зеркало из https://github.com/electron/electron.git
156 строки
7.9 KiB
Markdown
156 строки
7.9 KiB
Markdown
# Device Access
|
|
|
|
Like Chromium based browsers, Electron provides access to device hardware
|
|
through web APIs. For the most part these APIs work like they do in a browser,
|
|
but there are some differences that need to be taken into account. The primary
|
|
difference between Electron and browsers is what happens when device access is
|
|
requested. In a browser, users are presented with a popup where they can grant
|
|
access to an individual device. In Electron APIs are provided which can be
|
|
used by a developer to either automatically pick a device or prompt users to
|
|
pick a device via a developer created interface.
|
|
|
|
## Web Bluetooth API
|
|
|
|
The [Web Bluetooth API](https://web.dev/bluetooth/) can be used to communicate
|
|
with bluetooth devices. In order to use this API in Electron, developers will
|
|
need to handle the [`select-bluetooth-device` event on the webContents](../api/web-contents.md#event-select-bluetooth-device)
|
|
associated with the device request.
|
|
|
|
Additionally, [`ses.setBluetoothPairingHandler(handler)`](../api/session.md#sessetbluetoothpairinghandlerhandler-windows-linux)
|
|
can be used to handle pairing to bluetooth devices on Windows or Linux when
|
|
additional validation such as a pin is needed.
|
|
|
|
### Example
|
|
|
|
This example demonstrates an Electron application that automatically selects
|
|
the first available bluetooth device when the `Test Bluetooth` button is
|
|
clicked.
|
|
|
|
```javascript fiddle='docs/fiddles/features/web-bluetooth'
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## WebHID API
|
|
|
|
The [WebHID API](https://web.dev/hid/) can be used to access HID devices such
|
|
as keyboards and gamepads. Electron provides several APIs for working with
|
|
the WebHID API:
|
|
|
|
* The [`select-hid-device` event on the Session](../api/session.md#event-select-hid-device)
|
|
can be used to select a HID device when a call to
|
|
`navigator.hid.requestDevice` is made. Additionally the [`hid-device-added`](../api/session.md#event-hid-device-added)
|
|
and [`hid-device-removed`](../api/session.md#event-hid-device-removed) events
|
|
on the Session can be used to handle devices being plugged in or unplugged
|
|
when handling the `select-hid-device` event.
|
|
**Note:** These events only fire until the callback from `select-hid-device`
|
|
is called. They are not intended to be used as a generic hid device listener.
|
|
* [`ses.setDevicePermissionHandler(handler)`](../api/session.md#sessetdevicepermissionhandlerhandler)
|
|
can be used to provide default permissioning to devices without first calling
|
|
for permission to devices via `navigator.hid.requestDevice`. Additionally,
|
|
the default behavior of Electron is to store granted device permission through
|
|
the lifetime of the corresponding WebContents. If longer term storage is
|
|
needed, a developer can store granted device permissions (eg when handling
|
|
the `select-hid-device` event) and then read from that storage with
|
|
`setDevicePermissionHandler`.
|
|
* [`ses.setPermissionCheckHandler(handler)`](../api/session.md#sessetpermissioncheckhandlerhandler)
|
|
can be used to disable HID access for specific origins.
|
|
|
|
### Blocklist
|
|
|
|
By default Electron employs the same [blocklist](https://github.com/WICG/webhid/blob/main/blocklist.txt)
|
|
used by Chromium. If you wish to override this behavior, you can do so by
|
|
setting the `disable-hid-blocklist` flag:
|
|
|
|
```javascript
|
|
app.commandLine.appendSwitch('disable-hid-blocklist')
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Example
|
|
|
|
This example demonstrates an Electron application that automatically selects
|
|
HID devices through [`ses.setDevicePermissionHandler(handler)`](../api/session.md#sessetdevicepermissionhandlerhandler)
|
|
and through [`select-hid-device` event on the Session](../api/session.md#event-select-hid-device)
|
|
when the `Test WebHID` button is clicked.
|
|
|
|
```javascript fiddle='docs/fiddles/features/web-hid'
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Web Serial API
|
|
|
|
The [Web Serial API](https://web.dev/serial/) can be used to access serial
|
|
devices that are connected via serial port, USB, or Bluetooth. In order to use
|
|
this API in Electron, developers will need to handle the
|
|
[`select-serial-port` event on the Session](../api/session.md#event-select-serial-port)
|
|
associated with the serial port request.
|
|
|
|
There are several additional APIs for working with the Web Serial API:
|
|
|
|
* The [`serial-port-added`](../api/session.md#event-serial-port-added)
|
|
and [`serial-port-removed`](../api/session.md#event-serial-port-removed) events
|
|
on the Session can be used to handle devices being plugged in or unplugged
|
|
when handling the `select-serial-port` event.
|
|
**Note:** These events only fire until the callback from `select-serial-port`
|
|
is called. They are not intended to be used as a generic serial port
|
|
listener.
|
|
* [`ses.setDevicePermissionHandler(handler)`](../api/session.md#sessetdevicepermissionhandlerhandler)
|
|
can be used to provide default permissioning to devices without first calling
|
|
for permission to devices via `navigator.serial.requestPort`. Additionally,
|
|
the default behavior of Electron is to store granted device permission through
|
|
the lifetime of the corresponding WebContents. If longer term storage is
|
|
needed, a developer can store granted device permissions (eg when handling
|
|
the `select-serial-port` event) and then read from that storage with
|
|
`setDevicePermissionHandler`.
|
|
* [`ses.setPermissionCheckHandler(handler)`](../api/session.md#sessetpermissioncheckhandlerhandler)
|
|
can be used to disable serial access for specific origins.
|
|
|
|
### Example
|
|
|
|
This example demonstrates an Electron application that automatically selects
|
|
serial devices through [`ses.setDevicePermissionHandler(handler)`](../api/session.md#sessetdevicepermissionhandlerhandler)
|
|
as well as demonstrating selecting the first available Arduino Uno serial device (if connected) through
|
|
[`select-serial-port` event on the Session](../api/session.md#event-select-serial-port)
|
|
when the `Test Web Serial` button is clicked.
|
|
|
|
```javascript fiddle='docs/fiddles/features/web-serial'
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## WebUSB API
|
|
|
|
The [WebUSB API](https://web.dev/usb/) can be used to access USB devices.
|
|
Electron provides several APIs for working with the WebUSB API:
|
|
|
|
* The [`select-usb-device` event on the Session](../api/session.md#event-select-usb-device)
|
|
can be used to select a USB device when a call to
|
|
`navigator.usb.requestDevice` is made. Additionally the [`usb-device-added`](../api/session.md#event-usb-device-added)
|
|
and [`usb-device-removed`](../api/session.md#event-usb-device-removed) events
|
|
on the Session can be used to handle devices being plugged in or unplugged
|
|
when handling the `select-usb-device` event.
|
|
**Note:** These two events only fire until the callback from `select-usb-device`
|
|
is called. They are not intended to be used as a generic usb device listener.
|
|
* The [`usb-device-revoked' event on the Session](../api/session.md#event-usb-device-revoked) can
|
|
be used to respond when [device.forget()](https://developer.chrome.com/articles/usb/#revoke-access)
|
|
is called on a USB device.
|
|
* [`ses.setDevicePermissionHandler(handler)`](../api/session.md#sessetdevicepermissionhandlerhandler)
|
|
can be used to provide default permissioning to devices without first calling
|
|
for permission to devices via `navigator.usb.requestDevice`. Additionally,
|
|
the default behavior of Electron is to store granted device permission through
|
|
the lifetime of the corresponding WebContents. If longer term storage is
|
|
needed, a developer can store granted device permissions (eg when handling
|
|
the `select-usb-device` event) and then read from that storage with
|
|
`setDevicePermissionHandler`.
|
|
* [`ses.setPermissionCheckHandler(handler)`](../api/session.md#sessetpermissioncheckhandlerhandler)
|
|
can be used to disable USB access for specific origins.
|
|
|
|
### Example
|
|
|
|
This example demonstrates an Electron application that automatically selects
|
|
USB devices (if they are attached) through [`ses.setDevicePermissionHandler(handler)`](../api/session.md#sessetdevicepermissionhandlerhandler)
|
|
and through [`select-usb-device` event on the Session](../api/session.md#event-select-usb-device)
|
|
when the `Test WebUSB` button is clicked.
|
|
|
|
```javascript fiddle='docs/fiddles/features/web-usb'
|
|
|
|
```
|