diff --git a/Make.config b/Make.config
index 188f42bacf..714074b2ea 100644
--- a/Make.config
+++ b/Make.config
@@ -673,5 +673,8 @@ DOTNET_tvOS_SDK_PLATFORMS=tvsimulator tvos
 DOTNET_macOS_SDK_PLATFORMS=mac
 DOTNET_MacCatalyst_SDK_PLATFORMS=maccatalyst
 
+# A local feed to place test nugets.
+NUGET_TEST_FEED=$(abspath $(TOP)/tests/.nuget/packages)
+
 .SUFFIXES:
 MAKEFLAGS += --no-builtin-rules
diff --git a/tests/dotnet/Makefile b/tests/dotnet/Makefile
index 07f46bb4e1..74ec0d9788 100644
--- a/tests/dotnet/Makefile
+++ b/tests/dotnet/Makefile
@@ -5,10 +5,12 @@ include $(TOP)/Make.config
 # This tells NuGet to use the nupkgs we're building locally,
 # and to put any extracted packages in the 'packages' directory (to not clutter up ~/.nuget/packages)
 NuGet.config: $(TOP)/NuGet.config Makefile
+	$(Q) mkdir -p "$(abspath $(NUGET_TEST_FEED))"
 	$(Q) $(CP) $< $@.tmp
 ifdef CUSTOM_DOTNET
 	$(Q) nuget sources add -Name dev-runtime-feed -Source $(abspath $(DOTNET_RUNTIME_PATH)/artifacts/packages/Release/Shipping) -ConfigFile $@.tmp
 endif
+	$(Q) nuget sources add -Name local-tests-feed -Source $(abspath $(NUGET_TEST_FEED)) -ConfigFile $@.tmp
 	$(Q) nuget config -Set globalPackagesFolder=$(abspath $(CURDIR)/packages) -Config $@.tmp
 	$(Q) nuget config -Set repositorypath=$(abspath $(CURDIR)/packages) -Config $@.tmp
 	$(Q) mv $@.tmp $@
diff --git a/tests/test-libraries/Makefile b/tests/test-libraries/Makefile
index 34adc5835c..9a74356d7c 100644
--- a/tests/test-libraries/Makefile
+++ b/tests/test-libraries/Makefile
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 TOP=../..
 include $(TOP)/Make.config
 
-SUBDIRS += custom-type-assembly frameworks
+SUBDIRS += custom-type-assembly frameworks nugets
 
 # without this many compiler warnings about unused functions and variables
 # in system headers show up.
diff --git a/tests/test-libraries/nugets/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory.csproj b/tests/test-libraries/nugets/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..23761d8615
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test-libraries/nugets/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFramework>netstandard2.0</TargetFramework>
+    <PackageId>Xamarin.Tests.FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory</PackageId>
+    <PackageVersion>1.0.0</PackageVersion>
+    <RepositoryUrl>https://github.com/xamarin/xamarin-macios</RepositoryUrl>
+    <RepositoryBranch>main</RepositoryBranch>
+    <Authors>Microsoft</Authors>
+    <Copyright>© Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.</Copyright>
+    <PackageProjectUrl>https://github.com/xamarin/xamarin-macios</PackageProjectUrl>
+    <RootTestDirectory>../../..</RootTestDirectory>
+    <TestFrameworksDirectory>$(RootTestDirectory)/test-libraries/frameworks</TestFrameworksDirectory>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <Import Project="..\..\..\..\eng\Versions.props" />
+  <!-- Code to automatically create FrameworkList.xml or RuntimeList.xml -->
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.DotNet.Build.Tasks.Feed" Version="$(MicrosoftDotNetBuildTasksFeedPackageVersion)" PrivateAssets="all" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.DotNet.Build.Tasks.Packaging" Version="$(MicrosoftDotNetBuildTasksFeedPackageVersion)" PrivateAssets="all" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.DotNet.Arcade.Sdk" Version="$(MicrosoftDotNetBuildTasksFeedPackageVersion)" PrivateAssets="all" GeneratePathProperty="true" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <Import Project="Sdk.props" Sdk="Microsoft.DotNet.SharedFramework.Sdk" Version="$(MicrosoftDotNetBuildTasksFeedPackageVersion)" />
+  <UsingTask TaskName="CreateFrameworkListFile" AssemblyFile="$(DotNetSharedFrameworkTaskFile)"/>
+  <UsingTask TaskName="GenerateBuildManifest" AssemblyFile="$(_MicrosoftDotNetBuildTasksFeedTaskDir)Microsoft.DotNet.Build.Tasks.Feed.dll" />
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <PackageType>Dependency</PackageType>
+    <IncludeBuildOutput>true</IncludeBuildOutput>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <Target Name="_GenerateFrameworkListFile">
+    <!-- https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/blob/0647ec314948904319da5eb15e9931f7c85ed1e2/src/installer/pkg/projects/Directory.Build.targets#L281 -->
+    <PropertyGroup>
+      <_FrameworkListFile>$(IntermediateOutputPath)data/RuntimeList.xml</_FrameworkListFile>
+      <_PackNativePath>runtimes/$(_RuntimeIdentifier)/native</_PackNativePath>
+    </PropertyGroup>
+    <ItemGroup>
+      <!-- FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory1.framework -->
+      <!-- iOS -->
+      <_PackageFiles Include="$(TestFrameworksDirectory)/.libs/ios-arm64/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory1.framework/*"           IsNative="true" PackagePath="runtimes/ios-arm64/native/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory1.framework/" />
+      <_PackageFiles Include="$(TestFrameworksDirectory)/.libs/ios-arm/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory1.framework/*"             IsNative="true" PackagePath="runtimes/ios-arm/native/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory1.framework/" />
+      <_PackageFiles Include="$(TestFrameworksDirectory)/.libs/iossimulator-x64/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory1.framework/*"    IsNative="true" PackagePath="runtimes/iossimulator-x64/native/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory1.framework/" />
+      <_PackageFiles Include="$(TestFrameworksDirectory)/.libs/iossimulator-x86/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory1.framework/*"    IsNative="true" PackagePath="runtimes/iossimulator-x86/native/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory1.framework/" />
+
+      <!-- tvOS -->
+      <_PackageFiles Include="$(TestFrameworksDirectory)/.libs/tvos-arm64/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory1.framework/*"          IsNative="true" PackagePath="runtimes/tvos-arm64/native/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory1.framework/" />
+      <_PackageFiles Include="$(TestFrameworksDirectory)/.libs/tvossimulator-x64/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory1.framework/*"   IsNative="true" PackagePath="runtimes/tvossimulator-x64/native/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory1.framework/" />
+
+      <!-- macOS -->
+      <_PackageFiles Include="$(TestFrameworksDirectory)/.libs/osx-x64/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory1.framework.zip"           IsNative="true" PackagePath="runtimes/osx-x64/native/" />
+      <_PackageFiles Include="$(TestFrameworksDirectory)/.libs/osx-arm64/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory1.framework.zip"         IsNative="true" PackagePath="runtimes/osx-arm64/native/"  />
+
+      <!-- Mac Catalyst -->
+      <_PackageFiles Include="$(TestFrameworksDirectory)/.libs/maccatalyst-x64/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory1.framework.zip"   IsNative="true" PackagePath="runtimes/maccatalyst-x64/native/" />
+      <_PackageFiles Include="$(TestFrameworksDirectory)/.libs/maccatalyst-arm64/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory1.framework.zip" IsNative="true" PackagePath="runtimes/maccatalyst-arm64/native/" />
+
+      <!-- FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory2.framework -->
+      <!-- iOS -->
+      <_PackageFiles Include="$(TestFrameworksDirectory)/.libs/ios-arm64/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory2.framework/*"           IsNative="true" PackagePath="runtimes/ios-arm64/native/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory2.framework/" />
+      <_PackageFiles Include="$(TestFrameworksDirectory)/.libs/ios-arm/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory2.framework/*"             IsNative="true" PackagePath="runtimes/ios-arm/native/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory2.framework/" />
+      <_PackageFiles Include="$(TestFrameworksDirectory)/.libs/iossimulator-x64/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory2.framework/*"    IsNative="true" PackagePath="runtimes/iossimulator-x64/native/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory2.framework/" />
+      <_PackageFiles Include="$(TestFrameworksDirectory)/.libs/iossimulator-x86/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory2.framework/*"    IsNative="true" PackagePath="runtimes/iossimulator-x86/native/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory2.framework/" />
+
+      <!-- tvOS -->
+      <_PackageFiles Include="$(TestFrameworksDirectory)/.libs/tvos-arm64/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory2.framework/*"          IsNative="true" PackagePath="runtimes/tvos-arm64/native/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory2.framework/" />
+      <_PackageFiles Include="$(TestFrameworksDirectory)/.libs/tvossimulator-x64/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory2.framework/*"   IsNative="true" PackagePath="runtimes/tvossimulator-x64/native/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory2.framework/" />
+
+      <!-- macOS -->
+      <_PackageFiles Include="$(TestFrameworksDirectory)/.libs/osx-x64/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory2.framework.zip"           IsNative="true" PackagePath="runtimes/osx-x64/native/" />
+      <_PackageFiles Include="$(TestFrameworksDirectory)/.libs/osx-arm64/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory2.framework.zip"         IsNative="true" PackagePath="runtimes/osx-arm64/native/"  />
+
+      <!-- Mac Catalyst -->
+      <_PackageFiles Include="$(TestFrameworksDirectory)/.libs/maccatalyst-x64/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory2.framework.zip"   IsNative="true" PackagePath="runtimes/maccatalyst-x64/native/" />
+      <_PackageFiles Include="$(TestFrameworksDirectory)/.libs/maccatalyst-arm64/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory2.framework.zip" IsNative="true" PackagePath="runtimes/maccatalyst-arm64/native/" />
+
+      <!-- Set TargetPath=PackagePath for all files -->
+      <_PackageFiles TargetPath="%(PackagePath)" />
+    </ItemGroup>
+
+    <ItemGroup>
+      <!-- Hardcode framework attributes -->
+      <_FrameworkListRootAttributes Include="Name" Value="Microsoft $(_PlatformName) - NET 6.0" />
+      <_FrameworkListRootAttributes Include="TargetFrameworkIdentifier" Value=".NETCoreApp" />
+      <_FrameworkListRootAttributes Include="TargetFrameworkVersion" Value="6.0" />
+      <_PackageFiles Include="$(_FrameworkListFile)" PackagePath="data" />
+
+      <!-- The CreateFrameworkListFile task will add _PackageFiles to the files to pack, so remove them if they're already there -->
+      <None Remove="@(_PackageFiles)" />
+    </ItemGroup>
+    <!-- https://github.com/dotnet/arcade/blob/5824baf1c9a900ee00c167f96201c750bba6a574/src/Microsoft.DotNet.SharedFramework.Sdk/src/CreateFrameworkListFile.cs -->
+    <CreateFrameworkListFile
+        Files="@(_PackageFiles)"
+        TargetFile="$(_FrameworkListFile)"
+        TargetFilePrefixes="ref;runtimes"
+        RootAttributes="@(_FrameworkListRootAttributes)"
+    />
+  </Target>
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <BeforePack>
+      _GenerateFrameworkListFile;
+      $(BeforePack);
+    </BeforePack>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+</Project>
diff --git a/tests/test-libraries/nugets/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory/Library.cs b/tests/test-libraries/nugets/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory/Library.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b35af8435f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test-libraries/nugets/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory/Library.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory {
+	public static class PInvokes {
+		[DllImport ("@rpath/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory1.framework/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory1")]
+		static extern IntPtr getFrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory1 ();
+
+		public static string GetFrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory1 ()
+		{
+			return Marshal.PtrToStringAuto (getFrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory1 ());
+		}
+
+		[DllImport ("@rpath/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory2.framework/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory2")]
+		static extern IntPtr getFrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory2 ();
+
+		public static string GetFrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory2 ()
+		{
+			return Marshal.PtrToStringAuto (getFrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory2 ());
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tests/test-libraries/nugets/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory/Makefile b/tests/test-libraries/nugets/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4b3198f8b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test-libraries/nugets/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+TOP=../../../..
+include $(TOP)/Make.config
+
+unexport MSBUILD_EXE_PATH
+
+NuGet.config global.json:
+	$(Q) $(MAKE) -C $(TOP)/tests/dotnet $@
+	$(Q) $(CP) $(TOP)/tests/dotnet/$@ .
+
+.libs:
+	$(Q) mkdir -p $@
+
+PACKAGE_ID=$(shell grep PackageId FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory.csproj | sed 's_.*<PackageId>\(.*\)</PackageId>.*_\1_')
+PACKAGE_VERSION=$(shell grep '<PackageVersion>' FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory.csproj | sed 's_.*<PackageVersion>\(.*\)</PackageVersion>.*_\1_')
+
+# Test case for https://github.com/xamarin/xamarin-macios/issues/12440
+.libs/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory.nupkg: FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory.csproj NuGet.config global.json $(wildcard *.cs) | .libs
+	$(Q) mkdir -p $(abspath $(NUGET_TEST_FEED))
+	$(Q_GEN) $(DOTNET6) pack /bl $(DOTNET_PACK_VERBOSITY) $<
+	$(Q) $(CP) bin/Debug/Xamarin.Tests.FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory.$(PACKAGE_VERSION).nupkg $@
+
+INSTALLED_PACKAGE=$(NUGET_TEST_FEED)/xamarin.tests.frameworksinruntimesnativedirectory/$(PACKAGE_VERSION)/xamarin.tests.frameworksinruntimesnativedirectory.$(PACKAGE_VERSION).nupkg
+
+$(INSTALLED_PACKAGE): .libs/FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory.nupkg
+	if test -d $(NUGET_TEST_FEED)/$(PACKAGE_ID)/$(PACKAGE_VERSION); then nuget delete $(PACKAGE_ID) $(PACKAGE_VERSION) -source $(abspath $(NUGET_TEST_FEED)) -NonInteractive || true; fi
+	rm -Rf $(TOP)/tests/dotnet/packages/xamarin.tests.frameworksinruntimesnativedirectory
+	mkdir -p $(abspath $(NUGET_TEST_FEED))
+	nuget add "$<" -source $(abspath $(NUGET_TEST_FEED)) -NonInteractive
+
+all-local:: $(INSTALLED_PACKAGE)
diff --git a/tests/test-libraries/nugets/Makefile b/tests/test-libraries/nugets/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6d296c2019
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test-libraries/nugets/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+TOP=../../..
+SUBDIRS=FrameworksInRuntimesNativeDirectory
+
+include $(TOP)/Make.config