aspnetcore/docs/ReferenceResolution.md

<Reference> resolution

Most project files in this repo should use <Reference> instead of <ProjectReference> or <PackageReference>. This was done to enable ASP.NET Core's unique requirements without requiring most ASP.NET Core contributors to understand the complex rules for how versions and references should work. The build system will resolve Reference items to the correct type and version of references based on our servicing and update rules.

See ResolveReferences.targets for the exact implementation of custom <Reference> resolutions.

The requirements that led to this system are:

• Versions of external dependencies should be consistent and easily discovered.
• Newer versions of packages should not have lower dependency versions than previous releases.
• Minimize the cascading effect of servicing updates where possible by keeping a consistent baseline of dependencies.
• Servicing releases should not add or remove dependencies in existing packages.

As a minor point, the current system also makes our project files somewhat less verbose.

Recommendations for writing a .csproj

• Use <Reference>.
• Do not use <PackageReference>.
• If you need to use a new package, add it to eng/Dependencies.props and eng/Versions.props.
• If the package comes from a partner team and needs to have versions automatically updated, also add an entry eng/Version.Details.xml.
• Only use <ProjectReference> in test projects.
• Name the .csproj file to match the assembly name.
• Run eng/scripts/GenerateProjectList.ps1 (or build.cmd /t:GenerateProjectList) when adding new projects
• Use eng/tools/BaseLineGenerator/ if you need to update baselines.
• If you need to make a breaking change to dependencies, you may need to add <SuppressBaselineReference>.

Important files

• eng/Baseline.xml - this contains the 'baseline' of the latest servicing release for this branch. It should be modified and used to update the generated file, eng/Baseline.Designer.props.
• eng/Dependencies.props - contains a list of all package references that might be used in the repo.
• eng/ProjectReferences.props - lists which assemblies or packages might be available to be referenced as a local project.
• eng/Versions.props - contains a list of versions which may be updated by automation. This is used by MSBuild to restore and build.
• eng/Version.Details.xml - used by automation to update dependency variables in eng/Versions.props and, for SDKs and msbuild toolsets, global.json.

Example: adding a new project

Steps for adding a new project to this repo.

1. Create the .csproj
2. Run eng/scripts/GenerateProjectList.ps1
3. Add new project to AspNetCore.sln and any relevant *.slnf files

Example: adding a new dependency

Steps for adding a new package dependency to an existing project. Let's say I'm adding a dependency on System.Banana.

1. Add the package to the .csproj file using <Reference Include="System.Banana" />
2. Add an entry to eng/Dependencies.props e.g. <LatestPackageReference Include="System.Banana" />
3. If this package comes from another dotnet team and should be updated automatically by our bot…

   1. Add an entry to eng/Versions.props like this <SystemBananaVersion>0.0.1-beta-1</SystemBananaVersion>.

   2. Add an entry to eng/Version.Details.xml like this:

      <ProductDependencies>
        <!-- ... -->
        <Dependency Name="System.Banana" Version="0.0.1-beta-1">
          <Uri>https://github.com/dotnet/corefx</Uri>
          <Sha>000000</Sha>
        </Dependency>
        <!-- ... -->
      </ProductDependencies>
      

      If you don't know the commit hash of the source code used to produce "0.0.1-beta-1", you can use 000000 as a placeholder for Sha as its value will be updated the next time the bot runs.

      If the new dependency comes from dotnet/runtime and you are updating dotnet/aspnetcore-tooling, add a CoherentParentDependency attribute to the <Dependency> element as shown below. This example indicates the dotnet/runtime dependency version for System.Banana should be determined based on the dotnet/aspnetcore build that produced the chosen Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Razor. That is, the dotnet/runtime and dotnet/aspnetcore dependencies should be coherent.

      <Dependency Name="System.Banana" Version="0.0.1-beta-1" CoherentParentDependency="Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Razor">
        <!-- ... -->
      </Dependency>
      

      The attribute value should be "Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Razor" for dotnet/runtime dependencies in dotnet/aspnetcore-tooling.

Example: make a breaking change to references

If Microsoft.AspNetCore.Banana in 2.1 had a reference to Microsoft.AspNetCore.Orange, but in 3.1 or 5.0 this reference is changing to Microsoft.AspNetCore.BetterThanOrange, you would need to make these changes to the .csproj file

<!-- in Microsoft.AspNetCore.Banana.csproj -->
  <ItemGroup>
-    <Reference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Orange" /> <!-- the old dependency -->
+    <Reference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.BetterThanOrange" /> <!-- the new dependency -->
+    <SuppressBaselineReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Orange" /> <!-- suppress as a known breaking change -->
  </ItemGroup>

A darc cheatsheet

darc is a command-line tool that is used for dependency management in the dotnet ecosystem of repos. darc can be installed using the darc-init scripts located inside the eng/common directory. Once darc is installed, you'll need to set up the appropriate access tokens as outlined in the official Darc docs.

Once darc is installed and set-up, it can be used to modify the subscriptions and dependencies in a project.

Getting the list of subscriptions in a repo

Subscriptions are objects that define the ecosystem repos we are listening for updates to, the frequency we are looking for updates, and more.

darc get-subscriptions --target-branch main --target-repo aspnetcore$ --regex

Disable/enable a subscription

darc subscription-status --id {subscriptionIdHere} --enable
darc subscription-status --id {subscriptionIdHere} --disable

Trigger a subscription

Triggering a subscription will search for updates in its dependencies and open a PR in the target repo via the dotnet-maestro bot with these changes.

darc trigger-subscriptions --id {subscriptionIdHere}

Manually update dependencies

If the dotnet-maestro bot has not correctly updated the dependencies, darc update-dependencies may be used to update the dependencies manually. Note, you'll need to run the commands below in a separate branch and submit a PR with the changes. These are the things that the bot should do for you if you use trigger-subscriptions or automatically (when the subscription fires e.g. about 15 minutes after a dependency's build completes if Update Frequency: EveryBuild).

darc update-dependencies --channel '.NET Core 3.1 Release'
darc update-dependencies --channel '.NET 5 Dev' --source-repo efcore

Generally, using trigger-subscriptions is preferred for creating dependency updates instead of manually updating dependencies in your own PR.

Toggling batchability of subscription

Subscriptions can be batched. When a dependency update is detected, darc will bundle the commits for that update with existing dependency PRs. To toggle whether a subscription is batched or not, you will need to use the update-subscription command.

darc update-subscription --id {subscriptionIdHere}

Your shell's default editor will open and allow you to edit the metadata of the subscription.

To disable batching, set Batchable to False and update the Merge Policies section with the following YAML.

  - Name: Standard
    Properties: {}

To enable batching, set Batchable to True and remove any Merge Policies set on the subscription.

Note: Merge policies can only be set on unbatched subscriptions. Be sure to set/unset the Merge Policies field properly as you toggle batchability.