diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 59226f8c..bb2ad09c 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -8,6 +8,17 @@ version = "1.0.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f26201604c87b1e01bd3d98f8d5d9a8fcbb815e8cedb41ffccbeb4bf593a35fe"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ahash"
+version = "0.7.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fcb51a0695d8f838b1ee009b3fbf66bda078cd64590202a864a8f3e8c4315c47"
+dependencies = [
+ "getrandom 0.2.8",
+ "once_cell",
+ "version_check",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "aho-corasick"
 version = "0.7.20"
@@ -97,6 +108,19 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures-core",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "async-compat"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9b48b4ff0c2026db683dea961cd8ea874737f56cffca86fa84415eaddc51c00d"
+dependencies = [
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-io",
+ "once_cell",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "tokio",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "async-lock"
 version = "2.6.0"
@@ -136,330 +160,15 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d468802bab17cbc0cc575e9b053f41e72aa36bfa6b7f55e3529ffa43161b97fa"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "aws-config"
-version = "0.51.0"
+name = "backon"
+version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "56a636c44c77fa18bdba56126a34d30cfe5538fe88f7d34988fa731fee143ddd"
+checksum = "6cd1a59bc091e593ee9ed62df4e4a07115e00a0e0a52fd7e0e04540773939b80"
 dependencies = [
- "aws-http",
- "aws-sdk-sso",
- "aws-sdk-sts",
- "aws-smithy-async",
- "aws-smithy-client",
- "aws-smithy-http",
- "aws-smithy-http-tower",
- "aws-smithy-json",
- "aws-smithy-types",
- "aws-types",
- "bytes",
- "hex",
- "http",
- "hyper",
- "ring",
- "time 0.3.17",
+ "futures",
+ "pin-project",
+ "rand 0.8.5",
  "tokio",
- "tower",
- "tracing",
- "zeroize",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "aws-endpoint"
-version = "0.51.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6ca8f374874f6459aaa88dc861d7f5d834ca1ff97668eae190e97266b5f6c3fb"
-dependencies = [
- "aws-smithy-http",
- "aws-smithy-types",
- "aws-types",
- "http",
- "regex",
- "tracing",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "aws-http"
-version = "0.51.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "78d41e19e779b73463f5f0c21b3aacc995f4ba783ab13a7ae9f5dfb159a551b4"
-dependencies = [
- "aws-smithy-http",
- "aws-smithy-types",
- "aws-types",
- "bytes",
- "http",
- "http-body",
- "lazy_static",
- "percent-encoding",
- "pin-project-lite",
- "tracing",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "aws-sdk-s3"
-version = "0.21.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a9f08665c8e03aca8cb092ef01e617436ebfa977fddc1240e1b062488ab5d48a"
-dependencies = [
- "aws-endpoint",
- "aws-http",
- "aws-sig-auth",
- "aws-sigv4",
- "aws-smithy-async",
- "aws-smithy-checksums",
- "aws-smithy-client",
- "aws-smithy-eventstream",
- "aws-smithy-http",
- "aws-smithy-http-tower",
- "aws-smithy-types",
- "aws-smithy-xml",
- "aws-types",
- "bytes",
- "bytes-utils",
- "http",
- "http-body",
- "tokio-stream",
- "tower",
- "tracing",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "aws-sdk-sso"
-version = "0.21.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "86dcb1cb71aa8763b327542ead410424515cff0cde5b753eedd2917e09c63734"
-dependencies = [
- "aws-endpoint",
- "aws-http",
- "aws-sig-auth",
- "aws-smithy-async",
- "aws-smithy-client",
- "aws-smithy-http",
- "aws-smithy-http-tower",
- "aws-smithy-json",
- "aws-smithy-types",
- "aws-types",
- "bytes",
- "http",
- "tokio-stream",
- "tower",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "aws-sdk-sts"
-version = "0.21.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fdfcf584297c666f6b472d5368a78de3bc714b6e0a53d7fbf76c3e347c292ab1"
-dependencies = [
- "aws-endpoint",
- "aws-http",
- "aws-sig-auth",
- "aws-smithy-async",
- "aws-smithy-client",
- "aws-smithy-http",
- "aws-smithy-http-tower",
- "aws-smithy-query",
- "aws-smithy-types",
- "aws-smithy-xml",
- "aws-types",
- "bytes",
- "http",
- "tower",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "aws-sig-auth"
-version = "0.51.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "12cbe7b2be9e185c1fbce27fc9c41c66b195b32d89aa099f98768d9544221308"
-dependencies = [
- "aws-sigv4",
- "aws-smithy-eventstream",
- "aws-smithy-http",
- "aws-types",
- "http",
- "tracing",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "aws-sigv4"
-version = "0.51.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "03ff4cff8c4a101962d593ba94e72cd83891aecd423f0c6e3146bff6fb92c9e3"
-dependencies = [
- "aws-smithy-eventstream",
- "aws-smithy-http",
- "bytes",
- "form_urlencoded",
- "hex",
- "http",
- "once_cell",
- "percent-encoding",
- "regex",
- "ring",
- "time 0.3.17",
- "tracing",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "aws-smithy-async"
-version = "0.51.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7b3442b4c5d3fc39891a2e5e625735fba6b24694887d49c6518460fde98247a9"
-dependencies = [
- "futures-util",
- "pin-project-lite",
- "tokio",
- "tokio-stream",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "aws-smithy-checksums"
-version = "0.51.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cc227e36e346f45298288359f37123e1a92628d1cec6b11b5eb335553278bd9e"
-dependencies = [
- "aws-smithy-http",
- "aws-smithy-types",
- "bytes",
- "crc32c",
- "crc32fast",
- "hex",
- "http",
- "http-body",
- "md-5",
- "pin-project-lite",
- "sha1",
- "sha2",
- "tracing",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "aws-smithy-client"
-version = "0.51.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ff28d553714f8f54cd921227934fc13a536a1c03f106e56b362fd57e16d450ad"
-dependencies = [
- "aws-smithy-async",
- "aws-smithy-http",
- "aws-smithy-http-tower",
- "aws-smithy-types",
- "bytes",
- "fastrand",
- "http",
- "http-body",
- "hyper",
- "hyper-rustls",
- "lazy_static",
- "pin-project-lite",
- "tokio",
- "tower",
- "tracing",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "aws-smithy-eventstream"
-version = "0.51.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d7ea0df7161ce65b5c8ca6eb709a1a907376fa18226976e41c748ce02ccccf24"
-dependencies = [
- "aws-smithy-types",
- "bytes",
- "crc32fast",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "aws-smithy-http"
-version = "0.51.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bf58ed4fefa61dbf038e5421a521cbc2c448ef69deff0ab1d915d8a10eda5664"
-dependencies = [
- "aws-smithy-eventstream",
- "aws-smithy-types",
- "bytes",
- "bytes-utils",
- "futures-core",
- "http",
- "http-body",
- "hyper",
- "once_cell",
- "percent-encoding",
- "pin-project-lite",
- "pin-utils",
- "tokio",
- "tokio-util",
- "tracing",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "aws-smithy-http-tower"
-version = "0.51.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "20c96d7bd35e7cf96aca1134b2f81b1b59ffe493f7c6539c051791cbbf7a42d3"
-dependencies = [
- "aws-smithy-http",
- "bytes",
- "http",
- "http-body",
- "pin-project-lite",
- "tower",
- "tracing",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "aws-smithy-json"
-version = "0.51.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d8324ba98c8a94187723cc16c37aefa09504646ee65c3d2c3af495bab5ea701b"
-dependencies = [
- "aws-smithy-types",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "aws-smithy-query"
-version = "0.51.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "83834ed2ff69ea6f6657baf205267dc2c0abe940703503a3e5d60ce23be3d306"
-dependencies = [
- "aws-smithy-types",
- "urlencoding",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "aws-smithy-types"
-version = "0.51.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8b02e06ea63498c43bc0217ea4d16605d4e58d85c12fc23f6572ff6d0a840c61"
-dependencies = [
- "itoa",
- "num-integer",
- "ryu",
- "time 0.3.17",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "aws-smithy-xml"
-version = "0.51.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "246e9f83dd1fdf5d347fa30ae4ad30a9d1d42ce4cd74a93d94afa874646f94cd"
-dependencies = [
- "xmlparser",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "aws-types"
-version = "0.51.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "05701d32da168b44f7ee63147781aed8723e792cc131cb9b18363b5393f17f70"
-dependencies = [
- "aws-smithy-async",
- "aws-smithy-client",
- "aws-smithy-http",
- "aws-smithy-types",
- "http",
- "rustc_version",
- "tracing",
- "zeroize",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -477,6 +186,25 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "bincode"
+version = "2.0.0-rc.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7bb50c5a2ef4b9b1e7ae73e3a73b52ea24b20312d629f9c4df28260b7ad2c3c4"
+dependencies = [
+ "bincode_derive",
+ "serde",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bincode_derive"
+version = "2.0.0-rc.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0a45a23389446d2dd25dc8e73a7a3b3c43522b630cac068927f0649d43d719d2"
+dependencies = [
+ "virtue",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "bitflags"
 version = "1.3.2"
@@ -558,16 +286,6 @@ version = "1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c4872d67bab6358e59559027aa3b9157c53d9358c51423c17554809a8858e0f8"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "bytes-utils"
-version = "0.1.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1934a3ef9cac8efde4966a92781e77713e1ba329f1d42e446c7d7eba340d8ef1"
-dependencies = [
- "bytes",
- "either",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "cache-padded"
 version = "1.2.0"
@@ -732,15 +450,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "crc32c"
-version = "0.6.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3dfea2db42e9927a3845fb268a10a72faed6d416065f77873f05e411457c363e"
-dependencies = [
- "rustc_version",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "crc32fast"
 version = "1.3.2"
@@ -837,6 +546,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "dirs-sys",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "dirs"
+version = "4.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ca3aa72a6f96ea37bbc5aa912f6788242832f75369bdfdadcb0e38423f100059"
+dependencies = [
+ "dirs-sys",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "dirs-sys"
 version = "0.3.7"
@@ -859,6 +577,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "dlv-list"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0688c2a7f92e427f44895cd63841bff7b29f8d7a1648b9e7e07a4a365b2e1257"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "doc-comment"
 version = "0.3.3"
@@ -950,6 +674,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys 0.42.0",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "flagset"
+version = "0.4.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cda653ca797810c02f7ca4b804b40b8b95ae046eb989d356bce17919a8c25499"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "flate2"
 version = "1.0.25"
@@ -1235,6 +965,9 @@ name = "hashbrown"
 version = "0.12.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "8a9ee70c43aaf417c914396645a0fa852624801b24ebb7ae78fe8272889ac888"
+dependencies = [
+ "ahash",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "heck"
@@ -1379,9 +1112,7 @@ checksum = "59df7c4e19c950e6e0e868dcc0a300b09a9b88e9ec55bd879ca819087a77355d"
 dependencies = [
  "http",
  "hyper",
- "log",
  "rustls",
- "rustls-native-certs",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-rustls",
 ]
@@ -1845,6 +1576,39 @@ version = "1.16.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "86f0b0d4bf799edbc74508c1e8bf170ff5f41238e5f8225603ca7caaae2b7860"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "opendal"
+version = "0.22.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "23c49b040a9a4357d22f0b5f637214ab759d8e19fea2d90f42844ac44249ea5b"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "async-compat",
+ "async-trait",
+ "backon",
+ "base64",
+ "bincode 2.0.0-rc.2",
+ "bytes",
+ "flagset",
+ "futures",
+ "http",
+ "log",
+ "md-5",
+ "once_cell",
+ "parking_lot",
+ "percent-encoding",
+ "pin-project",
+ "quick-xml",
+ "reqsign",
+ "reqwest",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "time 0.3.17",
+ "tokio",
+ "ureq",
+ "uuid",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "openssl"
 version = "0.10.43"
@@ -1890,6 +1654,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "vcpkg",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ordered-multimap"
+version = "0.4.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ccd746e37177e1711c20dd619a1620f34f5c8b569c53590a72dedd5344d8924a"
+dependencies = [
+ "dlv-list",
+ "hashbrown",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "os_str_bytes"
 version = "6.4.1"
@@ -2067,6 +1841,16 @@ version = "1.2.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a1d01941d82fa2ab50be1e79e6714289dd7cde78eba4c074bc5a4374f650dfe0"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "quick-xml"
+version = "0.26.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7f50b1c63b38611e7d4d7f68b82d3ad0cc71a2ad2e7f61fc10f1328d917c93cd"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+ "serde",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "quote"
 version = "1.0.21"
@@ -2220,6 +2004,35 @@ dependencies = [
  "winapi",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "reqsign"
+version = "0.6.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2d544686c7cb5a31f085ae9f5c4e40a30dcba72d0b1d77656329dc4f90433cd6"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "backon",
+ "base64",
+ "bytes",
+ "dirs",
+ "form_urlencoded",
+ "hex",
+ "hmac",
+ "http",
+ "jsonwebtoken",
+ "log",
+ "once_cell",
+ "percent-encoding",
+ "quick-xml",
+ "rust-ini",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "sha1",
+ "sha2",
+ "time 0.3.17",
+ "ureq",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "reqwest"
 version = "0.11.13"
@@ -2235,6 +2048,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "http",
  "http-body",
  "hyper",
+ "hyper-rustls",
  "hyper-tls",
  "ipnet",
  "js-sys",
@@ -2245,11 +2059,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "percent-encoding",
  "pin-project-lite",
+ "rustls",
+ "rustls-native-certs",
+ "rustls-pemfile",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "serde_urlencoded",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-native-tls",
+ "tokio-rustls",
  "tokio-util",
  "tower-service",
  "url",
@@ -2387,12 +2205,13 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "rustc_version"
-version = "0.4.0"
+name = "rust-ini"
+version = "0.18.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bfa0f585226d2e68097d4f95d113b15b83a82e819ab25717ec0590d9584ef366"
+checksum = "f6d5f2436026b4f6e79dc829837d467cc7e9a55ee40e750d716713540715a2df"
 dependencies = [
- "semver 1.0.14",
+ "cfg-if 1.0.0",
+ "ordered-multimap",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2486,12 +2305,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "assert_cmd",
  "async-trait",
  "atty",
- "aws-config",
- "aws-sdk-s3",
- "aws-sig-auth",
- "aws-smithy-client",
  "base64",
- "bincode",
+ "bincode 1.3.3",
  "blake3",
  "byteorder",
  "bytes",
@@ -2526,6 +2341,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "num_cpus",
  "number_prefix",
  "once_cell",
+ "opendal",
  "openssl",
  "parity-tokio-ipc",
  "percent-encoding",
@@ -2548,6 +2364,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "tar",
  "tempfile",
  "thirtyfour_sync",
+ "time 0.3.17",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-serde",
  "tokio-util",
@@ -3142,17 +2959,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "pin-project",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "tokio-stream"
-version = "0.1.11"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d660770404473ccd7bc9f8b28494a811bc18542b915c0855c51e8f419d5223ce"
-dependencies = [
- "futures-core",
- "pin-project-lite",
- "tokio",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio-util"
 version = "0.7.3"
@@ -3182,11 +2988,6 @@ version = "0.4.13"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b8fa9be0de6cf49e536ce1851f987bd21a43b771b09473c3549a6c853db37c1c"
 dependencies = [
- "futures-core",
- "futures-util",
- "pin-project",
- "pin-project-lite",
- "tokio",
  "tower-layer",
  "tower-service",
  "tracing",
@@ -3304,6 +3105,23 @@ version = "0.7.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a156c684c91ea7d62626509bce3cb4e1d9ed5c4d978f7b4352658f96a4c26b4a"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ureq"
+version = "2.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b97acb4c28a254fd7a4aeec976c46a7fa404eac4d7c134b30c75144846d7cb8f"
+dependencies = [
+ "base64",
+ "chunked_transfer",
+ "log",
+ "once_cell",
+ "rustls",
+ "rustls-native-certs",
+ "url",
+ "webpki",
+ "webpki-roots",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "url"
 version = "2.3.0"
@@ -3316,12 +3134,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "urlencoding"
-version = "2.1.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e8db7427f936968176eaa7cdf81b7f98b980b18495ec28f1b5791ac3bfe3eea9"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "urlparse"
 version = "0.7.3"
@@ -3341,6 +3153,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "422ee0de9031b5b948b97a8fc04e3aa35230001a722ddd27943e0be31564ce4c"
 dependencies = [
  "getrandom 0.2.8",
+ "serde",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3361,6 +3174,12 @@ version = "0.9.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "49874b5167b65d7193b8aba1567f5c7d93d001cafc34600cee003eda787e483f"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "virtue"
+version = "0.0.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7b60dcd6a64dd45abf9bd426970c9843726da7fc08f44cd6fcebf68c21220a63"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "void"
 version = "1.0.2"
@@ -3522,6 +3341,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "untrusted",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "webpki-roots"
+version = "0.22.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "368bfe657969fb01238bb756d351dcade285e0f6fcbd36dcb23359a5169975be"
+dependencies = [
+ "webpki",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "which"
 version = "4.3.0"
@@ -3704,12 +3532,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "xmlparser"
-version = "0.13.5"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4d25c75bf9ea12c4040a97f829154768bbbce366287e2dc044af160cd79a13fd"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "zeroize"
 version = "1.5.7"
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 48a2a7fd..57c704d3 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ bincode = "1"
 blake3 = "1"
 byteorder = "1.0"
 bytes = "1"
+opendal = { version= "0.22", optional=true }
 chrono = { version = "0.4.23", optional = true }
 clap = { version = "3.2.22", features = ["derive", "env", "wrap_help"] }
 directories = "4.0.1"
@@ -72,6 +73,7 @@ tokio = { version = "1", features = ["rt-multi-thread", "io-util", "time", "net"
 tokio-serde = "0.8"
 tokio-util = { version = "0.7", features = ["codec", "io"] }
 tower = "0.4"
+time = "0.3.15"
 toml = "0.5"
 url = { version = "2", optional = true }
 uuid = { version = "1.2", features = ["v4"] }
@@ -90,11 +92,6 @@ syslog = { version = "6", optional = true }
 void = { version = "1", optional = true }
 version-compare = { version = "0.1.1", optional = true }
 
-aws-config = { version = "0.51", optional = true }
-aws-sdk-s3 = { version = "0.21", optional = true }
-aws-smithy-client = { version = "0.51", features = ["rustls"], optional = true }
-aws-sig-auth = { version = "0.51", optional = true }
-
 [dev-dependencies]
 assert_cmd = "=2.0.7"
 cc = "1.0"
@@ -125,7 +122,7 @@ features = [
 default = ["all"]
 all = ["dist-client", "redis", "s3", "memcached", "gcs", "azure", "gha"]
 azure = ["chrono", "hyper", "hyperx", "reqwest", "url", "hmac", "md-5", "sha2"]
-s3 = ["aws-config", "aws-sdk-s3", "aws-smithy-client", "aws-sig-auth"]
+s3 = ["opendal"]
 gcs = ["chrono", "hyper", "hyperx", "percent-encoding", "reqwest", "ring", "url"]
 gha = ["gha-toolkit"]
 memcached = ["memcached-rs"]
diff --git a/src/cache/s3.rs b/src/cache/s3.rs
index 81c16d1c..c2638287 100644
--- a/src/cache/s3.rs
+++ b/src/cache/s3.rs
@@ -10,13 +10,8 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use aws_config::meta::region::RegionProviderChain;
-use aws_sdk_s3::middleware::DefaultMiddleware;
-use aws_sdk_s3::operation::{GetObject, PutObject};
-use aws_sdk_s3::output::{GetObjectOutput, PutObjectOutput};
-use aws_sdk_s3::{Config, Endpoint, Region};
-use aws_sig_auth::signer::{OperationSigningConfig, SigningRequirements};
-use aws_smithy_client::erase::DynConnector;
+use opendal::services::s3;
+use opendal::Operator;
 
 use crate::cache::{Cache, CacheRead, CacheWrite, Storage};
 use std::convert::TryInto;
@@ -26,9 +21,7 @@ use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 use crate::errors::*;
 
 pub struct S3Cache {
-    client: S3Client,
-    no_credentials: bool,
-    key_prefix: String,
+    client: Operator,
 }
 
 impl S3Cache {
@@ -40,10 +33,21 @@ impl S3Cache {
         endpoint: Option<&str>,
         use_ssl: Option<bool>,
     ) -> Result<S3Cache> {
+        let mut builder = s3::Builder::default();
+        builder.bucket(bucket);
+        if let Some(region) = region {
+            builder.region(region);
+        }
+        builder.root(key_prefix);
+        if no_credentials {
+            builder.disable_credential_loader();
+        }
+        if let Some(endpoint) = endpoint {
+            builder.endpoint(&endpoint_resolver(endpoint, use_ssl)?);
+        }
+
         Ok(S3Cache {
-            key_prefix: key_prefix.to_owned(),
-            no_credentials,
-            client: S3Client::new(bucket, region, endpoint, use_ssl).await?,
+            client: builder.build()?.into(),
         })
     }
 }
@@ -51,14 +55,9 @@ impl S3Cache {
 #[async_trait]
 impl Storage for S3Cache {
     async fn get(&self, key: &str) -> Result<Cache> {
-        let response = self
-            .client
-            .get_object(&normalize_key(&self.key_prefix, key), self.no_credentials)
-            .await;
-
-        match response {
+        match self.client.object(&normalize_key(key)).read().await {
             Ok(res) => {
-                let hit = CacheRead::from(io::Cursor::new(res.body.collect().await?.into_bytes()))?;
+                let hit = CacheRead::from(io::Cursor::new(res))?;
                 Ok(Cache::Hit(hit))
             }
             Err(e) => {
@@ -72,14 +71,15 @@ impl Storage for S3Cache {
         let start = Instant::now();
 
         self.client
-            .put_object(&normalize_key(&self.key_prefix, key), entry.finish()?)
+            .object(&normalize_key(key))
+            .write(entry.finish()?)
             .await?;
 
         Ok(start.elapsed())
     }
 
     fn location(&self) -> String {
-        format!("S3, bucket: {}", self.client.bucket)
+        format!("S3, bucket: {}", self.client.metadata().name())
     }
 
     async fn current_size(&self) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
@@ -91,19 +91,15 @@ impl Storage for S3Cache {
     }
 }
 
-fn normalize_key(prefix: &str, key: &str) -> String {
-    format!(
-        "{}{}/{}/{}/{}",
-        prefix,
-        &key[0..1],
-        &key[1..2],
-        &key[2..3],
-        &key
-    )
+fn normalize_key(key: &str) -> String {
+    format!("{}/{}/{}/{}", &key[0..1], &key[1..2], &key[2..3], &key)
 }
 
-fn endpoint_resolver(endpoint: &str, use_ssl: Option<bool>) -> Endpoint {
-    let endpoint_uri: http::Uri = endpoint.try_into().unwrap();
+/// Resolve given endpoint along with use_ssl settings.
+fn endpoint_resolver(endpoint: &str, use_ssl: Option<bool>) -> Result<String> {
+    let endpoint_uri: http::Uri = endpoint
+        .try_into()
+        .map_err(|err| anyhow!("input endpoint {endpoint} is invalid: {:?}", err))?;
     let mut parts = endpoint_uri.into_parts();
     match use_ssl {
         Some(true) => {
@@ -122,78 +118,8 @@ fn endpoint_resolver(endpoint: &str, use_ssl: Option<bool>) -> Endpoint {
     if parts.path_and_query.is_none() {
         parts.path_and_query = Some(http::uri::PathAndQuery::from_static("/"));
     }
-    Endpoint::mutable(http::Uri::from_parts(parts).unwrap())
-}
 
-struct S3Client {
-    client: aws_smithy_client::Client<DynConnector, DefaultMiddleware>,
-    bucket: String,
-    config: Config,
-}
-
-impl S3Client {
-    async fn new(
-        bucket: &str,
-        region: Option<&str>,
-        endpoint: Option<&str>,
-        use_ssl: Option<bool>,
-    ) -> Result<S3Client> {
-        let region_provider =
-            RegionProviderChain::first_try(region.map(|r| Region::new(r.to_owned())))
-                .or_default_provider();
-
-        let shared_config = aws_config::from_env().region(region_provider).load().await;
-        let mut builder = aws_sdk_s3::config::Builder::from(&shared_config);
-        if let Some(endpoint) = endpoint {
-            builder = builder.endpoint_resolver(endpoint_resolver(endpoint, use_ssl));
-        }
-        let config = builder.build();
-
-        // Keep the client around for connection reuse
-        let client = aws_smithy_client::Builder::new()
-            .dyn_https_connector(
-                aws_smithy_client::http_connector::ConnectorSettings::builder().build(),
-            )
-            .middleware(DefaultMiddleware::new())
-            .build();
-
-        Ok(S3Client {
-            client,
-            bucket: bucket.to_owned(),
-            config,
-        })
-    }
-
-    async fn get_object(&self, key: &str, no_credentials: bool) -> Result<GetObjectOutput> {
-        let mut op = GetObject::builder()
-            .bucket(&self.bucket)
-            .key(key)
-            .build()
-            .unwrap()
-            .make_operation(&self.config)
-            .await?;
-
-        if no_credentials {
-            let mut signing_config = OperationSigningConfig::default_config();
-            signing_config.signing_requirements = SigningRequirements::Disabled;
-            op.properties_mut().insert(signing_config);
-        }
-
-        Ok(self.client.call(op).await?)
-    }
-
-    async fn put_object(&self, key: &str, data: Vec<u8>) -> Result<PutObjectOutput> {
-        let op = PutObject::builder()
-            .bucket(&self.bucket)
-            .key(key)
-            .body(data.into())
-            .build()
-            .unwrap()
-            .make_operation(&self.config)
-            .await?;
-
-        Ok(self.client.call(op).await?)
-    }
+    Ok(http::Uri::from_parts(parts)?.to_string())
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -203,24 +129,75 @@ mod test {
     #[test]
     fn test_normalize_key() {
         assert_eq!(
-            normalize_key("prefix", "0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef"),
-            "prefix0/1/2/0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef"
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            normalize_key("prefix/", "0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef"),
-            "prefix/0/1/2/0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef"
+            normalize_key("0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef"),
+            "0/1/2/0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef"
         );
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_endpoint_resolver() {
-        let endpoint = endpoint_resolver("s3-us-east-1.amazonaws.com", None);
-        assert_eq!(endpoint.uri().scheme_str(), Some("http"));
+    fn test_endpoint_resolver() -> Result<()> {
+        let cases = vec![
+            (
+                "no scheme without use_ssl",
+                "s3-us-east-1.amazonaws.com",
+                None,
+                "http://s3-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/",
+            ),
+            (
+                "http without use_ssl",
+                "http://s3-us-east-1.amazonaws.com",
+                None,
+                "http://s3-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/",
+            ),
+            (
+                "https without use_ssl",
+                "https://s3-us-east-1.amazonaws.com",
+                None,
+                "https://s3-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/",
+            ),
+            (
+                "no scheme with use_ssl",
+                "s3-us-east-1.amazonaws.com",
+                Some(true),
+                "https://s3-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/",
+            ),
+            (
+                "http with use_ssl",
+                "http://s3-us-east-1.amazonaws.com",
+                Some(true),
+                "https://s3-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/",
+            ),
+            (
+                "https with use_ssl",
+                "https://s3-us-east-1.amazonaws.com",
+                Some(true),
+                "https://s3-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/",
+            ),
+            (
+                "no scheme with not use_ssl",
+                "s3-us-east-1.amazonaws.com",
+                Some(false),
+                "http://s3-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/",
+            ),
+            (
+                "http with not use_ssl",
+                "http://s3-us-east-1.amazonaws.com",
+                Some(false),
+                "http://s3-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/",
+            ),
+            (
+                "https with not use_ssl",
+                "https://s3-us-east-1.amazonaws.com",
+                Some(false),
+                "http://s3-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/",
+            ),
+        ];
 
-        let endpoint = endpoint_resolver("s3-us-east-1.amazonaws.com", Some(true));
-        assert_eq!(endpoint.uri().scheme_str(), Some("https"));
+        for (name, endpoint, use_ssl, expected) in cases {
+            let actual = endpoint_resolver(endpoint, use_ssl)?;
+            assert_eq!(actual, expected, "{}", name);
+        }
 
-        let endpoint = endpoint_resolver("s3-us-east-1.amazonaws.com", Some(false));
-        assert_eq!(endpoint.uri().scheme_str(), Some("http"));
+        Ok(())
     }
 }