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NEWS for Ruby 3.3.0

This document is a list of user-visible feature changes since the 3.2.0 release, except for bug fixes.

Note that each entry is kept to a minimum, see links for details.

Language changes

Command line options

A new performance warning category was introduced. They are not displayed by default even in verbose mode. Turn them on with -W:performance or Warning[:performance] = true. [Feature #19538]
The RUBY_GC_HEAP_INIT_SLOTS environment variable has been deprecated and removed. Environment variables RUBY_GC_HEAP_%d_INIT_SLOTS should be used instead. [Feature #19785]

Core classes updates

Note: We're only listing outstanding class updates.

Array
- Array#pack now raises ArgumentError for unknown directives. [Bug #19150]
Dir
- Dir.for_fd added for returning a Dir object for the directory specified by the provided directory file descriptor. [Feature #19347]
- Dir.fchdir added for changing the directory to the directory specified by the provided directory file descriptor. [Feature #19347]
- Dir#chdir added for changing the directory to the directory specified by the provided Dir object. [Feature #19347]
MatchData
- MatchData#named_captures now accepts optional symbolize_names keyword. [Feature #19591]
Module
- Module#set_temporary_name added for setting a temporary name for a module. [Feature #19521]
ObjectSpace::WeakKeyMap
- New core class to build collections with weak references. The class use equality semantic to lookup keys like a regular hash, but it doesn't hold strong references on the keys. [Feature #18498]
Proc
- Now Proc#dup and Proc#clone call #initialize_dup and #initialize_clone hooks respectively. [Feature #19362]
Process.warmup
- Notify the Ruby virtual machine that the boot sequence is finished, and that now is a good time to optimize the application. This is useful for long running applications. The actual optimizations performed are entirely implementation specific and may change in the future without notice. [Feature #18885]
Process::Status
- Process::Status#& and Process::Status#>> are deprecated. [Bug #19868]
Range
- Range#reverse_each can now process beginless ranges with an Integer endpoint. [Feature #18515]
Refinement
- Add Refinement#target as an alternative of Refinement#refined_class. Refinement#refined_class is deprecated and will be removed in Ruby 3.4. [Feature #19714]
String
- String#unpack now raises ArgumentError for unknown directives. [Bug #19150]
- String#bytesplice now accepts new arguments index/length or range of the source string to be copied. [Feature #19314]
TracePoint
- TracePoint supports rescue event. When the raised exception was rescued, the TracePoint will fire the hook. rescue event only supports Ruby-level rescue. [Feature #19572]

Stdlib updates

RubyGems and Bundler warn if users require gem that is scheduled to become the bundled gems in the future version of Ruby. [Feature #19351] [Feature #19776] [Feature #19843]

Targeted libraries are:
- abbrev
- base64
- bigdecimal
- csv
- drb
- getoptlong
- mutex_m
- nkf
- observer
- racc
- resolv-replace
- rinda
- syslog
Socket#recv and Socket#recv_nonblock returns nil instead of an empty string on closed connections. Socket#recvmsg and Socket#recvmsg_nonblock returns nil instead of an empty packet on closed connections. [Bug #19012]
Random::Formatter#alphanumeric is extended to accept optional chars keyword argument. [Feature #18183]

The following default gem is added.

prism 0.18.0

The following default gems are updated.

RubyGems 3.5.0.dev
base64 0.2.0
benchmark 0.3.0
bigdecimal 3.1.5
bundler 2.5.0.dev
cgi 0.4.0
csv 3.2.8
date 3.3.4
delegate 0.3.1
drb 2.2.0
english 0.8.0
erb 4.0.3
etc 1.4.3.dev.1
fcntl 1.1.0
fiddle 1.1.2
fileutils 1.7.2
find 0.2.0
getoptlong 0.2.1
io-console 0.6.1.dev.1
irb 1.9.1
logger 1.6.0
mutex_m 0.2.0
net-http 0.4.0
net-protocol 0.2.2
nkf 0.1.3
observer 0.1.2
open-uri 0.4.0
open3 0.2.0
openssl 3.2.0
optparse 0.4.0
ostruct 0.6.0
pathname 0.3.0
pp 0.5.0
prettyprint 0.2.0
pstore 0.1.3
psych 5.1.1.1
rdoc 6.6.0
reline 0.4.0
rinda 0.2.0
securerandom 0.3.0
shellwords 0.2.0
singleton 0.2.0
stringio 3.1.0
strscan 3.0.8
syntax_suggest 1.1.0
tempfile 0.2.0
time 0.3.0
timeout 0.4.1
tmpdir 0.2.0
tsort 0.2.0
un 0.3.0
uri 0.13.0
weakref 0.1.3
win32ole 1.8.10
yaml 0.3.0
zlib 3.1.0

The following bundled gem is promoted from default gems.

racc 1.7.3

The following bundled gems are updated.

minitest 5.20.0
rake 13.1.0
test-unit 3.6.1
rexml 3.2.6
rss 0.3.0
net-imap 0.4.6
net-smtp 0.4.0
rbs 3.3.2
typeprof 0.21.8
debug 1.8.0

See GitHub releases like Logger or changelog for details of the default gems or bundled gems.

Supported platforms

Compatibility issues

Stdlib compatibility issues

racc is promoted to bundled gems.
- You need to add racc to your Gemfile if you use racc under bundler environment.
ext/readline is retired
- We have reline that is pure Ruby implementation compatible with ext/readline API. We rely on reline in the future. If you need to use ext/readline, you can install ext/readline via rubygems.org with gem install readline-ext.
- We no longer need to install libraries like libreadline or libedit.

C API updates

Implementation improvements

defined?(@ivar) is optimized with Object Shapes.
Name resolution such as Socket.getaddrinfo can now be interrupted. [Feature #19965]

YJIT

Major performance improvements over 3.2
- Support for splat and rest arguments has been improved.
- Registers are allocated for stack operations of the virtual machine.
- More calls with optional arguments are compiled.
- Exception handlers are also compiled.
- Instance variables no longer exit to the interpreter with megamorphic object shapes.
- Unsupported call types no longer exit to the interpreter.
- Integer#!=, String#!=, Kernel#block_given?, Kernel#is_a?, Kernel#instance_of?, Module#=== are specially optimized.
- Now more than 3x faster than the interpreter on optcarrot!
Significantly improved memory usage over 3.2
- Metadata for compiled code uses a lot less memory.
- Generate more compact code on ARM64
Compilation speed is now slightly faster than 3.2.
Add RubyVM::YJIT.enable that can enable YJIT later
- You can start YJIT without modifying command-line arguments or environment variables.
- This can also be used to enable YJIT only once your application is done booting. --yjit-disable can be used if you want to use other YJIT options while disabling YJIT at boot.
Code GC now disabled by default, with --yjit-exec-mem-size treated as a hard limit
- Can produce better copy-on-write behavior on forking web servers such as unicorn
- Use the --yjit-code-gc option to automatically run code GC when YJIT reaches the size limit
ratio_in_yjit stat produced by --yjit-stats is now available in release builds, a special stats or dev build is no longer required to access most stats.
Exit tracing option now supports sampling
- --trace-exits-sample-rate=N
More thorough testing and multiple bug fixes
--yjit-stats=quiet is added to avoid printing stats on exit.
--yjit-perf is added to facilitate profiling with Linux perf.

MJIT

MJIT is removed.
- --disable-jit-support is removed. Consider using --disable-yjit --disable-rjit instead.

RJIT

Introduced a pure-Ruby JIT compiler RJIT.
- RJIT supports only x86_64 architecture on Unix platforms.
- Unlike MJIT, it doesn't require a C compiler at runtime.
RJIT exists only for experimental purposes.
- You should keep using YJIT in production.

M:N Therad scheduler

M:N Thread scheduler is introduced. [Feature #19842]
- Background: Ruby 1.8 and before, M:1 thread scheduler (M Ruby threads with 1 native thread. Called as User level threads or Green threads) is used. Ruby 1.9 and later, 1:1 thread scheduler (1 Ruby thread with 1 native thread). M:1 threads takes lower resources compare with 1:1 threads because it needs only 1 native threads. However it is difficult to support context switching for all of blocking operation so 1:1 threads are employed from Ruby 1.9. M:N thread scheduler uses N native threads for M Ruby threads (N is small number in general). It doesn't need same number of native threads as Ruby threads (similar to the M:1 thread scheduler). Also our M:N threads supports blocking operations well same as 1:1 threads. See the ticket for more details. Our M:N thread scheduler refers on the gorotuine scheduler in the Go language.
- In a ractor, only 1 thread can run in a same time because of implementation. Therefore, applications that use only one Ractor (most applications) M:N thread scheduler works as M:1 thread scheduler with further extension from Ruby 1.8.
- M:N thread scheduler can introduce incompatibility for C-extensions, so it is disabled by default on the main Ractors. RUBY_MN_THREADS=1 environment variable will enable it. On non-main Ractors, M:N thread scheduler is enabled (and can not disable it now).
- N (the number of native threads) can be specified with RUBY_MAX_CPU environment variable. The default is 8. Note that more than N native threads are used to support many kind of blocking operations.

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