using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Threading;

using CoreAnimation;
using CoreGraphics;
using Foundation;
using OpenTK;
using Metal;
using UIKit;

namespace MyMetalGame
{
	public partial class GameViewController : UIViewController
	{
		struct Uniforms
		{
			public Matrix4 ModelviewProjectionMatrix;
			public Matrix4 NormalMatrix;
		}

		// The max number of command buffers in flight
		const int max_inflight_buffers = 3;

		// Max API memory buffer size
		const int max_bytes_per_frame = 1024 * 1024;

		float[] cubeVertexData = {
			// Data layout for each line below is:
			// positionX, positionY, positionZ,     normalX, normalY, normalZ,
			0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f,   0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,
			-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f,   0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,
			-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,   0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,
			0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,
			0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f,   0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,
			-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,   0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,

			0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,    1.0f, 0.0f,  0.0f,
			0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f,   1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
			0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
			0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f,   1.0f, 0.0f,  0.0f,
			0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,    1.0f, 0.0f,  0.0f,
			0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,

			-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,    0.0f, 1.0f,  0.0f,
			0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,    0.0f, 1.0f,  0.0f,
			0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f,   0.0f, 1.0f,  0.0f,
			-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f,   0.0f, 1.0f,  0.0f,
			-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,    0.0f, 1.0f,  0.0f,
			0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f,   0.0f, 1.0f,  0.0f,

			-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f,  -1.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
			-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,   -1.0f, 0.0f,  0.0f,
			-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f,  -1.0f, 0.0f,  0.0f,
			-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
			-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f,  -1.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
			-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f,  -1.0f, 0.0f,  0.0f,

			0.5f, 0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,  1.0f,
			-0.5f, 0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,  1.0f,
			-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f,   0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
			-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f,   0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
			0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f,   0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
			0.5f, 0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,  1.0f,

			0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,
			-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,   0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,
			-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
			0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
			0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,
			-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f
		};

		// Layer
		CAMetalLayer metalLayer;
		bool layerSizeDidUpdate;
		MTLRenderPassDescriptor renderPassDescriptor;

		// Controller
		CADisplayLink timer;
		Semaphore inflightSemaphore;
		IMTLBuffer dynamicConstantBuffer;
		byte constantDataBufferIndex;

		// Renderer
		IMTLDevice device;
		IMTLCommandQueue commandQueue;
		IMTLLibrary defaultLibrary;
		IMTLRenderPipelineState pipelineState;
		IMTLBuffer vertexBuffer;
		IMTLDepthStencilState depthState;
		IMTLTexture depthTex;

		// Uniforms
		Matrix4 projectionMatrix;
		Matrix4 viewMatrix;
		Uniforms uniformBuffer;
		float rotation;

		public GameViewController (IntPtr handle) : base (handle)
		{
		}

		public override void ViewDidLoad ()
		{
			base.ViewDidLoad ();

			constantDataBufferIndex = 0;
			inflightSemaphore = new Semaphore (max_inflight_buffers, max_inflight_buffers);

			SetupMetal ();
			LoadAssets ();

			timer = CADisplayLink.Create (Gameloop);
			timer.FrameInterval = 1;
			timer.AddToRunLoop (NSRunLoop.Main, NSRunLoop.NSDefaultRunLoopMode);
		}

		public override void DidReceiveMemoryWarning ()
		{
			base.DidReceiveMemoryWarning ();
			// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
		}

		void SetupMetal ()
		{
			// Find a usable device
			device = MTLDevice.SystemDefault;

			// Create a new command queue
			commandQueue = device.CreateCommandQueue ();

			// Load all the shader files with a metal file extension in the project
			NSError error;

			defaultLibrary = device.CreateLibrary ("default.metallib", out error);

			// Setup metal layer and add as sub layer to view
			metalLayer = new CAMetalLayer ();
			metalLayer.Device = device;
			metalLayer.PixelFormat = MTLPixelFormat.BGRA8Unorm;

			// Change this to NO if the compute encoder is used as the last pass on the drawable texture
			metalLayer.FramebufferOnly = true;

			// Add metal layer to the views layer hierarchy
			metalLayer.Frame = View.Layer.Frame;
			View.Layer.AddSublayer (metalLayer);

			View.Opaque = true;
			View.BackgroundColor = null;
			View.ContentScaleFactor = UIScreen.MainScreen.Scale;
		}

		void LoadAssets ()
		{
			// Allocate one region of memory for the uniform buffer
			dynamicConstantBuffer = device.CreateBuffer (max_bytes_per_frame, 0);
			dynamicConstantBuffer.Label = "UniformBuffer";

			// Load the fragment program into the library
			IMTLFunction fragmentProgram = defaultLibrary.CreateFunction ("lighting_fragment");

			// Load the vertex program into the library
			IMTLFunction vertexProgram = defaultLibrary.CreateFunction ("lighting_vertex");

			// Setup the vertex buffers
			vertexBuffer = device.CreateBuffer<float> (cubeVertexData, (MTLResourceOptions)0);
			vertexBuffer.Label = "Vertices";

			// Create a reusable pipeline state
			var pipelineStateDescriptor = new MTLRenderPipelineDescriptor {
				Label = "MyPipeline",
				SampleCount = 1,
				VertexFunction = vertexProgram,
				FragmentFunction = fragmentProgram,
				DepthAttachmentPixelFormat = MTLPixelFormat.Depth32Float
			};

			pipelineStateDescriptor.ColorAttachments [0].PixelFormat = MTLPixelFormat.BGRA8Unorm;

			NSError error;

			pipelineState = device.CreateRenderPipelineState (pipelineStateDescriptor, out error);

			if (pipelineState == null)
				Console.WriteLine ("Failed to created pipeline state, error " + error);

			var depthStateDesc = new MTLDepthStencilDescriptor {
				DepthCompareFunction = MTLCompareFunction.Less,
				DepthWriteEnabled = true
			};
		
			depthState = device.CreateDepthStencilState (depthStateDesc);
		}

		void SetupRenderPassDescriptorForTexture (IMTLTexture texture)
		{
			if (renderPassDescriptor == null)
				renderPassDescriptor = MTLRenderPassDescriptor.CreateRenderPassDescriptor ();

			renderPassDescriptor.ColorAttachments [0].Texture = texture;
			renderPassDescriptor.ColorAttachments [0].LoadAction = MTLLoadAction.Clear;
			renderPassDescriptor.ColorAttachments [0].ClearColor = new MTLClearColor (0.65f, 0.65f, 0.65f, 1.0f);
			renderPassDescriptor.ColorAttachments [0].StoreAction = MTLStoreAction.Store;

			if (depthTex == null || (depthTex.Width != texture.Width || depthTex.Height != texture.Height)) {
				//  If we need a depth texture and don't have one, or if the depth texture we have is the wrong size
				//  Then allocate one of the proper size
				MTLTextureDescriptor desc = MTLTextureDescriptor.CreateTexture2DDescriptor (MTLPixelFormat.Depth32Float, texture.Width, texture.Height, false);
				depthTex = device.CreateTexture (desc);
				depthTex.Label = "Depth";

				renderPassDescriptor.DepthAttachment.Texture = depthTex;
				renderPassDescriptor.DepthAttachment.LoadAction = MTLLoadAction.Clear;
				renderPassDescriptor.DepthAttachment.ClearDepth = 1.0f;
				renderPassDescriptor.DepthAttachment.StoreAction = MTLStoreAction.DontCare;
			}
		}

		void Render ()
		{
			inflightSemaphore.WaitOne ();

			Update ();

			// Create a new command buffer for each renderpass to the current drawable
			IMTLCommandBuffer commandBuffer = commandQueue.CommandBuffer ();
			commandBuffer.Label = "MyCommand";

			// Obtain a drawable texture for this render pass and set up the renderpass descriptor for the command encoder to render into
			ICAMetalDrawable drawable = GetCurrentDrawable ();

			SetupRenderPassDescriptorForTexture (drawable.Texture);

			// Create a render command encoder so we can render into something
			IMTLRenderCommandEncoder renderEncoder = commandBuffer.CreateRenderCommandEncoder (renderPassDescriptor);
			renderEncoder.Label = "MyRenderEncoder";
			renderEncoder.SetDepthStencilState (depthState);

			// Set context state
			renderEncoder.PushDebugGroup ("DrawCube");
			renderEncoder.SetRenderPipelineState (pipelineState);
			renderEncoder.SetVertexBuffer (vertexBuffer, 0, 0);
			renderEncoder.SetVertexBuffer (dynamicConstantBuffer, (nuint)(Marshal.SizeOf (typeof(Uniforms)) * constantDataBufferIndex), 1);

			// Tell the render context we want to draw our primitives
			renderEncoder.DrawPrimitives (MTLPrimitiveType.Triangle, 0, 36, 1);
			renderEncoder.PopDebugGroup ();

			// We're done encoding commands
			renderEncoder.EndEncoding ();

			// Call the view's completion handler which is required by the view since it will signal its semaphore and set up the next buffer
			commandBuffer.AddCompletedHandler (buffer => {
				drawable.Dispose ();
				inflightSemaphore.Release ();
			});
				
			// Schedule a present once the framebuffer is complete
			commandBuffer.PresentDrawable (drawable);

			// Finalize rendering here & push the command buffer to the GPU
			commandBuffer.Commit ();

			// The renderview assumes it can now increment the buffer index and that the previous index won't be touched until we cycle back around to the same index
			constantDataBufferIndex = (byte)((constantDataBufferIndex + 1) % max_inflight_buffers);
		}

		void Reshape ()
		{
			// When reshape is called, update the view and projection matricies since this means the view orientation or size changed
			var aspect = (float)(View.Bounds.Size.Width / View.Bounds.Size.Height);
			projectionMatrix = CreateMatrixFromPerspective (65.0f * ((float)Math.PI / 180.0f), aspect, 0.1f, 100.0f);

			viewMatrix = Matrix4.Identity;
		}

		void Update ()
		{
			var baseModel = Matrix4.Mult (CreateMatrixFromTranslation (0.0f, 0.0f, 5.0f), CreateMatrixFromRotation (rotation, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
			var baseMv = Matrix4.Mult (viewMatrix, baseModel);
			var modelViewMatrix = Matrix4.Mult (baseMv, CreateMatrixFromRotation (rotation, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f));

			uniformBuffer.NormalMatrix = Matrix4.Invert (Matrix4.Transpose (modelViewMatrix));
			uniformBuffer.ModelviewProjectionMatrix = Matrix4.Transpose (Matrix4.Mult (projectionMatrix, modelViewMatrix));

			// Copy uniformBuffer's content into dynamicConstantBuffer.Contents
			int rawsize = Marshal.SizeOf (typeof(Uniforms));
			var rawdata = new byte[rawsize];
			IntPtr ptr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal (rawsize);
			Marshal.StructureToPtr (uniformBuffer, ptr, false);
			Marshal.Copy (ptr, rawdata, 0, rawsize);
			Marshal.FreeHGlobal (ptr);

			Marshal.Copy (rawdata, 0, dynamicConstantBuffer.Contents + rawsize * constantDataBufferIndex, rawsize);

			rotation += 0.01f;
		}

		// The main game loop called by the CADisplayLine timer
		public void Gameloop ()
		{
			if (layerSizeDidUpdate) {
				CGSize drawableSize = View.Bounds.Size;
				drawableSize.Width *= View.ContentScaleFactor;
				drawableSize.Height *= View.ContentScaleFactor;
				metalLayer.DrawableSize = drawableSize;

				Reshape ();
				layerSizeDidUpdate = false;
			}

			Render ();
		}

		// Called whenever view changes orientation or layout is changed
		public override void ViewDidLayoutSubviews ()
		{
			base.ViewDidLayoutSubviews ();
			layerSizeDidUpdate = true;
			metalLayer.Frame = View.Layer.Frame;
		}

		public override bool ShouldAutorotate ()
		{
			return true;
		}

		public override UIInterfaceOrientationMask GetSupportedInterfaceOrientations ()
		{
			if (UIDevice.CurrentDevice.UserInterfaceIdiom == UIUserInterfaceIdiom.Phone)
				return UIInterfaceOrientationMask.AllButUpsideDown;

			return UIInterfaceOrientationMask.All;
		}

		ICAMetalDrawable GetCurrentDrawable ()
		{
			ICAMetalDrawable currentDrawable = null;

			while (currentDrawable == null) {
				currentDrawable = metalLayer.NextDrawable ();
				if (currentDrawable == null)
					Console.WriteLine ("CurrentDrawable is null");
			}

			return currentDrawable;
		}

		static Matrix4 CreateMatrixFromPerspective (float fovY, float aspect, float nearZ, float farZ)
		{
			float yscale = 1.0f / (float)Math.Tan (fovY * 0.5f);
			float xscale = yscale / aspect;
			float q = farZ / (farZ - nearZ);

			var m = new Matrix4 {
				Row0 = new Vector4 (xscale, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f),
				Row1 = new Vector4 (0.0f, yscale, 0.0f, 0.0f),
				Row2 = new Vector4 (0.0f, 0.0f, q, q * -nearZ),
				Row3 = new Vector4 (0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f)
			};

			return m;
		}

		static Matrix4 CreateMatrixFromTranslation (float x, float y, float z)
		{
			var m = Matrix4.Identity;
			m.Row0.W = x;
			m.Row1.W = y;
			m.Row2.W = z;
			m.Row3.W = 1.0f;
			return m;
		}

		static Matrix4 CreateMatrixFromRotation (float radians, float x, float y, float z)
		{
			Vector3 v = Vector3.Normalize (new Vector3 (x, y, z));
			var cos = (float)Math.Cos (radians);
			var sin = (float)Math.Sin (radians);
			float cosp = 1.0f - cos;

			var m = new Matrix4 {
				Row0 = new Vector4 (cos + cosp * v.X * v.X, cosp * v.X * v.Y - v.Z * sin, cosp * v.X * v.Z + v.Y * sin, 0.0f),
				Row1 = new Vector4 (cosp * v.X * v.Y + v.Z * sin, cos + cosp * v.Y * v.Y, cosp * v.Y * v.Z - v.X * sin, 0.0f),
				Row2 = new Vector4 (cosp * v.X * v.Z - v.Y * sin, cosp * v.Y * v.Z + v.X * sin, cos + cosp * v.Z * v.Z, 0.0f),
				Row3 = new Vector4 (0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f)
			};

			return m;
		}
	}
}