reference to the decoder. This enables the state machine to
  // keep using the decoder's monitor until the state machine has finished
  // shutting down, without fear of the monitor being destroyed. After
  // shutting down, the state machine will then release this reference,
  // causing the decoder to be destroyed. This is accessed on the decode,
  // state machine, audio and main threads.
  nsRefPtr<nsBuiltinDecoder> mDecoder;

  // The decoder monitor must be obtained before modifying this state.
  // NotifyAll on the monitor must be called when the state is changed so
  // that interested threads can wake up and alter behaviour if appropriate
  // Accessed on state machine, audio, main, and AV thread.
  State mState;

  nsresult GetBuffered(nsTimeRanges* aBuffered);

  void NotifyDataArrived(const char* aBuffer, PRUint32 aLength, PRUint32 aOffset) {
    NS_ASSERTION(NS_IsMainThread(), "Only call on main thread");
    mReader->NotifyDataArrived(aBuffer, aLength, aOffset);
  }

  PRInt64 GetEndMediaTime() const {
    mDecoder->GetReentrantMonitor().AssertCurrentThreadIn();
    return mEndTime;
  }

  PRBool GetSeekable() {
    mDecoder->GetReentrantMonitor().AssertCurrentThreadIn();
    return mSeekable;
  }

  // Sets the current frame buffer length for the MozAudioAvailable event.
  // Accessed on the main and state machine threads.
  virtual void SetFrameBufferLength(PRUint32 aLength);

  // Returns the shared state machine thread.
  static nsIThread* GetStateMachineThread();

  // Schedules the shared state machine thread to run the state machine.
  // If the state machine thread is the currently running the state machine,
  // we wait until that has completely finished before running the state
  // machine again.
  nsresult ScheduleStateMachine();

  // Schedules the shared state machine thread to run the state machine
  // in aUsecs microseconds from now, if it's not already scheduled to run
  // earlier, in which case the request is discarded.
  nsresult ScheduleStateMachine(PRInt64 aUsecs);

  // Timer function to implement ScheduleStateMachine(aUsecs).
  void TimeoutExpired();

protected:

  // Returns PR_TRUE if we've got less than aAudioUsecs microseconds of decoded
  // and playable data. The decoder monitor must be held.
  PRBool HasLowDecodedData(PRInt64 aAudioUsecs) const;

  // Returns PR_TRUE if we're running low on data which is not yet decoded.
  // The decoder monitor must be held.
  PRBool HasLowUndecodedData() const;

  // Returns the number of microseconds of undecoded data available for
  // decoding. The decoder monitor must be held.
  PRInt64 GetUndecodedData() const;

  // Returns the number of unplayed usecs of audio we've got decoded and/or
  // pushed to the hardware waiting to play. This is how much audio we can
  // play without having to run the audio decoder. The decoder monitor
  // must be held.
  PRInt64 AudioDecodedUsecs() const;

  // Returns PR_TRUE when there's decoded audio waiting to play.
  // The decoder monitor must be held.
  PRBool HasFutureAudio() const;

  // Returns PR_TRUE if we recently exited "quick buffering" mode.
  PRBool JustExitedQuickBuffering();

  // Waits on the decoder ReentrantMonitor for aUsecs microseconds. If the decoder
  // monitor is awoken by a Notify() call, we'll continue waiting, unless
  // we've moved into shutdown state. This enables us to ensure that we
  // wait for a specified time, and that the myriad of Notify()s we do on
  // the decoder monitor don't cause the audio thread to be starved. aUsecs
  // values of less than 1 millisecond are rounded up to 1 millisecond
  // (see bug 651023). The decoder monitor must be held. Called only on the
  // audio thread.
  void Wait(PRInt64 aUsecs);

  // Dispatches an asynchronous event to update the media element's ready state.
  void UpdateReadyState();

  // Resets playback timing data. Called when we seek, on the decode thread.
  void ResetPlayback();

  // Returns the audio clock, if we have audio, or -1 if we don't.
  // Called on the state machine thread.
  PRInt64 GetAudioClock();

  // Returns the presentation time of the first sample or frame in the media.
  // If the media has video, it returns the first video frame. The decoder
  // monitor must be held with exactly one lock count. Called on the state
  // machine thread.
  VideoData* FindStartTime();

  // Update only the state machine's current playback position (and duration,
  // if unknown).  Does not update the playback position on the decoder or
  // media element -- use UpdatePlaybackPosition for that.  Called on the state
  // machine thread, caller must hold the decoder lock.
  void UpdatePlaybackPositionInternal(PRInt64 aTime);

  // Pushes the image down the rendering pipeline. Called on the shared state
  // machine thread. The decoder monitor must *not* be held when calling this.
  void RenderVideoFrame(VideoData* aData, TimeStamp aTarget);
 
  // If we have video, display a video frame if it's time for display has
  // arrived, otherwise sleep until it's time for the next sample. Update
  // the current frame time as appropriate, and trigger ready state update.
  // The decoder monitor must be held with exactly one lock count. Called
  // on the state machine thread.
  void AdvanceFrame();

  // Pushes up to aSamples samples of silence onto the audio hardware. Returns
  // the number of samples acutally pushed to the hardware. This pushes up to
  // 32KB worth of samples to the hardware before returning, so must be called
  // in a loop to ensure that the desired number of samples are pushed to the
  // hardware. This ensures that the playback position advances smoothly, and
  // guarantees that we don't try to allocate an impossibly large chunk of
  // memory in order to play back silence. Called on the audio thread.
  PRUint32 PlaySilence(PRUint32 aSamples,
                       PRUint32 aChannels,
                       PRUint64 aSampleOffset);

  // Pops an audio chunk from the front of the audio queue, and pushes its
  // sound data to the audio hardware. MozAudioAvailable sample data is also
  // queued here. Called on the audio thread.
  PRUint32 PlayFromAudioQueue(PRUint64 aSampleOffset, PRUint32 aChannels);

  // Stops the decode thread. The decoder monitor must be held with exactly
  // one lock count. Called on the state machine thread.
  void StopDecodeThread();

  // Stops the audio thread. The decoder monitor must be held with exactly
  // one lock count. Called on the state machine thread.
  void StopAudioThread();

  // Starts the decode thread. The decoder monitor must be held with exactly
  // one lock count. Called on the state machine thread.
  nsresult StartDecodeThread();

  // Starts the audio thread. The decoder monitor must be held with exactly
  // one lock count. Called on the state machine thread.
  nsresult StartAudioThread();

  // The main loop for the audio thread. Sent to the thread as
  // an nsRunnableMethod. This continually does blocking writes to
  // to audio stream to play audio data.
  void AudioLoop();

  // Sets internal state which causes playback of media to pause.
  // The decoder monitor must be held. Called on the main, state machine,
  // and decode threads.
  void StopPlayback();

  // Sets internal state which causes playback of media to begin or resume.
  // Must be called with the decode monitor held. Called on the state machine
  // and decode threads.
  void StartPlayback();

  // Moves the decoder into decoding state. Called on the state machine
  // thread. The decoder monitor must be held.
  void StartDecoding();

  // Returns PR_TRUE if we're currently playing. The decoder monitor must
  // be held.
  PRBool IsPlaying();

  // Returns the "media time". This is the absolute time which the media
  // playback has reached. i.e. this returns values in the range
  // [mStartTime, mEndTime], and mStartTime will not be 0 if the media does
  // not start at 0. Note this is different to the value returned
  // by GetCurrentTime(), which is in the range [0,duration].
  PRInt64 GetMediaTime() const {
    mDecoder->GetReentrantMonitor().AssertCurrentThreadIn();
    return mStartTime + mCurrentFrameTime;
  }

  // Returns an upper bound on the number of microseconds of audio that is
  // decoded and playable. This is the sum of the number of usecs of audio which
  // is decoded and in the reader's audio queue, and the usecs of unplayed audio
  // which has been pushed to the audio hardware for playback. Note that after
  // calling this, the audio hardware may play some of the audio pushed to
  // hardware, so this can only be used as a upper bound. The decoder monitor
  // must be held when calling this. Called on the decode thread.
  PRInt64 GetDecodedAudioDuration();

  // Load metadata. Called on the decode thread. The decoder monitor
  // must be held with exactly one lock count.
  nsresult DecodeMetadata();

  // Seeks to mSeekTarget. Called on the decode thread. The decoder monitor
  // must be held with exactly one lock count.
  void DecodeSeek();

  // Decode loop, decodes data until EOF or shutdown.
  // Called on the decode thread.
  void DecodeLoop();

  // Decode thread run function. Determines which of the Decode*() functions
  // to call.
  void DecodeThreadRun();

  // State machine thread run function. Defers to RunStateMachine().
  nsresult CallRunStateMachine();

  // Performs one "cycle" of the state machine. Polls the state, and may send
  // a video frame to be displayed, and generally manages the decode. Called
  // periodically via timer to ensure the video stays in sync.
  nsresult RunStateMachine();

  PRBool IsStateMachineScheduled() const {
    mDecoder->GetReentrantMonitor().AssertCurrentThreadIn();
    return !mTimeout.IsNull() || mRunAgain;
  }

  // Returns PR_TRUE if we're not playing and the decode thread has filled its
  // decode buffers and is waiting. We can shut the decode thread down in this
  // case as it may not be needed again.
  PRBool IsPausedAndDecoderWaiting();

  // The size of the decoded YCbCr frame.
  // Accessed on state machine thread.
  PRUint32 mCbCrSize;

  // Accessed on state machine thread.
  nsAutoArrayPtr<unsigned char> mCbCrBuffer;

  // Thread for pushing audio onto the audio hardware.
  // The "audio push thread".
  nsCOMPtr<nsIThread> mAudioThread;

  // Thread for decoding video in background. The "decode thread".
  nsCOMPtr<nsIThread> mDecodeThread;

  // Timer to call the state machine Run() method. Used by
  // ScheduleStateMachine(). Access protected by decoder monitor.
  nsCOMPtr<nsITimer> mTimer;

  // Timestamp at which the next state machine Run() method will be called.
  // If this is non-null, a call to Run() is scheduled, either by a timer,
  // or via an event. Access protected by decoder monitor.
  TimeStamp mTimeout;

  // The time that playback started from the system clock. This is used for
  // timing the presentation of video frames when there's no audio.
  // Accessed only via the state machine thread.
  TimeStamp mPlayStartTime;

  // The amount of time we've spent playing already the media. The current
  // playback position is therefore |Now() - mPlayStartTime +
  // mPlayDuration|, which must be adjusted by mStartTime if used with media
  // timestamps.  Accessed only via the state machine thread.
  PRInt64 mPlayDuration;

  // Time that buffering started. Used for buffering timeout and only
  // accessed on the state machine thread. This is null while we're not
  // buffering.
  TimeStamp mBufferingStart;

  // Start time of the media, in microseconds. This is the presentation
  // time of the first sample decoded from the media, and is used to calculate
  // duration and as a bounds for seeking. Accessed on state machine, decode,
  // and main threads. Access controlled by decoder monitor.
  PRInt64 mStartTime;

  // Time of the last page in the media, in microseconds. This is the
  // end time of the last sample in the media. Accessed on state
  // machine, decode, and main threads. Access controlled by decoder monitor.
  PRInt64 mEndTime;

  // Position to seek to in microseconds when the seek state transition occurs.
  // The decoder monitor lock must be obtained before reading or writing
  // this value. Accessed on main and decode thread.
  PRInt64 mSeekTime;

  // The audio stream resource. Used on the state machine, and audio threads.
  // This is created and destroyed on the audio thread, while holding the
  // decoder monitor, so if this is used off the audio thread, you must
  // first acquire the decoder monitor and check that it is non-null.
  nsRefPtr<nsAudioStream> mAudioStream;

  // The reader, don't call its methods with the decoder monitor held.
  // This is created in the play state machine's constructor, and destroyed
  // in the play state machine's destructor.
  nsAutoPtr<nsBuiltinDecoderReader> mReader;

  // The time of the current frame in microseconds. This is referenced from
  // 0 which is the initial playback position. Set by the state machine
  // thread, and read-only from the main thread to get the current
  // time value. Synchronised via decoder monitor.
  PRInt64 mCurrentFrameTime;

  // The presentation time of the first audio sample that was played in
  // microseconds. We can add this to the audio stream position to determine
  // the current audio time. Accessed on audio and state machine thread.
  // Synchronized by decoder monitor.
  PRInt64 mAudioStartTime;

  // The end time of the last audio sample that's been pushed onto the audio
  // hardware in microseconds. This will approximately be the end time of the
  // audio stream, unless another sample is pushed to the hardware.
  PRInt64 mAudioEndTime;

  // The presentation end time of the last video frame which has been displayed
  // in microseconds. Accessed from the state machine thread.
  PRInt64 mVideoFrameEndTime;
  
  // Volume of playback. 0.0 = muted. 1.0 = full volume. Read/Written
  // from the state machine and main threads. Synchronised via decoder
  // monitor.
  double mVolume;

  // Time at which we started decoding. Synchronised via decoder monitor.
  TimeStamp mDecodeStartTime;

  // PR_TRUE if the media resource can be seeked. Accessed from the state
  // machine and main threads. Synchronised via decoder monitor.
  PRPackedBool mSeekable;

  // PR_TRUE if an event to notify about a change in the playback
  // position has been queued, but not yet run. It is set to PR_FALSE when
  // the event is run. This allows coalescing of these events as they can be
  // produced many times per second. Synchronised via decoder monitor.
  // Accessed on main and state machine threads.
  PRPackedBool mPositionChangeQueued;

  // PR_TRUE if the audio playback thread has finished. It is finished
  // when either all the audio samples in the Vorbis bitstream have completed
  // playing, or we've moved into shutdown state, and the threads are to be
  // destroyed. Written by the audio playback thread and read and written by
  // the state machine thread. Synchronised via decoder monitor.
  PRPackedBool mAudioCompleted;

  // PR_TRUE if mDuration has a value obtained from an HTTP header, or from
  // the media index/metadata. Accessed on the state machine thread.
  PRPackedBool mGotDurationFromMetaData;
    
  // PR_FALSE while decode thread should be running. Accessed state machine
  // and decode threads. Syncrhonised by decoder monitor.
  PRPackedBool mStopDecodeThread;

  // PR_TRUE when the decode thread run function has finished, but the thread
  // has not necessarily been shut down yet. This can happen if we switch
  // from COMPLETED state to SEEKING before the state machine has a chance
  // to run in the COMPLETED state and shutdown the decode thread.
  // Synchronised by the decoder monitor.
  PRPackedBool mDecodeThreadIdle;

  // PR_FALSE while audio thread should be running. Accessed state machine
  // and audio threads. Syncrhonised by decoder monitor.
  PRPackedBool mStopAudioThread;

  // If this is PR_TRUE while we're in buffering mode, we can exit early,
  // as it's likely we may be able to playback. This happens when we enter
  // buffering mode soon after the decode starts, because the decode-ahead
  // ran fast enough to exhaust all data while the download is starting up.
  // Synchronised via decoder monitor.
  PRPackedBool mQuickBuffering;

  // PR_TRUE if the shared state machine thread is currently running this
  // state machine.
  PRPackedBool mIsRunning;

  // PR_TRUE if we should run the state machine again once the current
  // state machine run has finished.
  PRPackedBool mRunAgain;

  // PR_TRUE if we've dispatched an event to run the state machine. It's
  // imperative that we don't dispatch multiple events to run the state
  // machine at the same time, as our code assume all events are synchronous.
  // If we dispatch multiple events, the second event can run while the
  // first is shutting down a thread, causing inconsistent state.
  PRPackedBool mDispatchedRunEvent;

  // PR_TRUE if the decode thread has gone filled its buffers and is now
  // waiting to be awakened before it continues decoding. Synchronized
  // by the decoder monitor.
  PRPackedBool mDecodeThreadWaiting;

private:
  // Manager for queuing and dispatching MozAudioAvailable events.  The
  // event manager is accessed from the state machine and audio threads,
  // and takes care of synchronizing access to its internal queue.
  nsAudioAvailableEventManager mEventManager;

  // Stores presentation info required for playback. The decoder monitor
  // must be held when accessing this.
  nsVideoInfo mInfo;
};

#endif